scholarly journals Role for Physical Fitness in the Association between Age and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis of the SABE Colombia Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Sousa ◽  
Jesús del Pozo-Cruz ◽  
Pedro R. Olivares ◽  
Carlos A. Cano-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Speed Test

Objectives. We investigated the association between physical fitness and cognitive status. Further, we examined whether physical fitness mediates the association between cognitive functioning and aging. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Urban and rural Colombian older adults. Methods. 4416 participants from the SABE study were included in the current analysis. Physical fitness was assessed with the handgrip test and the usual gait speed test. Cognitive status was evaluated through the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination. A parallel mediation path was used to test the possible mediator role of physical fitness between aging and cognitive functioning. Results. Older adults with lower handgrip strength (HGS) were more likely to have mild-cognitive status than older adults with healthy HGS (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15; 2.02). In addition, older adults with a slower gait speed were more likely to have mild cognitive impairment (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.54; 2.78). Age had an inverse relationship with cognitive function (β = −0.110, 95% CI = −0.130; −0.100) and it was also inversely associated with HGS (β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.005; −0.002) and gait speed (β = −0.010, 95% CI = −0.011; −0.009). The indirect effects, which indicate that the effect of age on cognitive function is transmitted through mediators, showed that both gait speed (β = −0.028, 95% CI = −0.036; −0.020) and HGS (β = −0.014, 95% CI = −0.024; −0.005) were independent mediators of the detrimental effect of aging on cognitive function. Conclusions. Physical fitness mediates the effects of aging on cognitive functioning. Our findings suggest that physical activity can be a key factor to prevent cognitive deterioration during aging process.

scholarly journals Poor Walking Speed Is Associated With Higher Segment-Specific Arterial Stiffness in Older Adult Japanese Community Dwellers: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Ogawa ◽  
Chika Nanayama Tanaka ◽  
Minenori Ishido ◽  
Tomohiro Nakamura ◽  
Masato Nishiwaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwellers

Walking speed as one index of gait ability is an important component of physical fitness among older adults. Walking speed-arterial stiffness relationships have been studied, but whether poor walking speed is associated with higher segment-specific arterial stiffness in older adults is unclear. We thus aimed to examine the relationship between walking speed and segmental arterial stiffness among older community dwellers. This study was a cross-sectional study of 492 older Japanese community dwellers (age range, 65 to 96 years). Heart-brachial PWV (hbPWV), brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), heart-ankle PWV (haPWV), and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) were used as arterial stiffness indices. Walking speed, strength, flexibility, and cognitive function were also assessed. The participants were categorized into low (Slow), middle (Middle), and high (Fast) tertiles according to walking speed. The CAVI and baPWV were significantly lower in Fast than in Slow. Significant decreasing trends in CAVI and baPWV and a tendency toward decreasing trend in haPWV were observed from Slow to Fast, whereas hbPWV did not significantly differ among tertiles and no trend was evident. The results remained significant after normalizing CAVI and PWVs for multicollinearity of arterial stiffness indices and major confounding factors, such as age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, cognitive function, and each physical fitness. Therefore, these findings suggest that poor walking speed is associated with higher segment-specific arterial stiffness of the central and lower limbs, but not of upper, in older adult community dwellers.

Association between physical activity and functional and cognitive status in nonagenarians: results from the Mugello study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 901-908
Author(s):  
Silvia Pancani ◽  
Federica Vannetti ◽  
Francesco Sofi ◽  
Francesca Cecchi ◽  
Guido Pasquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Step Count ◽  
Steps Per Day

