scholarly journals Assessing Students’ Knowledge on WASH-Related Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaldoon A. Mourad ◽  
Vincent Habumugisha ◽  
Bolaji F. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Water-, sanitation-, and hygiene-related diseases are killing many people each year in developing countries, including Rwanda, and children under the age of five are the most vulnerable. This research assessed human waste disposal practices, knowledge on diseases caused by contact with human faeces, and knowledge on causes and prevention of selected WASH-related diseases. One thousand one hundred and seventy-three students were interviewed out of 2900 students. The results showed, regarding students’ waste disposal practices, that 96.3% use latrines, 20.5% practice open defecation in bushes, and 3.2% defecate in water bodies. Regarding knowledge on diseases caused by contact with human faeces, 56.9% responded that they were aware of cholera, 26.5% of diarrhoea, 2.2% of dysentery, 0.3% of malaria, 0.1% of shigellosis, and 3.8% of typhoid. The majority of the respondents, between 50–99%, could not identify the main causes of the WASH-related diseases. This paper also showed that students lack health knowledge in regard to WASH-related diseases’ causes and prevention. Therefore, the provision of water and sanitation infrastructures should go with the provision of health education on how to avoid these diseases and possible ways to improve the well-being of the students both at home and in their various schools.

scholarly journals Sexual health promotion for young people delivered via digital media: a scoping review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (13) ◽  
pp. 1-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bailey ◽  
Sue Mann ◽  
Sonali Wayal ◽  
Rachael Hunter ◽  
Caroline Free ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexual Health Education

BackgroundYoung people are at risk of poor sexual health and are, therefore, in need of comprehensive, effective sexual health education. Young people are confident and constant users of digital technology, such as the internet and mobile phones, and there are many innovative possibilities for sexual health education involving these technologies.ObjectivesTo summarise evidence on effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and mechanism of action of interactive digital interventions (IDIs) for sexual health; optimal practice for intervention development; contexts for successful implementation; research methods for digital intervention evaluation; and the future potential of sexual health promotion via digital media.DesignLiterature review of evidence on digital interventions for sexual health for young people, integrating the findings with the views of young people, parents and experts in digital media/sexual health. IDIs are defined as digital media programmes that provide health information and tailored decision support, behaviour-change support and/or emotional support. We focus on sexual well-being for young people aged 13–24 years in the UK.ResultsThere are many imaginative IDIs for sexual health promotion, but few interventions address issues that are important to young people, such as sexual pleasure and relationships. It is vital to collaborate with young people and to use Behaviour-Change Theory in designing interventions. We located 19 randomised controlled trials of IDIs for sexual health promotion for young people, finding a moderate effect on sexual health knowledge [standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 0.92], a small effect on confidence (self-efficacy) (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.20) and a positive effect on sexual behaviour (odds ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.61), but no significant effects on safer sex intention or biological outcomes. One study suggests that IDIs may be as good as face-to-face interventions for sexual health knowledge and safer sex intention. There are no existing data on the cost-effectiveness of IDIs for sexual health promotion. The impact of an IDI will be determined by the proportion of the target population reached, intervention efficacy, adoption in a setting, how well it is delivered and maintenance/sustainability. All of these elements must be addressed for IDIs to be successful. More collaboration is needed to capitalise on the knowledge of users and stakeholders, the design and software skills of the commercial sector and the theoretical expertise and evaluation skills of academia.ConclusionsIDIs are effective for knowledge acquisition and sexual behaviour, and could usefully contribute to sexual health education in schools, in clinic settings and online; however, there are obstacles to overcome, such as access to information technology and ensuring the quality and safety of interventions.Future workMore evidence is needed on the best designs for interventions (e.g. choice of behaviour-change mechanisms and interactive features) and the best models of delivery (e.g. setting, modes of delivery, methods of facilitation and support for engagement) to improve sexual behaviour, biological outcomes and sexual well-being in a cost-effective way.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

An 11-week school-based ‘health education through football programme’ improves health knowledge related to hygiene, nutrition, physical activity and well-being—and it’s fun! A scaled-up, cluster-RCT with over 3000 Danish school children aged 10–12 years old

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103097
Author(s):  
Malte Nejst Larsen ◽  
Anne-Marie Elbe ◽  
Mads Madsen ◽  
Esben Elholm Madsen ◽  
Christina Ørntoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Level ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Danish School

