scholarly journals Temperature and Rain Moderate the Effect of Neighborhood Walkability on Walking Time for Seniors in Barcelona

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Xavier Delclòs-Alió ◽  
Oriol Marquet ◽  
Guillem Vich ◽  
Jasper Schipperijn ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Effect ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Walking Time ◽  
Rain Data

Walking is the most accessible form for seniors to engage in daily light or moderate physical activity. Walking activity depends on both individual and environmental factors, the latter including how walkable a given setting is. Recent papers have pointed at the relevance of also considering meteorological conditions in relation to the walking behavior of older adults. This paper explores the combined effect of neighborhood walkability, temperature and rain on daily walking time among seniors residing in Barcelona. Daily walking time was extracted from 7-day GPS (Global Positioning System) devices and accelerometer data of 227 seniors residing in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (Spain). Temperature and rain data were extracted from official governmental weather stations. Mixed-effects linear regression models were adjusted to test the combined association between weather and walkability on daily walking time. Neighborhood walkability is positively associated with walking time among seniors, while rain generally deters it. Additionally, this study demonstrates that temperature and rain modify the effect of residential walkability on senior walking activity: low temperatures are particularly associated with lower walking activity among those residing in low walkable areas, while the presence of rain presents a negative association with walking time in high walkable environments. The combined effect of walkability and weather should be considered both in design actions that aim at improving walking infrastructure and also in prevention programs aimed at encouraging daily walking among seniors.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and ethnic differences in children’s vigorous intensity physical activity: a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e027627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Love ◽  
Jean Adams ◽  
Andrew Atkin ◽  
Esther van Sluijs
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

ObjectiveTo investigate if daily vigorous physical activity (VPA), adjusted for minutes of moderate physical activity (MPA) performed, differs by socioeconomic position or ethnicity in a large sample of UK children with objectively measured physical activity.DesignNationally representative prospective cohort study.SettingUK children born between 2000 and 2002.Participants5172 children aged 7–8 with valid accelerometer data for ≥10 hour on ≥3 days, including 1 weekend day.Main outcome measuresTime spent in VPA (>3841 counts per min).Explanatory measuresMaternal education, annual household Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development equivalised income, ethnicity.ResultsMultivariable linear regression models fitted to explore differences in average daily minutes of VPA (adjusted for MPA, mean accelerometer wear time, season of measurement, age and sex), revealed significantly higher amounts of VPA accumulated as a child’s socioeconomic position increased (highest vs lowest level of maternal education: β: 2.96, p: 0.00; annual household equivalised income: β: 0.58, p: 0.00, per £10 000 annual increase). Additionally, children from certain minority ethnicities (Bangladeshi and Pakistani: β: −3.34, p: 0.00; other ethnic groups: β:−2.27, p: 0.02) accrued less daily VPA compared with their white British counterparts.ConclusionsThe socioeconomic and ethnic patterning of vigorous activity observed in this study mirrors parallel inequalities in rates of childhood obesity. Given the stronger association of VPA with adiposity than of MPA, intensity specific differences may be contributing to widening inequalities in obesity. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the current global focus on overall moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity may mask important behavioural inequalities.

scholarly journals Non-linear Relationships Between the Built Environment and Walking Frequency Among Older Adults in Zhongshan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiani Wu ◽  
Chunli Zhao ◽  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Lanjing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Non Linear

Aim: Promoting walking activity is an effective way to improve the health of older adults. Walking frequency is a critical component of walking behavior and an essential determinant of daily walking levels. To decipher the association between the built environment and walking frequency among older adults, this study's aims are as follows: (1) to empirically test whether non-linear relationships between the two exist, and (2) to identify the thresholds of the built environment characteristics that promote walking.Methods: The walking frequency of old adults was derived from the Zhongshan Household Travel Survey (ZHTS) in 2012. The sample size of old adults aged 60 or over was 4784 from 274 urban and rural neighborhoods. A semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAMM) is used to analyze the non-linear or non-monotonic relationships between the built environment and the walking frequency among older adults.Results: We found that non-linear relationships exist among five out of the six built environment characteristics. Within certain thresholds, the population density, sidewalk density, bus stop density, land use mixture, and the percentage of green space are positively related to older adults' walking trips. Furthermore, the land use mixture and the percentage of green space show an inverse “V”-shaped relationship.Conclusions: Built environment features can either support or hinder the walking frequency among older adults. The findings in the current study contribute to effective land use and transport policies for promoting active travel among older adults.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WALKING ENERGETICS AND FRAGMENTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN MID-TO-LATE LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S865-S865
Author(s):  
Fangyu Liu ◽  
Amal A Wanigatunga ◽  
Pei-Lun Kuo ◽  
Vadim Zipunnikov ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Capacity Ratio ◽  
Walking Efficiency

