scholarly journals Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9149
Author(s):  
Houshmand Masoumi ◽  
Martin van Rooijen ◽  
Grzegorz Sierpiński
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Independent School ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
High Income ◽  
European Countries ◽  
School Mobility ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference

The determinants of children’s independent school mobility and the contextual discrepancies between these determinants have not been comprehensively investigated in previous studies. It is important to examine these determinants because independent school mobility is associated with children’s physical activity, according to the literature. This paper examined the associations of different groups of variables such as household, mobility, perceptions, and the built environment with independent school mobility of children between 9 and 12 years using a sample of 1304 girls (50.9%) and boys (49.1%) in seven European countries. The sample was analyzed by Multinomial Logistic Regression, Chi-square test of independence, and Proportional Reduction in Error methods. According to the findings, father’s and mother’s commute mode choice, child’s mode choice of commute to school, child’s bike ownership, parent’s perception of safety, parent’s evaluation of bike lane and sidewalk quality, child’s commute distance, number of driving licenses in the household, accessibility of public transport, and population density in the neighborhood and around the school proved to be very strong and significant determinants of children’s independent school mobility in the Europe-wide sample. The comparison of the levels of independent school mobility did not show any significant differences between high-income countries such as Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, and emerging economies and developing countries like Poland, Greece, Turkey, and Croatia. However, a direct comparison between Poland (emerging economy) (33.6%) and the Netherlands (high-income) (31.7%) revealed significant differences in the level of independent school mobility. This study found the motives for this discrepancy due to the significant difference in bike ownership, the number of household members working outside of the house, household size, commute distances of parents, and driving license possession.

scholarly journals Consumers’ Responses to Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labelling: Results from a Sample from The Netherlands

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egnell ◽  
Talati ◽  
Gombaud ◽  
Galan ◽  
Hercberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Nutritional Profiles

Front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) are efficient tools for helping consumers identify healthier food products. Although discussions on nutritional labelling are currently ongoing in Europe, few studies have compared the effectiveness of FoPLs in European countries, including the Netherlands. This study aimed to compare five FoPLs among Dutch participants (the Health Star Rating (HSR) system, Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes (RIs), and Warning symbols) in terms of perception and understanding of the labels and food choices. In 2019, 1032 Dutch consumers were recruited and asked to select one product from among a set of three foods with different nutritional profiles, and then rank the products within the sets according to their nutritional quality. These tasks were performed with no label and then with one of the five FoPLs on the package, depending on the randomization arm. Finally, participants were questioned on their perceptions regarding the label to which they were exposed. Regarding perceptions, all FoPLs were favorably perceived but with only marginal differences between FoPLs. While no significant difference across labels was observed for food choices, the Nutri-Score demonstrated the highest overall performance in helping consumers rank the products according to their nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Estimating the Financing Gap of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-100
Author(s):  
Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes ◽  
Joseph A. McCahery ◽  
Dirk Schoenmaker ◽  
Dragana Stanisic
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Financing Gap ◽  
Sme Financing ◽  
Upper Boundary

Using a novel methodology, we estimate the gap between supply and demand financing of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing in several European countries. We find the largest loan gap spreads are in Poland and the Netherlands. Specifically, our results show the upper boundary of the loan gap is the lowest in Romania and the highest in the Netherlands. Moreover, the lowest lower boundary of the equity gap is in the Netherlands, while the highest lower boundary is in Romania. Overall, our results suggest that there is a significant difference between the estimated demand and supply of equity, which is on average 3% of GDP.

Concentrate feeding to dairy cattle: Adoption statusand factors affecting its adoption in India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakashkumar Rathod ◽  
Mahesh Chander ◽  
Dwaipayan Bardhan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adequate Representation

An attempt was made to study the adoption status of concentrate feeding and to identify factors affecting its adoption in India through primary data collection from 360 dairy farmers. The study revealed that majority of the respondents had not adopted this practice, followed by full and partial adoption in the study area. Further, the study also pointed out that about 21 per cent farmers adopted concentrate feeding since 3-6 years, while about 19 per cent farmers had adopted the practice from 6-9 years. The adoption status revealed that there was highly significant difference across the states for concentrate feeding in dairying. Multinomial logit model depicted the Chi-square value of 144.84 indicating that the model was highly significant (p<0.001). The study suggested that researchers and extension experts need to make farmers more aware about the benefits of concentrate feeding to improve productivity in the dairy sector. Further, the scientists have to analyse the problems of dairy farmers and find suitable solutions for higher diffusion and adoption at field conditions by participatory technology generation and transfer approach with adequate representation of farmers so that their feedback can be taken into consideration.

Does age contribute to distress in new geriatric oncology patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24023-e24023
Author(s):  
Harish Saiganesh ◽  
Humera Khurshid ◽  
Sakeena Raza ◽  
Don S. Dizon
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Geriatric Oncology ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Tumor Group ◽  
Significant Difference

