scholarly journals Microbial Arsenic Methylation in Soil and Uptake and Metabolism of Methylated Arsenic in Plants: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuerong Di ◽  
Luke Beesley ◽  
Zulin Zhang ◽  
Suli Zhi ◽  
Yan Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gene Characterization ◽  
Arsenic Mobility ◽  
Arsenic Methylation ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism ◽  
As Toxicity

Arsenic (As) poses a risk to the human health in excess exposure and microbes play an important role in the toxicity of As. Arsenic methylation mediated by microbes is a key driver of As toxicity in the environment and this paper reviews the role of microbial arsenic methylation and volatilization in the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic. In specific, little is presently known about the molecular mechanism and gene characterization of arsenic methylation. The uptake of methylated arsenic in plants is influenced by microbial arsenic methylation in soil, thus enhancing the volatilization of methylated arsenic is a potential mitigation point for arsenic mobility and toxicity in the environment. On the other hand, the potential risk of methylated arsenic on organisms is also discussed. And the directions for future research, theoretical reference for the control and remediation of arsenic methylation, are presented.

Structural role of copper in the minerals of the pearceite-polybasite group: the case of the new minerals cupropearceite and cupropolybasite

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bindi ◽  
M. Evain ◽  
P. G. Spry ◽  
K. T. Tait ◽  
S. Menchetti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Sample Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystal Chemical ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Own Name

Abstract The pearceite-polybasite group of minerals, general formula [M6T2S7][Ag9CuS4] with M = Ag, Cu; and T = As, Sb, show a crystal structure which can be described as the succession, along the c axis, of two pseudo-layer modules: a [M6T2S7]2– A module layer and a [Ag9CuS4]2+ B module layer. Copper is present in one structural position of the B module layer and replaces Ag in the only fully occupied M position of the A module layer. When the Cu content is >4.00 a.p.f.u., the structural position of the A module layer becomes Cu-dominant and, consequently, the mineral deserves its own name. In this paper we report the crystal-chemical characterization of two Cu-rich members exhibiting the 111 unitcell type (corresponding to the Tac polytype). One sample (space group (P )m1, a 7.3218(8), c 11.8877(13) Å, V 551.90(10) Å3, Z = 1) having As >Sb and with the structural position of the A module layer dominated by Cu, has been named cupropearceite and the other sample (space group (P3̄)m1, a 7.3277(3), c 11.7752(6) Å, V 547.56(8) Å3, Z = 1) having Sb >As has been named cupropolybasite. Both the new minerals and mineral names have been approved by the IMA-CNMNC.

scholarly journals Smartphones and Learning: An Extension of M-Learning or a Distinct Area of Inquiry

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kendall Hartley ◽  
Alberto Andújar
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Distinct Area ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Author Keywords ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Research In Education

The smartphone has become an integral part of the education landscape. While there has been significant smartphone research in education under the guise of m-learning, the unique role of the device suggests that m-learning may not be an appropriate characterization. The purpose of this paper is to review the use of m-learning as a primary descriptor for smartphone- and learning-related research. In support of this goal, the paper reviews the definitions associated with m-learning, smartphones, and related technologies from the perspective of educational research. In addition, a review of author keywords of research on smartphones in education is used to provide context to the classification of the research. Finally, three theoretically guided smartphone programs are presented as evidence of the unique nature of smartphone and learning research. This review concludes with recommendations for the characterization of future research.

scholarly journals Transmission of Eurasian avian H2 influenza virus to shorebirds in North America

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 3167-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Makarova ◽  
N. V. Kaverin ◽  
S. Krauss ◽  
D. Senne ◽  
R. G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Gene Characterization ◽  
Eurasian Lineage ◽  
Antibody Panel ◽  
Antigenic Relationships

Influenza A virus of the H2 subtype caused a serious pandemic in 1957 and may cause similar outbreaks in the future. To assess the evolution and the antigenic relationships of avian influenza H2 viruses, we sequenced the haemagglutinin (HA) genes of H2 isolates from shorebirds, ducks and poultry in North America and derived a phylogenetic tree to establish their interrelationships. This analysis confirmed the divergence of H2 HA into two geographical lineages, American and Eurasian. One group of viruses isolated from shorebirds in North America had HA belonging to the Eurasian lineage, indicating an interregional transmission of the H2 gene. Characterization of HA with a monoclonal antibody panel revealed that the antigenicity of the Delaware strains differed from the other avian strains analysed. The data emphasizes the importance of avian influenza surveillance.

How Politics and Institutions Shape Poverty and Inequality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brady ◽  
Agnes Blome ◽  
Hanna Kleider
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Key Concepts

This article explores the influence of politics and institutions on poverty and inequality. It first considers the general contention that poverty is shaped by the combination of power resources and institutions. On one hand, scholars in the power resources tradition have emphasized the role of class-based collective political actors for mobilizing “power resources” in the state and economy. On the other hand, institutionalists have highlighted the role of formal rules and regulations. The article goes on to discuss the theoretical arguments of power resources theory and the evidence for key power resources (that is, collective political actors like labor unions and parties). It also reviews institutional explanations, focusing on the key concepts and theories and as well as the evidence linking the most salient institutions to poverty. Finally, it examines how state policy influences poverty and presents several challenges for future research.

scholarly journals Ontology, Ontologies and the “I” of FAIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Guizzardi
Keyword(s):  
Value Of Information ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Semantic Interoperability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Guiding Principles

