scholarly journals Tempo-Spatial Variation of Vegetation Coverage and Influencing Factors of Large-Scale Mining Areas in Eastern Inner Mongolia, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Fang ◽  
Jihong Dong ◽  
Zhiguo Cao ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Yongfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Eastern Inner Mongolia

Vegetation in eastern Inner Mongolia grasslands plays an important role in preventing desertification, but mineral exploration has negative effects on the vegetation of these regions. In this study, the changing trend types of vegetation in eastern Inner Mongolia were analyzed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI 3g dataset from 1982 to 2015. Meanwhile, changing trend and influencing factors of 25 large-scale mining areas before and after mining were explored with the methods of trend line, residual calculation, and correlation analysis. The vegetation coverage towards increasing in eastern Inner Mongolia decreased in the order of Tongliao > Hinggan League > Chifeng > Hulunbuir > Xilingol over the past 34 years. Vegetation showed a decreasing tendency in 40% mining areas, but an increasing tendency in 60% mining areas after mining. Vegetation change in Shengli No. 1 had a significant correlation with precipitation and human activities after mining. Except Shengli No. 1, an obvious correlation was found between vegetation change and precipitation in 45.83% mining areas after mining. Human activities had significant positive effects on vegetation growth in 25% mining areas. Significant negative effects of human activities were found in 8.34% mining areas, causing the vegetation degradation. However, there were 20.83% mining areas with vegetation changes not affected by precipitation and human activities.

scholarly journals Copula-Based Abrupt Variations Detection in the Relationship of Seasonal Vegetation-Climate in the Jing River Basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Shengzhi Huang ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Guoyong Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the changing relationships between vegetation coverage and precipitation/temperature (P/T) and then exploring their potential drivers are highly necessary for ecosystem management under the backdrop of a changing environment. The Jing River Basin (JRB), a typical eco-environmentally vulnerable region of the Loess Plateau, was chosen to identify abrupt variations of the relationships between seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and P/T through a copula-based method. By considering the climatic/large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and human activities, the potential causes of the non-stationarity of the relationship between NDVI and P/T were revealed. Results indicated that (1) the copula-based framework introduced in this study is more reasonable and reliable than the traditional double-mass curves method in detecting change points of vegetation and climate relationships; (2) generally, no significant change points were identified during 1982–2010 at the 95% confidence level, implying the overall stationary relationship still exists, while the relationships between spring NDVI and P/T, autumn NDVI and P have slightly changed; (3) teleconnection factors (including Arctic Oscillation (AO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Niño 3.4, and sunspots) have a more significant influence on the relationship between seasonal NDVI and P/T than local climatic factors (including potential evapotranspiration and soil moisture); (4) negative human activities (expansion of farmland and urban areas) and positive human activities (“Grain For Green” program) were also potential factors affecting the relationship between NDVI and P/T. This study provides a new and reliable insight into detecting the non-stationarity of the relationship between NDVI and P/T, which will be beneficial for further revealing the connection between the atmosphere and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Monitoring Vegetation Change and Its Potential Drivers in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3357
Author(s):  
Yao Kang ◽  
Enliang Guo ◽  
Yongfang Wang ◽  
Yulong Bao ◽  
Yuhai Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Northeastern Part