ObjectivesOur large-scale cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects on health knowledge and enjoyment of an 11 week ‘health education through football’ programme for children aged 10–12 years old.Methods3127 Danish school children (49% girls) aged 10–12 years from a total of 154 schools located in 63% of the Danish municipalities (69 of 98) took part in the analysis. A 5:1 cluster randomisation was performed at school level for the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). The twice-weekly 45 min intervention was the ‘11 for Health in Denmark’ programme, which includes health education, football drills and small-sided games. The health education element focused on hygiene, nutrition, physical activity and well-being. Outcomes: The participants completed a 34-item multiple-choice computer-based health knowledge questionnaire preintervention and postintervention. IG also evaluated whether the programme was enjoyable.ResultsBetween-group differences (p<0.05) were observed in overall health knowledge in favour of IG (+7.2% points, 95% CI 6.1% to 8.4%, effect size, ES:0.59), with similar effects for girls (+7.4% points, 95% CI 5.9% to 9.0%, ES:0.57) and for boys (+7.0% points, 95% CI 5.3% to 8.7%, p<0.05, ES:0.51). Marked between-group differences were observed in favour of IG, for health knowledge related to hygiene (IG vs CG:+13.9% points, 95% CI 11.1% to 16.7%, ES:0.53), nutrition (+10.3% points, 95% CI 8.5% to 12.1%, ES:0.53), physical activity (+5.9% points, 95% CI 4.1% to 7.7%, ES:0.36) and well-being (+4.4% points, 95% CI 2.7% to 6.1%, ES:0.28). Both girls and boys gave the programme moderate to high scores for enjoyment (3.6±1.0 and 3.7±1.1, respectively).ConclusionHealth education through sport, using the ‘11 for Health’ model, was enjoyable for girls and boys aged 10–12 years old, and improved health knowledge related to hygiene, nutrition, physical activity and well-being.

Sustainability of a sanitation program in flooded areas of the Brazilian Amazon

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecilia Rosinski Lima Gomes ◽  
Edila Arnaud Ferreira Moura ◽  
João Paulo Borges Pedro ◽  
Maria Mercês Bezerra ◽  
Otacílio Soares Brito
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Flooded Forests ◽  
Experimental Project ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Flooded Areas

Riverine populations that dwell in flooded forests (várzea) require suitable solutions for sanitation. An experimental project was started in 1998, using double-vault toilets in seasonally flooded houses in the Brazilian Amazon. The objective was to improve the health of inhabitants using adequate sanitation technology and health education. The focus of the present study was the assessment of that intervention. We compiled information from reports, local assessments, and interviews with users. In 2012, 14 years after the beginning of the project, 44% of the double-vault toilets were still in use. The main benefits noticed were awareness of the importance of toilets for reducing outdoor human waste and providing comfort, privacy, and safety for families. The sanitation project succeeded in reducing open defecation and raised the interest and demand for toilets. However, there is still a need for improving the construction of toilets and to better adapt them to flooded environments. We also include suggestions for improving the toilets and their use in flooded areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of wash practices among women in urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4846
Author(s):  
Radha Madhab Tripathy ◽  
Geeta Chand Acharya ◽  
Nivedita Karmee
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Background: Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is a pre- condition for people to acquire good health, well-being and benefit from economic development. WASH constitutes both provision of water and sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion. The study objective is to assess the practices and existing perceptions of water, sanitation and hygiene among women in urban slums of Berhampur.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 400 women (households) residing in urban slums of Berhampur from August2016-January 2017 by simple random sampling. Data was collected using a predesigned pretested questionnaire.Results: Out of the total, 62.3% respondents depended on public tap as major source of drinking water , 31.5% purified water before drinking , 68.5% allowed water to stand for a day before use , 86.5% practiced hand wash before meal , 33.2% practiced open defecation, 7% and74% used soap and water for handwashing before meal and after defecation respectively, 68.3% threw liquid wastes haphazardly, 59.8% threw solid wastes haphazardly into drains, 78.5% respondents children had a history of diarrhoea in the past 6 months and 86.8% had flies menace in their houses.Conclusions: Components such as purification of water (31.5%), open defecation (33.2%), hand washing with soap and water before meal (7%), indiscriminate disposal of waste suggest a long way to go to achieve the targets of SDG -6. Adequate IEC activities are needed for effective WASH Strategy implementation.

Reproductive Health Knowledge, Sexual Partners, Contraceptive Use and Motives for Premarital Sex among Female Sub-Urban Nigerian Secondary Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Moronkola ◽  
J. A. Fakeye
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health Knowledge

Adolescents in sub-Saharan African countries constitute a large proportion of the population. They are sexually active, engage in unsafe reproductive health behavior with attendant consequences but lack appropriate reproductive health education. In the Nigeria Nation Reproductive Health Strategy Framework and Plan, the status of adolescents' reproductive health care is considered low. This study assessed reproductive health knowledge, sexual partners, contraceptive use, and motives for premarital sex among female sub-urban Nigerian secondary students. The study was cross-sectional, involving 500 senior secondary 1 and 2 female sub-urban students. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS. More than 70.0% of the respondents had knowledge of all reproductive health items; male and female condoms were popular contraceptives. At least 53.4% were sexually active and a majority (49.6%) had boyfriends as sex partners. Peer pressure (31.6%) and fun/pleasure (29.2%) were major motives for engaging in premarital sex. Majority (40.3%) terminated pregnancies through self-medication. Though respondents had knowledge of reproductive health, there is need to introduce health education (incorporating reproductive health education) as a core subject in schools as well as provision of youth-friendly health facilities.