According to the FAIR guiding principles, one of the central attributes for maximizing the added value of information artifacts is interoperability. In this paper, I discuss the importance, and propose a characterization of the notion of Semantic Interoperability. Moreover, I show that a direct consequence of this view is that Semantic Interoperability cannot be achieved without the support of, on one hand, (i) ontologies, as meaning contracts capturing the conceptualizations represented in information artifacts and, on the other hand, of (ii) Ontology, as a discipline proposing formal meth- ods and theories for clarifying these conceptualizations and articulating their representations. In particular, I discuss the fundamental role of formal ontological theories (in the latter sense) to properly ground the construction of representation languages, as well as methodological and computational tools for supporting the engineering of ontologies (in the former sense) in the context of FAIR.

scholarly journals Characterization of DNA methylation as a function of biological complexity via dinucleotide inter-distances

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2063) ◽  
pp. 20150227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Paci ◽  
Giampaolo Cristadoro ◽  
Barbara Monti ◽  
Marco Lenci ◽  
Mirko Degli Esposti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Complexity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Exponential Tails ◽  
Cg Dinucleotide ◽  
Cg Dinucleotides

We perform a statistical study of the distances between successive occurrences of a given dinucleotide in the DNA sequence for a number of organisms of different complexity. Our analysis highlights peculiar features of the CG dinucleotide distribution in mammalian DNA, pointing towards a connection with the role of such dinucleotide in DNA methylation. While the CG distributions of mammals exhibit exponential tails with comparable parameters, the picture for the other organisms studied (e.g. fish, insects, bacteria and viruses) is more heterogeneous, possibly because in these organisms DNA methylation has different functional roles. Our analysis suggests that the distribution of the distances between CG dinucleotides provides useful insights into characterizing and classifying organisms in terms of methylation functionalities.

scholarly journals The First Molecular Characterization of Serbian SARS-CoV-2 Isolates From a Unique Early Second Wave in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Miljanovic ◽  
Ognjen Milicevic ◽  
Ana Loncar ◽  
Dzihan Abazovic ◽  
Dragana Despot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Rare Mutations ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Genome Variants ◽  
Local Transmission

March 6, 2020 is considered as the official date of the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Serbia. In late spring and early summer 2020, Europe recorded a decline in the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsiding of the first wave. This trend lasted until the fall, when the second wave of the epidemic began to appear. Unlike the rest of Europe, Serbia was hit by the second wave of the epidemic a few months earlier. Already in June 2020, newly confirmed cases had risen exponentially. As the COVID-19 pandemic is the first pandemic in which there has been instant sharing of genomic information on isolates around the world, the aim of this study was to analyze whole SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from Serbia, to identify circulating variants/clade/lineages, and to explore site-specific mutational patterns in the unique early second wave of the European epidemic. This analysis of Serbian isolates represents the first publication from Balkan countries, which demonstrates the importance of specificities of local transmission especially when preventive measures differ among countries. One hundred forty-eight different genome variants among 41 Serbian isolates were detected in this study. One unique and seven extremely rare mutations were identified, with locally specific continuous dominance of the 20D clade. At the same time, amino acid substitutions of newly identified variants of concern were found in our isolates from October 2020. Future research should be focused on functional characterization of novel mutations in order to understand the exact role of these variations.

scholarly journals A survey of social media use in emergency situations: A literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. 026666692091389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeeb Gambo Abdulhamid ◽  
Daniel Azerikatoa Ayoung ◽  
Armin Kashefi ◽  
Boyce Sigweni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Areas Of Interest

This study reviews literature on the use of Social Media (SM) in emergency response operations while identifying gaps in this research stream that need attention from Information Systems (IS) researchers. The research is grounded in past works and attempts to build on research on the application of SM in emergencies. It focuses on understanding the role of SM in the prevention, management and response to emergencies. The review contains a detailed literature exposition of IS and disasters journals. The appraisal of such research stream led the review to focus on the concept of digital volunteerism as an offshoot of crowdsourcing initiatives. Findings from the review reveal that previous studies overlooked the interfacing challenges between formal and traditional aid agencies on one hand and digital humanitarians on the other. Consequently, we identify gaps in the extant literature and propose areas of interest for future research.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Ángel J. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The One ◽  
Spanish Dialects

This introduction offers a summary of the antecedents, goals, and prospects of the present volume. On the one hand, it emphasizes the important role of this collection of papers. It’s the first attempt to provide a global characterization of the syntactic variation of Spanish dialects. This is a very rich, but largely unexplored, area of inquiry, a situation that is probably due to a combination of various factors: lack of theoretical tools, interest in more easily observable (lexical, phonetic, or morphological) differences, etc. On the other hand, it introduces chapters that show varying and complementary formal approaches to the study of the syntactic phenomena of both American Spanish and European Spanish dialects.

scholarly journals The Conceptualization, Measurement, and Role of Humor as a Character Strength in Positive Psychology

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R. Edwards ◽  
Rod A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Prediction Of Outcome ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Character Strength

In positive psychology, humor has been identified as one of 24 character strengths considered ubiquitously important for human flourishing. Unlike the other strengths, humor was a late addition to this classification system and its status as a strength continues to be somewhat controversial. Therefore, the first purpose of this study was to explore the associations between humor and several outcome variables of relevance to positive psychology (happiness, routes to happiness, resilience, and morality). The second purpose was to explore how best to conceptualize and measure humor as a character strength by comparing the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) Humor Scale with the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) in their ability to predict the outcome variables. A sample of 176 participants completed questionnaires assessing the humor and positive psychology constructs. The results indicated that the humor measures significantly predicted most of the outcome variables, supporting the importance of humor in positive psychology. Furthermore, although the VIA-IS Humor scale and positive humor styles on the HSQ showed considerable overlap, the negative humor styles added significantly to the prediction of outcome variables beyond these positive humor measures, supporting the importance of assessing maladaptive as well as adaptive uses of humor in research on positive psychology. These findings suggest that the HSQ may be a more useful measure than the VIA-IS Humor scale in future research in this field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document