ABSTRACTThis study aimed at assessing daily physical activity and its relationship with functional and cognitive status in nonagenarians. Cross-sectional study. 167 nonagenarians (124 women and 43 men, mean age 92 years ± 3) who participated in the Mugello study. Participants underwent daily step count through the SenseWear armband, which was considered as an indicator of physical activity. Other main variables were: handgrip strength, gait speed, depression, cognitive status and quality of life. The median value of steps per day was 883 and 658 in women and men, respectively, with a participant, in the women group, showing values up to 10,000. After adjusting for potential confounders, physical activity remained a significant positive correlate of handgrip strength (r = 0.4), gait speed (r = 0.8), and cognitive status (r = 0.6 and 0.8, respectively for raw scores and for scores adjusted for age and education). On the contrary, physical activity remained a significant negative correlate of depression (r = 0.5). Our results provide quantitative information on daily physical activity and show a significant relationship between daily physical activity and functional and cognitive status in nonagenarians.

scholarly journals Reference values and factors associated with hand grip strength among older adults living in southeastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽  
Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽  
Justyna Kilian ◽  
Natalia Wołoszyn ◽  
Bernard Sozański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) is used as a biomarker for the state of health of older people, but the number of research publications containing the normative values of HGS in older adult populations is limited. The aim of the study was to define reference values and factors associated with HGS in older adults living in southeastern Poland. A cross-sectional study including 405 participants aged 65 and older was conducted. Handgrip strength for the dominant hand was assessed by the average of three trials using a JAMAR dynamometer. The sample was categorized into the following age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, 75–79 years, 80–84 years, 85 and over. The average HGS was 19.98 kg (16.91 kg for women and 26.19 kg for men). There was a decrease in handgrip strength across the age range in both sexes. The average handgrip strength of the older people was 17.97 kg (14.47 kg for women and 25.66 kg for men) for those aged 80–85 and 16.68 kg (13.51 kg for women and 21.77 kg for men) in the group over 85 years old. In both sexes, marital status was an independent factor associated with reduced handgrip strength. In conclusion, this study described, for the first time, handgrip strength values for the southeastern Polish population aged ≥ 65 years according to age and gender.

scholarly journals Association between blood marker analyses regarding physical fitness levels in Spanish older adults: A cross-sectional study from the PHYSMED project

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0206307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza ◽  
Ángel Enrique Díaz ◽  
Gonzalo Palacios ◽  
María del Mar Bibiloni ◽  
Alicia Julibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Marker ◽  
Fitness Levels

Associations of Social Network Characteristics With Gait Speed in Older Women From Physical Activity Community Groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Arango-Paternina ◽  
Jhon F. Ramírez-Villada ◽  
Annie A. Tibaduiza-Romero ◽  
Leonardo Rodríguez-Perdomo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Social

The identification of social network factors associated with gait speed may offer different perspectives for improving community and clinical interventions for older adults. The objective of this study was to explore the associations of the social network of friends with gait speed. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 128 older adult women recruited in community groups of physical activity. Clinical screening, social network questions, body composition evaluation, and gait speed test were applied to the participants. Logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between characteristics of the social network of friends and high gait speed. Findings indicated that social isolation was not associated with high gait speed and that popularity and proportion of friends with high gait speed were significantly associated with high gait speed. Findings suggested that there was a relationship between social network factors and the ability to perform high gait speed.

scholarly journals Higher Levels of Physical Fitness Are Associated with Lower Peak Plantar Pressures in Older Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4119
Author(s):  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Mario Kasović ◽  
Martin Zvonař
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Fitness Levels

Little is known about how physical fitness is associated with peak plantar pressures in older adults. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to explore whether higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower peak plantar pressures in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 120 older women aged ≥60 years. To assess the level of peak plantar pressure, we used a Zebris plantar pressure platform. To estimate the level of physical fitness, a senior fitness test battery was used. To calculate the associations between the level of physical fitness and peak plantar pressures beneath the different foot regions (forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot), we used generalized estimating equations with a linear regression model. In unadjusted models, higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower peak plantar pressures. When we adjusted for chronological age, the risk of falls and the presence of foot pain, higher physical fitness levels remained associated with lower peak plantar pressures. Our study shows that higher levels of physical fitness are associated with lower peak plantar pressures, even after adjusting for several potential covariates.