e24023 Background: As part of routine practice at the Lifespan Cancer Institute (LCI), all new patients are screened with the NCCN Distress Thermometer (DT). There is little to no data comparing initial distress levels among patients 65 and older recently diagnosed with cancer and how this might change with increasing age. This study sought to describe distress at initial presentation among two cohorts: patients 65 to 74 years and those 75 years and over. Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed 1800 patients at Lifespan Cancer Institute so far, all of whom were initially seen between the years 2014-2017. Data related to demographics, tumor type, initial distress score, and sources of distress were gathered using our electronic medical records. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test or Chi-Square. Multinomial logistic regression was performed for multivariate analysis. All analyses were performed in STATA 15.0. Results: At time of diagnosis, 898 (49.9%) patients were over 65 years. Of those, 577 (64%) had distress thermometers and were included in this analysis. The median age was 72 (range 65 to 92), 66.9% were female, and 42.5% were married or partnered; 393 (68.1%) were under 75 years and 184 (31.9%) were 75 or older. The major cancers represented included breast (44%), lung (19.6%), and prostate (17%) cancers. The presence of severe distress (DT score of 4 or higher) did not significantly differ by age cohort (45.3 versus 45.7%, respectively, p > 0.5) but differed by tumor group (p < 0.001). Compared to people under 75 years, more of those 75 and older reported sadness (27 versus 20%, respectively, p < 0.05), issues with memory and concentration (12 versus 7.6%, p < 0.1) and trouble with getting around (14.7 versus 8.4%, p < 0.05). On multinomial logistic regression, only tumor group and reporting sadness on the DT remained significant factors for severe distress, whereas age did not. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in distress reporting among geriatric patients with cancer who are under 75 compared to those 75 and older. Tumor type and sadness at the initial presentation were associated with severe distress in this group of people.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Nomophobia: An emerging fear

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Bala ◽  
Neetu Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phones ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Agra City

In the current time, the use of technologies has become propensity more than necessity. Nobody has gotten away from them nor left youth or old. It's totally relying upon us How to utilize it? One such live innovation is a Smartphone. At only one touch we approach any data about the entire world. It is very easy to carry in our pocket so everyone can use it anytime whenever. Smartphone has some constructive as well as some cynical aspects too. Nomophobia is a negative face of the smartphone. Nomophobia is the irrational dread of being without cell phones or being not able to utilize phones (situational phobia) for some reason such as some signal or battery issues. Theprimary point of the current research is to find out the proportion of Nomophobia among understudies with regardof gender and age in Agra city. For this purpose, a total number of 300 students were selected by randomization (150 males and 150 females) from the age scope of 15-20 years. The data was taken by using a self-administered questionnaire NMP-Q developed by Yilidirim and Correia. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mean and Chi-square. Results revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female score on nomophobia. The other result indicates that early adolescents positively related to Nomophobia as compare to late adolescents. In India, one person can use multiple cell phones. There is no minimum age to use mobile phones. It is adding fuel to the pre-existing problem of Nomophobia. Telecom Administrative Authority of India (TRAI) should assume a functioning job by making an arrangement/law that "setting based methodology" on cell phone limitations among individuals ought to be followed. A demonstration will be detailed, under this demonstration. There ought to choose the least age for portable use. It will assist a great deal with curbing the circumstance.

Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce.  This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used.  Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively.   Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference.  Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases.  Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity.  The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

Association of Rugae Pattern with Skeletal Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwat Memon
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Background: The palatal rugae are special constructions that are inalterable in their position and pattern during the lifestyles of an individual. This imparts them an exceptional role in the forensic dentistry and may play potential role in malocclusion identification. This study was aimed to see association of rugae pattern with sagittal skeletal malocclusion in orthodontic patients visiting tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional examination was completed on pretreatment records (lateral Cephalometric radiographs and maxillary dental casts) of 384 subjects at the orthodontic department of Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The study duration was from January to July 2019. The samples were sub-divided into three sagittal skeletal groups based on ANB angle proposed by Steiner’s on lateral Cephalometric radiographs (Class I with ANB angle between 0° to 4°; Class II: ANB angle greater than 5°; Class III: ANB angle less than 0°). The shapes of three most-anterior primary rugae were then evaluated bilaterally using Kapali et al., Classification. Chi Square test was applied to find association of rugae pattern among sagittal skeletal malocclusions groups. Results: Circular and curved rugae shapes were the most prevalent in all skeletal malocclusions. The primary palatal rugae pattern was seen to be significantly different among three skeletal malocclusion groups (p<0.05). The right and left sided palatal rugae pattern showed significant difference in all three skeletal malocclusion groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed no specific palatal rugae pattern associated with sagittal skeletal malocclusion. Further studies on larger sample and use of modern 3D technologies to scan the maxillary casts are required for results that are more precise.

Success Rate of Obturation of Root Canals by Different Techniques in Primary Molars: A Comparative Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Satyawan G. Damle ◽  
Ritika Bansal ◽  
Dhanashree D. Sakhare
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study

Objective: To compare the success rate of different obturation procedures in primary mandibular second molars clinically and also by digital radiovisiography. Methods: A total of 40 children aged between 4-8 years with deeply carious mandibular second primary molars indicated for single session pulpectomy were selected. Canals were obturated with Metapex. The 3 study groups (Endodontic plugger, Handheld lentulospiral, Navi Tip syringe) were compared with the control group (reamer) both clinically and radiovisiographically. The data collected were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The use of Navi tip syringe led to the least number of voids followed by Endodontic plugger and Reamer and the highest number of voids was reported with Lentulospiral. Navitip presented maximum number of optimally filled cases followed by Endodontic plugger and Lentulospiral and least number of optimally filled cases with reamer. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in any of the groups with clinical (pain and tenderness to percussion) and radiographic parameters (presence or absence of voids and length of obturation). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, though the clinical outcome was statistically insignificant, Navitip syringe exhibited encouraging results and is a promising option for obturation in primary teeth.

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