scholarly journals Suicide Trends over Time by Occupation in Korea and Their Relationship to Economic Downturns

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ha Yoon ◽  
Sun Jae Jung ◽  
Jaesung Choi ◽  
Mo-Yeol Kang
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender

We analyzed suicide mortality by occupation using administrative data from 1993 to 2016. Methods: National death records from 1993 to 2016 of the Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO) were used. Suicidal death was taken from Korean Classification of Disease codes as intentional self-harm (X60–X84) and sequelae of intentional self-harm (Y870). Occupational groups were categorized into “Manager,” “Officer,” ”Service-Trade,” “Agricultural-Fishery-Forestry” (AFF), “Skilled Manual,” and “Unskilled Manual.” Direct standardized mortality (DSM) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Overall, suicide rates increased during economic downturns, especially among lower socio-economic occupation classes. Both DSM and SMR were highest in AFF, followed by Unskilled Manual, Service-Trade, Officer, Skilled Manual, and Manager categories among men, whereas women showed the highest DSM and SMR in AFF, followed by Service-Trade, Officer, Unskilled Manual, Manager, and Skilled Manual categories. The age-stratified analysis showed that age groups with increasing trends in suicide differed according to occupation and gender. In certain occupational groups, the time-point prevalence fluctuated with socio-economic background in suicidal mortality and differed by age and gender.

Non-Suicidal Deaths Following Hospital-Treated Self-Poisoning

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Carter ◽  
David M. Reith ◽  
Ian M. Whyte ◽  
Michelle Mcpherson
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objective: To quantify the non-suicidal mortality subsequent to hospital treated selfpoisoning, and to identify risk factors for non-suicidal death. Method: A prospective longitudinal cohort design was used, with data-linkage between the Hunter Area Toxicology Service database and the National Death Index. All patients with deliberate self-poisoning for a 10-year period (1991–2000) were studied and the first episode in the period was used as the index episode. The outcomes were: accidental, ‘natural’ and non-suicidal death, with follow-up for the study duration. Results: There were 4044 patients studied, and 170 (4.2%) of these had non-suicidal death; 64 were accidental and 106 were ‘natural’ cause deaths. The standardized mortality ratio (95% CI) for non-suicidal death for males, females and combined were 4.98 (4.08–6.07), 3.78 (3.0–4.75) and 4.20 (3.62–4.88), respectively. The increased mortality was apparent for both males and females, and was more marked in the younger age groups. For non-suicidal death the adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for increased risk were: increasing age 1.07 (1.06–1.08), male gender 1.77 (1.24–2.52), psychiatric diagnosis of substance related disorder 1.49 (1.03–2.16), prescription of a respiratory drug 2.69 (1.31–5.55), and prescription of an antidiabetic drug 1.95 (0.93–4.07), while psychiatric diagnosis of adjustment disorder 0.64 (0.38–1.053) was associated with decreased risk. Conclusions: Patients who present with self-poisoning have increased mortality from accidental and ‘natural’ causes. Long-term treatment goals for these patients need to address non-suicide mortality in addition to suicide mortality.

scholarly journals Lithium in Public Drinking Water and Suicide Mortality in Portugal: Initial Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Oliveira ◽  
Joana Zagalo ◽  
Nuno Madeira ◽  
Orquídia Neves
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Public Drinking Water ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Public Drinking ◽  
Roman Catholics

Introduction: Lithium can be found naturally in drinking water. There is some evidence that natural levels of lithium in drinking water may have a protective effect on suicide mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate if higher natural concentrations of lithium in public drinking water are associated with lower local rates of suicide in Portugal.Material and Methods: Suicide standardized mortality ratios at 54 Portuguese municipalities within the 6-year period from 2011 to 2016 was correlated with lithium concentrations in public drinking water and socioeconomic factors using Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) with one-tailed tests. Multivariate regression models were adjusted for well-known socioeconomic factors known to influence suicide mortality in Portugal (population density, average income per capita, unemployment rates and proportion of Roman Catholics).Results: The average lithium level, as evidenced by raw values for 54 municipalities, was 10.88 μg/L (standard deviation = 27.18). There was no statistically significant correlation between lithium levels and suicide standardized mortality ratio (r = 0.001, p-value = 0.996). There was a statistically significant higher suicide standardized mortality ratio for males (p-value = 0.000). When analyzed separately for both sexes, no statistically significant correlation between suicide standardized mortality ratio and lithium levels was found (male r = 0.024, p-value = 0.862; female r = 0.000, p-value = 0.999). No association between suicide standardized mortality ratio and socioeconomic factors was found: population density (r = -0.144, p-value = 0.300), average income per capita (r = -0.112, p-value = 0.418), unemployment rates (r = -0.001, p-value = 0.994), and proportion of Roman Catholics (r =- 0.150, p-value = 0.278).Discussion: Unlike most international studies regarding natural lithium levels and suicide risk, no inverse relation was found in Portugal. Factors such as the country’s low suicide rate, confunding suicide risk variables, and unaccounted lithium intake might have influenced these findings.Conclusions: No association between lithium in public drinking water and suicide rates was found in Portugal.