Inner Mongolia in China is a typically arid and semi-arid region with vegetation prominently affected by global warming and human activities. Therefore, investigating the past and future vegetation change and its impact mechanism is important for assessing the stability of the ecosystem and the ecological policy formulation. Vegetation changes, sustainability characteristics, and the mechanism of natural and anthropogenic effects in Inner Mongolia during 2000–2019 were examined using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Theil–Sen trend analysis, Mann–Kendall method, and the coefficient of variation method were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variability characteristics and sustained stability of the NDVI. Furthermore, a trend estimation method based on a Seasonal Trend Model (STM), and the Hurst index was used to analyze breakpoints and change trends, and predict the likely future direction of vegetation, respectively. Additionally, the mechanisms of the compound influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on the vegetation dynamics in Inner Mongolia were explored using a Geodetector Model. The results show that the NDVI of Inner Mongolia shows an upward trend with a rate of 0.0028/year (p < 0.05) from 2000 to 2019. Spatially, the NDVI values showed a decreasing trend from the northeast to the southwest, and the interannual variation fluctuated widely, with coefficients of variation greater than 0.15, for which the high-value areas were in the territory of the Alxa League. The areas with increased, decreased, and stable vegetation patterns were approximately equal in size, in which the improved areas were mainly distributed in the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia, the stable and unchanged areas were mostly in the desert, and the degraded areas were mainly in the central-eastern part of Inner Mongolia, it shows a trend of progressive degradation from east to west. Breakpoints in the vegetation dynamics occurred mainly in the northwestern part of Inner Mongolia and the northeastern part of Hulunbuir, most of which occurred during 2011–2014. The future NDVI trend in Inner Mongolia shows an increasing trend in most areas, with only approximately 10% of the areas showing a decreasing trend. Considering the drivers of the NDVI, we observed annual precipitation, soil type, mean annual temperature, and land use type to be the main driving factors in Inner Mongolia. Annual precipitation was the first dominant factor, and when these four dominant factors interacted to influence vegetation change, they all showed interactive enhancement relationships. The results of this study will assist in understanding the influence of natural elements and human activities on vegetation changes and their driving mechanisms, while providing a scientific basis for the rational and effective protection of the ecological environment in Inner Mongolia.

The Late Cenozoic Volcanic Groups in the South Daxing'anling, NE China: Geology, Geochemistry, and Chronology

2020 ◽  
pp. SP510-2020-28
Author(s):  
Ni Li ◽  
Yong-Wei Zhao ◽  
Li-Wen Gong ◽  
Jia-Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Mantle Xenoliths ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
The South ◽  
Ne China ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Inner Mongolia

AbstractDuring the late Cenozoic, the extensional tectonic setting in northeastern China caused large-scale block uplifts and depressions, and thus a large amount of magma erupted along structural fractures in the eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China. The Abaga, Beilike, Dalinor and Wulanhada (ABDW) volcanic rocks along the Daxing'anling-Taihangshan Gravity Lineament in the southern section of the Daxing'anling are characterized by their extensive distribution, numerous volcanic cones and various eruption types. Each volcanic group has distinctive volcanic landforms and geochemical characteristics. The geochronological data have revealed that the volcanism spanned Miocene to late Pleistocene. The ABDW volcanic rocks contain primary alkaline basalts and subordinate tholeiites. The trace element curve pattern is similar to that of OIB, but completely different from that of MORB, while the LREE are more enriched than HREE. The geochemical features of the volcanic rocks and the entrained mantle xenoliths reveal the broad heterogeneities of the lithospheric mantle and varieties of the volcanic rock evolution in the south Daxing'anling. The Cenozoic volcanism in eastern Inner Mongolia, and even within the east Asian plate, is attributed to the westward subduction and rolling backward of the Pacific slab as well as the trench retreat.

scholarly journals Oasis Evolution in Response to Human Inducedwater Resources Reallocation in South Xinjiang during Past Four Decades

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxu Ma ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Fang Yan ◽  
Aynur Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Large Scale Land

Vegetation in drylands is sensitive to climatic changes and human activities. Remote sensing and spatial analyses provide us useful tools for monitoring long-term vegetation dynamics over large regional scale. In this study, we analyzed the oasis vegetation cover change of the Tarim Basin using Landsat data sets from six epochs, 1975s, 1990s, 2000s, 2005s, 2010s and 2014. The results show that vegetation cover of oases increases from 34600 km2 in 1975s to 101000 km2 in 2014, though there was a vegetation coverage decrease from 77600 km2 in 2000s to 42680 km2 in 2010s. The percentage of annul water consumption has increased from 34% in 1970s to 52% in 2010s in the upper Tarim River, and decreased from 15% in 1970s to 9% in 2010s in the lower Tarim River. The decrease of oases area from 2000s to 2010s probably resulted from the rapid urbanization and large scale land reclamation. Although there is an increasing trend for oases coverage, local degradation of oases especially in the northern part occurred. This may be caused by inadequate water supply of the Tarim River. The results of multiple regression show that human activities contribute 70% of oases area change. Human induced water resources reallocation and heat energy balance is the primary cause of total oasis change.

scholarly journals Precipitation and Anthropogenic Activities Jointly Green the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Xueqin Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Modis Evi