Abstract Physical activity becomes increasingly fragmented with age, and may be an early marker of functional decline. Energy regulation has been linked with functional decline, yet whether the energy needed for walking, a common type of physical activity, is related to fragmentation of physical activity remains unknown. The study population included 493 participants aged 50-93 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Energetic measures included the energetic cost of usual-paced overground walking (ml/kg/m), the average energy expended (ml/kg/min) during a rapid-paced 400-m walk, and a cost-to-capacity ratio between the energy expended during 5-min treadmill walk (0.67 m/s, 0% grade) and the energy expended during the 400-m walk. Activity fragmentation was extracted from accelerometer data collected over ≥3 valid days and quantified via an active-to-sedentary transition probability (ASTP). Associations between the energetic measures and ASTP were assessed using multivariate linear regression models. Interactions between energetics and total daily physical activity, quantified as total log-transformed activity counts (TLAC), were also assessed. After adjusting for TLAC, demographics, body composition and comorbidity, higher cost-to-capacity ratio was associated with 3.51% greater fragmented physical activity (p=0.005). Energetics by TLAC interactions revealed that lower rapid-paced walking energy expenditure and higher cost-to-capacity ratio were only significantly associated with greater fragmentation in the most sedentary participants (p<0.01 for both). Our results suggest that deterioration of walking efficiency may manifest as a more fragmented physical activity profile, especially among sedentary adults. Future longitudinal studies to understand whether declining walking efficiency predicts the onset and progression of activity fragmentation are warranted.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Community Built Environment on the Walking Times of Residents in a Community in the Downtown Area of Fuzhou

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Lizhen Zhao ◽  
Zhenjiang Shen ◽  
Yanji Zhang ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Walking Time

By means of on-site and network investigation, we collected data relevant to residents of communities, point of interest (POI) data, and land-use data of Fuzhou. We set traffic walking time and leisure walking time as an independent variable, built environment as dependent variable, and gender, age, education level and income level as control variables. Six linear regression models were established using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The results showed that in the 5D (i.e., Density, Diversity, Design, Destination and Distance) elements of the built environment, the density was negatively correlated with the traffic walking time, whereas other elements were positively correlated with the walking time, but the degree of influence was different.

Neighborhood walkability, physical activity, and walking behavior: The Swedish Neighborhood and Physical Activity (SNAP) study

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1266-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Ulf Eriksson ◽  
Naomi Kawakami ◽  
Lars Skog ◽  
Henrik Ohlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability

Adults’ Daily Walking for Travel and Leisure: Interaction Between Attitude Toward Walking and the Neighborhood Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Ana V. Diez-Roux
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Walk Score ◽  
Neighborhood Environments

Purpose: Studies on how the interaction of psychological and environmental characteristics influences walking are limited, and the results are inconsistent. Our aim is to examine how the attitude toward walking and neighborhood environments interacts to influence walking. Design: Cross-sectional phone and mail survey. Setting: Participants randomly sampled from 6 study sites including Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore, Minneapolis, Manhattan, and Bronx Counties in New York City, and Forsyth and Davidson Counties in North Carolina. Participants: The final sample consisted of 2621 persons from 2011 to 2012. Measures: Total minutes of walking for travel or leisure, attitude toward walking, and perceptions of the neighborhood environments were self-reported. Street Smart (SS) Walk Score (a measure of walkability derived from a variety of geographic data) was obtained for each residential location. Analysis: Linear regression models adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Results: Attitude toward walking was positively associated with walking for both purposes. Walking for travel was significantly associated with SS Walk Score, whereas walking for leisure was not. The SS Walk Score and selected perceived environment characteristics were associated with walking in people with a very positive attitude toward walking but were not associated with walking in people with a less positive attitude. Conclusion: Attitudes toward walking and neighborhood environments interact to affect walking behavior.

scholarly journals Birth size and physical activity in a cohort of Indian children aged 6–10 years

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Kehoe ◽  
G. V. Krishnaveni ◽  
S. R. Veena ◽  
J. C. Hill ◽  
C. Osmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Activity Variables

There is evidence of a reduction in children's physical activity in India in the last decade. Our objective was to assess whether size and body composition at birth are associated with physical activity in school-aged children. Children from a prospective observational cohort study born in Mysore, South India between 1997 and 1998 (n = 663) had neonatal anthropometric measurements made within 72 h of delivery [weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), chest, abdomen and head circumference, crown–heel, crown–buttock and leg length, triceps and subscapular skinfolds]. At 6–10 years, children (n = 449) were asked to wear AM7164 or GT1M Actigraph accelerometers for 7 days. Body composition was measured within 6 months of activity monitoring. Arm muscle area at birth and time of activity monitoring was calculated from MUAC and skinfold measurements.Activity outcome measures were: mean accelerometer counts per minute (cpm); counts per day and proportion of time spent in moderate and vigorous activity. The mean (s.d.) number of days with ⩾500 min of recorded accelerometer data was 7.0 (1.1). Linear regression models showed no significant associations between any of the neonatal anthropometric measures and the activity variables. Body fat percentage at 7.5 years was negatively associated with all activity variables (B = −4.69, CI: −7.31, −2.07 for mean cpm).In conclusion, this study showed no associations between body size and skinfold thickness at birth and objectively measured physical activity in childhood.

