scholarly journals Soil Microbial Community and Its Interaction with Soil Carbon Dynamics Following a Wetland Drying Process in Mu Us Sandy Land

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4199
Author(s):  
Huan He ◽  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
Mengqi Zhang ◽  
Guodong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

Increasing drought globally is a severe threat to fragile desert wetland ecosystem. It is of significance to study the effects of wetland drying on microbial regulation of soil carbon (C) in the desert. In this study, we examined the impacts of wetland drying on microbial biomass, microbial community (bacteria, fungi) and microbial activity [basal microbial respiration, microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2)]. Relationships of microbial properties with biotic factors [litter, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)], abiotic factors (soil moisture, pH and clay content) and biological processes (basal microbial respiration, qCO2) were also developed. Results showed that the drying of wetland led to a decrease of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content and fungi and bacterial abundance, and an increase of the fungi:bacteria ratio. Wetland drying also led to increased soil basal respiration and increased qCO2, which was attributed to lower soil clay content and litter N concentration. The MBC:SOC ratios were higher under drier soil conditions than under virgin wetland, which was attributed to stronger C conserve ability of fungi than bacteria. The wetland drying process exacerbated soil C loss by strengthening heterotrophic respiration; however, the exact effects of soil microbial community structure on microbial C mineralization were not clear in this study and need further research.

scholarly journals Microbial regulation of soil carbon properties under nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7343
Author(s):  
Ran Wu ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng ◽  
Wensong Zhou ◽  
Hairong Han
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

Background Soil microbial communities and their associated enzyme activities play key roles in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbial communities are sensitive to resource availability, but the mechanisms of microbial regulation have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we tested the mechanistic relationships between microbial responses and multiple interacting resources. Methods We examined soil carbon properties, soil microbial community structure and carbon-related functions under nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal (litter removal (NL), root trench and litter removal (NRL)) in a pure Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in northern China. Results We found that nitrogen addition affected the soil microbial community structure, and that microbial biomass increased significantly once 100 kg ha−1 a−1 of nitrogen was added. The interactions between nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal significantly affected soil bacteria and their enzymatic activities (oxidases). The NL treatment enhanced soil microbial biomass under nitrogen addition. We also found that the biomass of gram-negative bacteria and saprotrophic fungi directly affected the soil microbial functions related to carbon turnover. The biomass of gram-negative bacteria and peroxidase activity were key factors controlling soil carbon dynamics. The interactions between nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal strengthened the correlation between the hydrolases and soil carbon. Conclusions This study showed that nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal could alter soil enzyme activities and further affect soil carbon turnover via microbial regulation. The increase in soil microbial biomass and the microbial regulation of soil carbon both need to be considered when developing effective sustainable forest management practices for northern China. Moreover, further studies are also needed to exactly understand how the complex interaction between the plant and below-ground processes affects the soil microbial community structure.

scholarly journals Responses of CO2 Emissions and Soil Microbial Community Structures to Organic Amendment in Two Contrasting Soils in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Hamamoto ◽  
Nhamo Nhamo ◽  
David Chikoye ◽  
Ikabongo Mukumbuta ◽  
Yoshitaka Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, efforts have been made to increase soil carbon (C) content in agricultural ecosystems, due to severe soil degradation. The use of organic materials is one of the realistic methods to recover soil C. However, the impacts of organic amendments on soil microbial community and C cycles under limited soil C conditions are still unknown. We conducted field experiments using organic amendments in two sites with contrasting C content in Zambia. At both sites, temporal changes of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, bacterial and archaeal community structures were monitored during crop growing season (126 days). The organic amendments increased CO2 emissions with increased bacterial and archaeal abundance in the Kabwe site, while no impacts were shown in the Lusaka site. We also observed larger temporal variability in soil microbial community structure in Kabwe than in Lusaka. These contrasting results between the two soils might be due to the gap in microbial community stability. However, organic amendments have a significant potential to enhance microbial abundance and consequently sequester soil C in the Kabwe site. Site-specific strategies are needed to deal with the issues of soil C depletion in drylands.