scholarly journals Effect of a health education intervention on intestinal parasitic infections in Bolivian children

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Lastrucci ◽  
M Spinicci ◽  
F Macchioni ◽  
S Gabrielli ◽  
A L Villagran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Health Education Intervention ◽  
Key Events

Abstract Backgrounds Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) are a major health issue for children of low- and middle-income countries. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices are crucial for preventing IPI. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based health education intervention on handwashing behavior and IPI prevalence in children Methods This is a randomized intervention trial in 8 primary schools in rural communities over the course of 3 school years; preliminary results from the first two years of the trial are here presented. Schools were randomly selected and assigned in a 1:1 ratio to intervention or control (no intervention) groups. For each school year, the intervention included 14 school-based educational sessions and 2 skit events, involving children aged 8-12 years. Knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire and handwashing at key events was assessed at the beginning and end of each school year. IPI prevalence was assessed with repeated cross-sectional parasitology surveys 12 months apart, involving a minimum of 50 children for each school Results At baseline, no significant differences between intervention and control schools were present in the proportion of children who washed their hands at key events (7.2% vs 9.3%, p = 0.28), in IPI (79.4% vs 75.3%, p = 0.3) and multiple parasitic infections (MPI) prevalences (47.6 vs. 38.6; p = 0.051). At the end of the second year, the percentage of children who washed their hands at key events was significantly higher in the intervention schools (75.4% vs 12.1%, p &lt; 0.001), and the prevalence of IPI and MPI in the intervention schools were respectively about 25% and 15% lower than in the control schools (respectively, 42.9% vs 67.8%, p &lt; 0.001; 16.1% vs 31.6%, p &lt; 0.001) Conclusions A school-based health education intervention could achieve significant changes in hand-washing behaviors and reduction in the prevalence of IPI in children. The third year survey results are needed to confirm these findings Key messages An health education intervention on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices can reduce the risk of IPI infection in children. An health education intervention on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices could be configured as a sustainable long-term approach to intestinal parasitic infections control in children.

scholarly journals Health Education Intervention on Hearing Health Risk Behaviors in College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Dahui Wang ◽  
Chenhui Li ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Shichang Wang ◽  
Shuang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Education Intervention ◽  
Hearing Health ◽  
Belief Model

Young people, like college students, are at risk of hearing loss from prolonged and excessive exposure to loud sounds. However, behavioral interventional studies on them are inadequate. This study explored the application of a health belief model to the health education intervention on college students for improving hearing health knowledge, health belief, and hearing behaviors. From November 2017 to September 2018, a cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted, enrolling 830 college students, with 419 in the intervention group and 411 in the control group. The intervention group received a 3-month hearing health education, while the control group received no intervention. The information of hearing health knowledge, health belief, and hearing behaviors were collected using hearing health questionnaires before the intervention, after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention cessation. The intervention significantly improved hearing health knowledge, health belief, perceived severity, and self-efficacy in female students, and effectively reduced the frequency of using headphones per day, duration of using headphones each time, and proportion of using headphones at high volume in female students, and reduced the behaviors of sleeping with headphones listening in females and males. Therefore, this study confirms the effectiveness of health belief model-based intervention for changing hearing loss-related risk behaviors.

How do Iranian female adolescents express their health education needs? A needs assessment with qualitative thematic analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Shahhosseini ◽  
Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Education Needs

Abstract Background: Adolescent girls have little knowledge about health information, especially about more sensitive issues. We know little about the perspectives of adolescents about their educational health needs. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of Iranian female adolescents about their educational health needs. Subjects: The study participants were 67 female adolescents aged 12–19 years currently in junior high and high schools in the city of Sari, located in northern Iran. Methods: The present study is a qualitative study of thematic analysis. The 67 female adolescents participated in eight focus group discussions (FGDs). The participants were selected from schools in Mazandaran, Iran. The sampling methods were purposeful sampling and a maximum variance sampling method. All tape-recorded data was fully transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed to identify key themes. Results: The findings of this research around adolescent health education needs emphasized four overarching themes, including appropriate content, suitable method, well-informed sources and an appropriate age for education. Conclusion: Our results show that the promotion of reproductive health knowledge and life skills are the most important health education needs. Education about these issues via parents, schools and health care providers could promote the health status of adolescents.

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