Tri-axial high-resolution acceleration for oxygen uptake estimation: Validation of a multi-sensor device and a novel analysis method

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Weippert ◽  
Jan Stielow ◽  
Mohit Kumar ◽  
Steffi Kreuzfeld ◽  
Annika Rieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Total Acceleration

We validated a multi-sensor chest-strap against indirect calorimetry and further introduced the total-acceleration-variability (TAV) method for analyzing high-resolution accelerometer data. Linear regression models were developed to predict oxygen uptake from the TAV-processed multi-sensor data. Individual correlations between observed and TAV-predicted oxygen uptake (V̇O2) were strong (mean r = 0.94) and bias low (1.5 mL·min–1·kg–1, p < 0.01; 95% confidence interval: 8.7 mL·min–1·kg–1; –5.8 mL·min–1·kg–1); however, caution should be taken when a single-model value is used as a surrogate for V̇O2.

scholarly journals Accelerometer-measured habitual physical activity and sedentary time in pediatric concussion: A controlled cohort study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Sharma ◽  
Joyce Obeid ◽  
Carol DeMatteo ◽  
Michael D Noseworthy ◽  
Brian W Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Pediatric Concussion

Objectives: To characterize and quantify differences in accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time between children with concussion (within the first month of injury) and 1:1 matched healthy controls. Methods: Secondary analysis of accelerometer data collected on 60 children with concussion and 60 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and season of accelerometer wear. Daily and hourly sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were compared between groups per independent samples t-tests. Results: Children with concussion (12.74 ± 2.85 years, 31 females) were significantly more sedentary than controls (12.43 ± 2.71 years, 31 females; mean difference [MD], 38.3 minutes/day, p=0.006), and spent less time performing LPA (MD, -19.5 minutes/day, p=0.008), MPA (MD, -9.8 minutes/day, p<0.001), and VPA(MD, -12.0 minutes/day, p<0.001); hour-by-hour analyses showed that these differences were observed from 8:00AM to 9:00PM. Sex-specific analyses identified that girls with concussion were less active and more sedentary than both boys with concussion (MD, 50.8 minutes/day; p=0.010) and healthy girls (MD, 51.1 minutes/day; p<0.010). Days post-injury significantly predicted MPA (β=0.071, p=0.032) and VPA (β=0.095, p=0.004), but not LPA or sedentariness in children with concussion. Conclusion: Clinical management should continue to advise against prolonged rest following pediatric concussion, given the activity debt observed within the first-month of injury. Currently, clinical management of concussion is shifting towards prescribing a single bout of daily sub-maximal aerobic exercise. Interventions aimed at reducing overall sedentary time and increasing habitual physical activity in pediatric concussion also warrant study.

scholarly journals Changing context of walking behaviour: Impacts of movement restrictions in the urban neighbourhoods coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynaz Lotfata ◽  
Aysegul Gemci ◽  
Bahar ferah
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Urban Neighborhood ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Research Findings

Recent theoretical and empirical urban planning studies suggest that the availability of daily amenities, such as shopping stores, health care units, education services, pharmacies, within a 15-20-minute walking distance can keep daily life flux and also bring physical activities to individuals coping with the movement limitations of lockdowns during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This paper focuses on the relationship between neighborhood walkability and the changing walking behavior of 514 individuals during these lockdowns. The spatial context of this relationship highlights three main urban design aspects of the novel and innovative urban neighborhood planning: walkable access, spatial proximity, and social cohesion. This study demonstrates how restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic affect the walking behaviors of the individuals, within 15-20 minute walkable and non-walkable neighborhoods located in different socio-economic geographies from American, European, Asian, Western Pacific, African, and Eastern Mediterranean cities. The discussion section of the methodology is supported by a survey questionnaire conducted in 24 disparate neighborhoods. Our data obtained from survey questionnaires is indicating that lockdown restrictions during the Pandemic influenced the walking purpose. Research findings also reflect limitations during the Pandemic complicate individuals’ requiring access to amenities in urban neighborhoods. With a nod to future studies on this topic, this paper proposes a basic framework as well as a thematic analysis with superimposed polar matrix charts.

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