scholarly journals Tree diversity and soil chemical properties drive the linkages between soil microbial community and ecosystem functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Beugnon ◽  
Jianqing Du ◽  
Simone Cesarz ◽  
Stephanie D. Jurburg ◽  
Zhe Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractMicrobial respiration is critical for soil carbon balance and ecosystem functioning. Previous studies suggest that plant diversity influences soil microbial communities and their respiration. Yet, the linkages between tree diversity, microbial biomass, microbial diversity, and microbial functioning have rarely been explored. In this study, we measured two microbial functions (microbial physiological potential, and microbial respiration), together with microbial biomass, microbial taxonomic and functional profiles, and soil chemical properties in a tree diversity experiment in South China, to disentangle how tree diversity affects microbial respiration through the modifications of the microbial community. Our analyses show a significant positive effect of tree diversity on microbial biomass (+25% from monocultures to 24-species plots), bacterial diversity (+12%), and physiological potential (+12%). In addition, microbial biomass and physiological potential, but not microbial diversity, were identified as the key drivers of microbial respiration. Although soil chemical properties strongly modulated soil microbial community, tree diversity increased soil microbial respiration by increasing microbial biomass rather than changing microbial taxonomic or functional diversity. Overall, our findings suggest a prevalence of microbial biomass over diversity in controlling soil carbon dynamics.

scholarly journals Effects of Phthalate Esters on Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Seedlings and the Soil Microbial Community Structure under Different Soil Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Ma ◽  
Linwei Liu ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Like Chen ◽  
Peter Christie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are the most frequently utilized synthetic chemical compounds worldwide. They are typical emergent contaminants and are currently attracting considerable concern due to their risks to plants, animals, and public health. Determining the vital environmental factors that affect the toxicity of target pollutants in soil is important for vegetable production and the maintenance and control of soil productivity. We investigated the influence of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) under different soil conditions on physiological changes in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) seedlings and the rhizosphere soil microbial community. Supported by our former experiments in which we determined the representative concentrations that caused the most pronounced toxic effects, three experimental concentrations were studied including control soils without PAEs and spiked soils with either 20 mg DBP or DEHP kg−1 soil. The soil at all the three PAE concentrations was then adjusted to test two soil pH values, three levels of soil organic matter (SOM) content, and three levels of soil moisture content; thus, we completed 12 treatments or conditions simulating different soil environment conditions in greenhouses. After 30 days of cultivation, we analyzed the toxicity effects of two target PAEs on plant growth and physiological factors, and on soil microbial community characteristics. The toxicity of soil DBP and DEHP to the physiology of water spinach was found to be most affected by the soil pH value, then by SOM content, and least of all by soil moisture. The results of the 454 high-throughput sequencing analysis of the soil microbial community indicated that the toxicity of target PAEs to soil microorganisms was most affected by SOM content and then by soil moisture, and no clear relationship was found with soil pH. Under different soil conditions, declines in leaf biomass, chlorophyll a content, and carotenoid content—as well as increases in free amino acid (FAA) content, superoxide anion free radical activity, and hydroxyl radical activity—occurred in response to DBP or DEHP. Heavy use of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and high humidity led to the special environmental conditions of greenhouse soil, constituting the main conditions considered in this study. The results indicate that under the special highly intensive production systems of greenhouses, soil conditions may directly influence the effects of pollutant phytotoxicity and may thus endanger the yield, nutrient content, and food safety of vegetables. The combined studies of the impacts on plants and rhizosphere microorganisms give a more detailed picture of the toxic effects of the pollutants under different soil conditions.

scholarly journals Changes in Bacterial and Fungal Soil Communities in Long-Term Organic Cropping Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Jessica Cuartero ◽  
Onurcan Özbolat ◽  
Virginia Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Marcos Egea-Cortines ◽  
Raúl Zornoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Organic Cultivation

Long-term organic farming aims to reduce synthetic fertilizer and pesticide use in order to sustainably produce and improve soil quality. To do this, there is a need for more information about the soil microbial community, which plays a key role in a sustainable agriculture. In this paper, we assessed the long-term effects of two organic and one conventional cropping systems on the soil microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing analysis, as well as the link between these communities and the changes in the soil properties and crop yield. The results showed that the crop yield was similar among the three cropping systems. The microbial community changed according to cropping system. Organic cultivation with manure compost and compost tea (Org_C) showed a change in the bacterial community associated with an improved soil carbon and nutrient content. A linear discriminant analysis effect size showed different bacteria and fungi as key microorganisms for each of the three different cropping systems, for conventional systems (Conv), different microorganisms such as Nesterenkonia, Galbibacter, Gramella, Limnobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pantoe, and Sporobolomyces were associated with pesticides, while for Org_C and organic cultivation with manure (Org_M), other types of microorganisms were associated with organic amendments with different functions, which, in some cases, reduce soil borne pathogens. However, further investigations such as functional approaches or network analyses are need to better understand the mechanisms behind this behavior.

Impact of organic and inorganic nanomaterials in the soil microbial community structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Nogueira ◽  
Isabel Lopes ◽  
Teresa Rocha-Santos ◽  
Ana L. Santos ◽  
Graça M. Rasteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials
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