DHERENCE TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF SARCOPENIC SYMPTOMOLOGY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE OLDER ADULTS IN AUSTRALIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Stanton ◽  
J. Buckley ◽  
A. Villani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is inversely associated with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adherence to a MedDiet and sarcopenic symptomology in obese older adults. For confirmation of sarcopenia, low appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM: males, ≤7.25kg/m2; females, ≤5.5kg/m2) accompanied low handgrip strength (males, ≤30kg; females, ≤20kg) or low physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]: ≤8; or gait speed: ≤0.8m/sec). Adherence to a MedDiet was determined using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Sixty-five older adults were included. Adherence to a MedDiet was not associated with a decreased risk of sarcopenic symptomology (SPPB: OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01-3.1; P = 0.234; Muscle strength: OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 0.32-10.15; P = 0.499; Gait speed: OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.13-2.50; P = 0.468). Future research should investigate whether a Mediterranean-style intervention can prevent or improve sarcopenic symptomology, including in non-Mediterranean populations.

scholarly journals Bone Mass Loss and Sarcopenia in Ecuadorian Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. Intriago ◽  
G. Maldonado ◽  
R. Guerrero ◽  
O. D. Messina ◽  
C. Rios
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bone Mass Loss ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. An intimate relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia has been established. At present, there are few epidemiological studies about osteosarcopenia due to the recent use of this term, especially in Latin America. Objective. To study the association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia and determine the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in patients who attended a rheumatology center in Ecuador. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of patients who had a densitometric study. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was determined by the DXA standard gold test, screening, and conventional methods (bioimpedance, anthropometric measurements, SARC-F, muscle function, and gait test). Results. A total of 92 patients were studied. The median age was 66 ± 10, 90% females. Using the criteria of SMI, 65% had sarcopenia of which 9% had only sarcopenia and 56% had osteosarcopenia; 22% had only osteopenia/osteoporosis; and 13% none of these conditions. The prevalence of sarcopenia according to handgrip strength was 60%, gait speed 45%, and SARC-F score 40%. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia according to handgrip strength was 51%, gait speed 34%, and SARC-F score 32%. Osteoporosis was associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia using the criteria of SMI since 40% had sarcopenia in the normal DXA group, 64% in the osteopenia group, and 76% in the osteoporosis group (p=0.017). Of the women, 69% had sarcopenia compared to 33% of the men (p=0.034). The BMI was lower in the group with sarcopenia (25.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2) compared to the group without sarcopenia (29.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2, p<0.001). Patients with osteosarcopenia and sarcopenia had lower BMI, handgrip strength, ASM, SMI, and total-body skeletal muscle mass than those with osteopenia/osteoporosis or normal patients. Conclusion. 65% of the studied population had sarcopenia. It is clear that the prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with greater loss of bone mass. Identifying pathways that affect both bone and muscle could facilitate the development of treatments that simultaneously improve osteoporosis and sarcopenia.

Strength, Static Balance, Physical Activity, and Age Predict Maximal Gait Speed in Healthy Older Adults From a Rural Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Aranda-García ◽  
Albert Busquets ◽  
Antoni Planas ◽  
Joan A. Prat-Subirana ◽  
Rosa M. Angulo-Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Abilities

Purpose:Gait speed is related to physical function in older adults. This cross-sectional study examined the best predictors of maximal gait speed (MGS) among physical abilities, and general factors in healthy, rural community-dwelling older adults.Methods:MGS, muscle strength, and postural sway were measured in 55 community-dwelling participants (age, 72.1 ± 6.8, range 61–87 years; 72.7% women). Two stepwise regressions were used to find MGS predictors in two models: physical abilities and global.Results:Strength of knee extensors with 60° of knee flexion (KStrength60°) and maximal distance in the anterior-posterior direction with eyes closed explained 50.2% of MGS variance (p < .05) in the physical abilities model. KStrength60°, age, and level of physical activity explained 63.9% of MGS variance (p < .05) in the global model.Conclusions:Regardless of the model, KStrength60° was the best predictor of MGS in rural female older adults. Future research should examine the generalization of these findings to rural male older adults.

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