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are widely considered the main factors affecting vegetation growth. However, their relative contributions are under debate. Within the non-climatic impact, detailed human activities, particularly government policy adjustments, are less investigated. In this study, we develop a fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) extraction method based on MODIS-EVI satellite data to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation and its attributions in the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor (CMREC). The average FVC has improved, with a general increase of 0.02/10a from 2000 to 2020. We construct a driving factor identification system for FVC change, based on partial and multiple correlation coefficients, and we divide the driving forces of FVC changes into seven climate-driven types and one non-climate-driven type. The results reveal that FVC changes caused by climatic factors account for 28.2% of CMREC. The most prominent greening (19.5%) is precipitation-driven, and is extensively distributed in Khentii Aimag, Mongolia; southeast Inner Mongolia; west Jilin Province; and southwest Heilongjiang Province, China. Moreover, we quantify the relative contribution of climatic and non-climatic factors to significant FVC change using the first-difference multivariate regression method. The results indicate that the effects of non-climatic factors on vegetation change outweigh those of climatic factors in most areas. According to the land cover change and regional policy adjustment, anthropogenic activities such as afforestation, reclamation, and planting structure adjustment explain most vegetation improvement in the Northeast Plain; eastern Inner Mongolia; and the Hetao Irrigation District, China. Meanwhile, both vegetation improvement and degradation disperse concurrently in the Mongolian and Russian parts of CMREC, where climate change and anthropogenic activities positively and negatively affect vegetation change, respectively. Despite the greening in most CMREC, it must be noted that human-induced greening is unsustainable to some degree. The overdevelopment of black soil area and sandy land, adverse effects of afforestation projects, and natural hazards related to weather and climate extremes altogether threaten the local ecological security in the long run. Therefore, governments should develop new desertification countermeasures in accordance with the laws of nature, and enhance international cooperation to guarantee the ecological safety of CMREC.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Fractional Vegetation Coverage and Its Relationship with Climate and Human Activities in Inner Mongolia, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqin Tong ◽  
Jiquan Zhang ◽  
Si Ha ◽  
Quan Lai ◽  
Qiyun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Coverage

Assessing the impacts of climate variability and human activities on annual runoff in the Luan River basin, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 940-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Xu ◽  
Hanbo Yang ◽  
Dawen Yang ◽  
Huan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Climate Elasticity ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Runoff Change

Regional hydrological processes have been greatly influenced by human activities and climate variability. The inflow of Panjiakou Reservoir, which is the largest reservoir located on the Luan River, has shown a significant decreasing trend over the past 50 years. A large-scale hydrological model, namely the geomorphology-based hydrological model (GBHM), and a climate elasticity model were applied to perform quantitative attributing analysis of runoff change in the study catchment. Annual runoff decreased by 19.5 mm from 65.7 mm in the period 1956–1979 to 46.2 mm in the period 1980–2005. Annual direct water intake increased by 22.5 mm from 3.6 to 26.1 mm. Climate impact was accountable for the runoff increase of 8.8 and 9.2 mm simulated by GBHM and the climate elasticity model, respectively. Impacts of land use and vegetation change accounted for the runoff decrease of 2.5 mm. Change of precipitation and vegetation cover contributed to annual runoff change for the upper catchment (grassland-dominated). Change of antecedent precipitation (a proxy of soil moisture) also contributed to annual runoff change for the lower catchment (forest-dominated) and the whole catchment (mixture vegetation).

Managing the impacts of mining on Ghana’s water resources from a legal perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasirudeen Abdul Fatawu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Legal Perspective

Recent floods in Ghana are largely blamed on mining activities. Not only are lives lost through these floods, farms andproperties are destroyed as a result. Water resources are diverted, polluted and impounded upon by both large-scale minersand small-scale miners. Although these activities are largely blamed on behavioural attitudes that need to be changed, thereare legal dimensions that should be addressed as well. Coincidentally, a great proportion of the water resources of Ghana arewithin these mining areas thus the continual pollution of these surface water sources is a serious threat to the environmentand the development of the country as a whole. The environmental laws need to be oriented properly with adequate sanctionsto tackle the impacts mining has on water resources. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure needs to bestreamlined and undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and not the company itself.

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