scholarly journals The Dually Negative Effect of Industrial Polluting Enterprises on China’s Air Pollution: A Provincial Panel Data Analysis Based on Environmental Regulation Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7814
Author(s):  
Shoujun Lyu ◽  
Xingchi Shen ◽  
Yujie Bi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Regulation Theory ◽  
Régulation Theory

Although the Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies to mitigate air pollution, the air quality in a number of Chinese cities still has the potential to be improved. As the major source of air pollution, enterprises in the industrial and energy sectors are the most difficult to regulate in terms of polluting emissions. This paper aims to investigate what factors influence the intensity of environmental regulations on polluting enterprises based on environmental regulation theory and an empirical test. Firstly, this article builds a theoretic model of optimal regulation supply for local governments in order to examine the relationship between factors influencing the intensity of environmental regulation. Secondly, we use provincial panel data from 2008 to 2015 to test the theoretical hypothesis and use the generalized method of moments (GMM), the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method to address the endogeneity issue. The main finding of the study is that, in regions with a high concentration of polluting enterprises, not only is there more air pollution than in other regions, but the local governments might show partiality towards the polluting enterprises, which could impede the implementation of environmental regulation.

scholarly journals Determinants of Basmati Exports from Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Munwar Hayat ◽  
Raheela Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to estimate the impact of different factors of basmati exports from Pakistan to its trading partner. Results are obtained by using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model and panel data methodology with a sample of 22 countries for the period of 2003-2019. To estimate the impact of different variables on basmati exports Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model is used on the panel dataset. The results revealed that the inflation rate of Pakistan has a negative and significant effect on the export competitiveness of Pakistani basmati. The exchange rate of Pakistan has a positive and significant impact on the basmati export, the population of Pakistan has a negative and significant impact on basmati export. Basmati production in Pakistan also has a significant and negative impact on basmati export. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan has a significant and positive impact on the basmati export while the GDP of the trading partner has a significant and negative impact on the basmati export. The dummy variable for joint border also has a positive and significant impact on basmati exports of Pakistan.

Corporate cash flow and dividends smoothing: a panel data analysis at Bursa Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apedzan Emmanuel Kighir ◽  
Normah Haji Omar ◽  
Norhayati Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Payout Policy ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate and find out the impact of cash flow on changes in dividend payout decisions among non-financial firms quoted at Bursa Malaysia as compared to earnings. There has been renewed debate in recent finance and accounting literature concerning the key determinants of changes in dividends payout policy decisions in some jurisdictions. The conclusion in some is that firms base their dividend decisions on cash flows rather than published earnings. Design/methodology/approach – The research made use of panel data from 1999 to 2012 at Bursa Malaysia, using generalized method of moments as the main method of analysis. Findings – The research finds that Malaysia non-financial firms consider current earnings more important than current cash flow while making dividends payout decisions, and prior year cash flows are considered more important in dividends decisions than prior year earnings. We also found support for Jensen (1986) in Malaysia on agency theory, that managers of firms pay dividends from free cash flow to reduce agency conflicts. Practical implications – The research concludes that Malaysian non-financial firms use current earnings and less of current cash flow in making changes in dividends policy. The policy implication is that current earnings are dividends smoothing agents, and the more they are considered in dividends payout decisions, the less of dividends smoothing. Social implications – If dividends smoothing is encouraged, it could lead to dividends-based earnings management. Originality/value – The research is our novel contribution of assisting investors and government in making informed decisions regarding dividends policy in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Should Bangladesh be Integrated with Trans-Pacific Partnership? A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shaddam Hossain ◽  
Nobin Khor Kundu ◽  
Habiba Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Integration Variable ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Short Run

Abstract In this research endeavor, we have tried to assess the dynamic relationships between Bangladesh's trade balances with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) countries as well as whether Bangladesh could be benefitted if it has shown its intention to integrate with the TPP agreement. Hence, the tariff rate exporter per product is used as a proxy for economic integration variable along with conventional trade balance model. From the time span of 2005 to 2020, the simulated trade model tested for Bangladesh's merchandise trade with its TPP trading partner countries (with or without the USA). A dynamic balanced panel data analysis has used to capture the Unrestricted Error Correction Mechanism (UECM) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. The model has tested under two different scenarios (with or without integration), and a robustness check of the model has confirmed the validation of the specification. The study has shown that cointegration exists; stable long-run relationships from any short-run deviation and short-run dynamics has also shown convergence. Therefore, empirical results have indicated that, without integrating both scenarios the value of coefficient of proxy for economic integration variable in both cases is 0.21 and statistically significant as well as Bangladesh's trade balance is relatively better off without integration than integration with the TPP agreement. Thus, this study has suggested that Bangladesh should be maintained bilateral trade relationship instead of not joining the TPP mega-regional FTA (i.e., TPP without the USA).

scholarly journals MARKETIZATION ALLOCATION, LAND PRICE, AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT LAND SPECULATION, CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-347
Author(s):  
Juanfeng Zhang ◽  
Ting Yu ◽  
Lele Li ◽  
Danxia Zhang ◽  
Guochao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Land Price ◽  
Land Speculation ◽  
Bank System

Land value appreciation in the urbanization process has triggered market speculation. The Land Bank System strengthens local governments’ ability to control land supply and distribution rights. Local governments are considered close stakeholders. Under the pressure of guaranteeing economic growth and promotion, local governments have increased their dependence on land finances. It is important for investors to understand the local governments’ behaviors, and draw up business strategies. This study aims to examine the influencing factors and formation mechanism of local government land hoarding. The research hypothesis was tested by collating provincial-level panel data of China from 2004 to 2015 and using dynamic panel data estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). A significant positive correlation was found between residential land price and land hoarding area by local governments. Land speculation in the eastern region is also more pronounced than that in central and western regions. In addition, empirical studies have found a correlation between the degree of government intervention and local government land hoarding behavior. The higher the degree of government intervention, the less land sold through bid invitation, auction, and listing, which are linked to the corresponding hoarding land area.

Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Ruqia Shaheen ◽  
Farzana Munir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Promotion Strategies

The role of international trade in boosting economic growth is imperative in the era of globalization and trade liberalization. A trade openness policy can help stimulate economic growth mainly in two ways. Firstly, technology is transferred from developed countries to developing countries through imports. Secondly, the export promotion strategies facilitate the innovations and inventions promoting competition among the producers. In this way, research-intensive specialization culture is flourished in developing countries. This study aims at examining the effect of global trade orientation on growth in 23 emerging economies for the period 1995-2018. The panel data estimation approach including fixed effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) reveal a positive and statistically significant influence of trade openness on economic growth.  The empirical results are robust to the various specifications, supporting the trade-led growth notion in the economies under consideration. The emerging economies can achieve higher growth rates through trade openness and export promotion strategies.

Environmental Regulation's Influence on Performance Evaluation of Manufacturing Enterprises in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 999-1003
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Zai Wu Gong ◽  
Li Jie Zhang ◽  
Jing Ya Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Overall Performance

The manufacturing is very important in China. However, environmental regulation has influence on performance of manufacturing enterprises. Effective environmental regulation can control pollution and improve the profits of manufacturing enterprises. It makes the environmental protection and economic growth at the optimum status of common development. This paper use panel data analysis to study the influence of environmental regulation on manufacturing enterprises and evaluate the overall performance. The results show that environmental regulation can improve profit margins and promote the performance of manufacturing enterprises.

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