scholarly journals Using Peer Crowd Affiliation to Address Dual Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes among San Francisco Bay Area Young Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7643
Author(s):  
Nhung Nguyen ◽  
Louisa M. Holmes ◽  
Minji Kim ◽  
Pamela M. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Peer Crowds

Given the emerging tobacco landscape, dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes has increased among young adults, but little is known about its associated factors. Peer crowds, defined as macro-level connections between individuals with similar core values (e.g., “Hip Hop” describing a group that prefers hip hop music and values strength, honor, and respect), are a promising way to understand tobacco use patterns. We examined associations between peer crowds and tobacco use patterns by using data from a cross sectional survey of 1340 young adults in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2014. Outcomes were the past 30-day use of: neither cigarettes nor e-cigarettes; cigarettes but not e-cigarettes; e-cigarettes but not cigarettes; and both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Peer crowds included Hipster, Hip Hop, Country, Partier, Homebody, and Young Professional. Multinomial regression analysis indicated that peer crowds were significantly associated with different tobacco use patterns. Compared to Young Professionals, Hip Hop and Hipster crowds were more likely to dual use; Hipsters were more likely to use e-cigarettes only, and Country participants were more likely to smoke cigarettes only. These findings suggest that tobacco control campaigns and cessation interventions should be tailored to different young adult peer crowds and address poly-tobacco use.

Local variation in cannabis use patterns among young adults in the San Francisco Bay Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 100418
Author(s):  
Louisa M. Holmes ◽  
Johannes Thrul ◽  
Natalie K. Warren ◽  
Pamela M. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Bay Area

scholarly journals Comparison of Alternative Methods for Estimating Household Trip Rates of Cross-Classification Cells with Inadequate Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Mwakalounge ◽  
Daniel A. Badoe
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Rate Matrix ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Cross Classification

This paper investigates the forecast performance of a traditional cross-classification model and alternative models that seek to address the shortcomings of traditional cross-classification analysis, specifically when it has cells with inadequate data. The study uses five cross-sectional datasets collected in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1965, 1981, 1990, 1996, and 2000. Alternative models, estimated with travel data collected in the base year, were assessed for their ability to replicate the number of trips made by households in each cell of a cross-classification matrix and at the traffic zone level, respectively, in each of the five years. The results showed that the traditional crossclassification analysis (CCA) model, notwithstanding having a few unreliable cells provided more consistent predictions of travel than any of the alternative methods. They also show that it is better to synthesize trip rates for only those cells of the cross-classification matrix with inadequate data rather than to adjust the entire trip-rate matrix as is currently the practice.

scholarly journals Simultaneously Blamed and Ignored: Barriers, Behaviors, and Impact of COVID-19 on Asian Americans (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Quach ◽  
Lan Doan ◽  
Julia Liou ◽  
Ninez Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Testing Site

BACKGROUND The diverse Asian American population is impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but due to limited data and other factors, disparities for this population are hidden. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to describe the Asian American community’s experiences and impacts during this pandemic, focusing on the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, California, to better inform our health care services. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in May-June 2020 with 1,297 Asian American participants, with questions on COVID-19-related testing and preventative behaviors, economic impacts of COVID-19, experience with anti-Asian violence, and mental health challenges. RESULTS We found that only 3% (n=39) were tested, and 49% stated that they could not find a place to get tested. Three-quarters of participants reported feeling stressed, and about one-quarter reported feeling depressed. 6% of participants reported being treated unfairly because of their race/ethnicity. 36.3% of participants had lost their regular jobs and 25.4% had reduced hours or reduced income. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the longstanding need for culturally and linguistically-appropriate mental health services and resources. These findings led to the establishment of the first Asian multi-lingual and multi-cultural COVID-19 testing site in the county.

scholarly journals Race-Ethnicity and COVID-19 Vaccination Beliefs and Intentions: A Cross-Sectional Study among the General Population in the San Francisco Bay Area

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Yingjie Weng ◽  
Di Lu ◽  
Jenna Bollyky ◽  
Vivek Jain ◽  
Manisha Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective: The study was designed to compare intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination by race–ethnicity, to identify beliefs that may mediate the association between race–ethnicity and intention to receive the vaccine and to identify the demographic factors and beliefs most strongly predictive of intention to receive a vaccine. Design: Cross-sectional survey conducted from November 2020 to January 2021, nested within a longitudinal cohort study of the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 among a general population-based sample of adults in six San Francisco Bay Area counties (called TrackCOVID). Study Cohort: In total, 3161 participants among the 3935 in the TrackCOVID parent cohort responded. Results: Rates of high vaccine willingness were significantly lower among Black (41%), Latinx (55%), Asian (58%), Multi-racial (59%), and Other race (58%) respondents than among White respondents (72%). Black, Latinx, and Asian respondents were significantly more likely than White respondents to endorse lack of trust of government and health agencies as a reason not to get vaccinated. Participants’ motivations and concerns about COVID-19 vaccination only partially explained racial–ethnic differences in vaccination willingness. Concerns about a rushed government vaccine approval process and potential bad reactions to the vaccine were the two most important factors predicting vaccination intention. Conclusions: Vaccine outreach campaigns must ensure that the disproportionate toll of COVID-19 on historically marginalized racial–ethnic communities is not compounded by inequities in vaccination. Efforts must emphasize messages that speak to the motivations and concerns of groups suffering most from health inequities to earn their trust to support informed decision making.

scholarly journals Implications of the COVID-19 San Francisco Bay Area Shelter-in-Place Announcement: A Cross-Sectional Social Media Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Elser ◽  
Mathew V. Kiang ◽  
Esther M. John ◽  
Julia F. Simard ◽  
Melissa Bondy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Level Of Concern ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe U.S. has experienced an unprecedented number of shelter-in-place orders throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. There is limited empirical research that examines the impact of these orders. We aimed to rapidly ascertain whether social distancing; difficulty with daily activities (obtaining food, essential medications and childcare); and levels of concern regarding COVID-19 changed after the March 16, 2020 announcement of shelter-in-place orders for seven counties in the San Francisco Bay Area.MethodsWe conducted an online, cross-sectional social media survey from March 14 – April 1, 2020. We measured changes in social distancing behavior; experienced difficulties with daily activities (i.e., access to healthcare, childcare, obtaining essential food and medications); and level of concern regarding COVID-19 after the March 16 shelter-in-place announcement in the San Francisco Bay Area and elsewhere in the U.S.ResultsThe percentage of respondents social distancing all of the time increased following the shelter-in-place announcement in the Bay Area (9.2%, 95% CI: 6.6, 11.9) and elsewhere in the U.S. (3.4%, 95% CI: 2.0, 5.0). Respondents also reported increased difficulty with obtaining food, hand sanitizer, and medications, particularly with obtaining food for both respondents from the Bay Area (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.4, 16.3) and elsewhere (8.2%, 95% CI: 6.6, 9.7). We found limited evidence that level of concern regarding the COVID-19 crisis changed following the shelter-in-place announcement.ConclusionThese results capture early changes in attitudes, behaviors, and difficulties. Further research that specifically examines social, economic, and health impacts of COVID-19, especially among vulnerable populations, is urgently needed.

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