scholarly journals Profile of Fatal Suicide in Iran: A Report From the Iranian Forensic Medicine Between 2016 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Amirhosein Mahdavi ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Mehran Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Self Immolation ◽  
Age Range

The suicide rate among the Iranian population has increased over the past few decades. Descriptive information about this public health challenge could inform health policymakers to prioritize prevention strategies. We described the last updated data from the Iranian forensic medicine between 2016 and 2018. We obtained the data on the fatal suicide cases from the national suicide registry of the Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization (FMO), validated by death certificates and harmonized for epidemiologic studies. This study included 9,021 nationally registered suicide deaths from March 21, 2016, to March 20, 2018. A descriptive statistical approach was used to present the findings. Of 9,021 registered suicide deaths with age range between 10 to 94 years [median=31], 44.6% [n=4,015] was in the category of ≤ 29, 48.0% [n=4,328] between 30 to 59, and 7.4% (n=666) in the category of ≥ 60 years old. The percentage of fatal suicide was obviously higher in men (71.2%, n=6,424). Hanging was the most common method of suicide, both among men (57.7%, n=3706) and women (37.6%, n=976). The frequency of fatal suicide was significantly higher in married than single cases (52.6% vs. 42.9%). Overall, at the national level, the most common suicide method was hanging (51.9%), followed by self-poisoning (25.8%) and self-immolation (6.8%). We found evidence of age- and gender differences in suicide mortality across the country. Men, people in younger age groups, and married couples could be considered as the target population for preventive interventions in Iran.

scholarly journals Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan: Secondary Data Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Mohannad Al Nsour
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Excess Deaths

BACKGROUND All-cause mortality and estimates of excess deaths are commonly used in different countries to estimate the burden of COVID-19 and assess its direct and indirect effects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan in April-December 2020. METHODS Official data on deaths in Jordan for 2020 and previous years (2016-2019) were obtained from the Department of Civil Status. We contrasted mortality rates in 2020 with those in each year and the pooled period 2016-2020 using a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) measure. Expected deaths for 2020 were estimated by fitting the overdispersed Poisson generalized linear models to the monthly death counts for the period of 2016-2019. RESULTS Overall, a 21% increase in standardized mortality (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19-1.22) occurred in April-December 2020 compared with the April-December months in the pooled period 2016-2019. The SMR was more pronounced for men than for women (SMR 1.26, 95% CI 1.24-1.29 vs SMR 1.12, 95% CI 1.10-1.14), and it was statistically significant for both genders (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Using overdispersed Poisson generalized linear models, the number of expected deaths in April-December 2020 was 12,845 (7957 for women and 4888 for men). The total number of excess deaths during this period was estimated at 4583 (95% CI 4451-4716), with higher excess deaths in men (3112, 95% CI 3003-3221) than in women (1503, 95% CI 1427-1579). Almost 83.66% of excess deaths were attributed to COVID-19 in the Ministry of Health database. The vast majority of excess deaths occurred in people aged 60 years or older. CONCLUSIONS The reported COVID-19 death counts underestimated mortality attributable to COVID-19. Excess deaths could reflect the increased deaths secondary to the pandemic and its containment measures. The majority of excess deaths occurred among old age groups. It is, therefore, important to maintain essential services for the elderly during pandemics.

scholarly journals The Use of Joinpoint Regression Analysis in the Mortality Study of Developmental Age Population in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, 2003–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Genowska ◽  
Jacek Jamiołkowski ◽  
Magdalena Zalewska ◽  
Ewa Rodakowska ◽  
Kamila Kurpiewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The youngest population in society is recognized as that at the healthiest stage of life but is burdened by the occurrence of premature death that should be avoidable. There is a need to use adequate statistical methods in assessing the health status of the population of developmental age. The aim of the study was to analyze trends of mortality in children and adolescents by age and gender in the Podlaskie Voivodeship in the years 2003-2012 by joinpoint regression and to identify the causes of mortality. The mortality rate was analysed according to gender and the age groups: 0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 years in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The data were obtained from the Central Statistical Office for the period 2003-2012. Differences in mortality levels between age and gender subgroups were obtained by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Join- point regression was used to analyze the trends in mortality. The nomenclature of ICD-10 was used to assess the causes of mortality of children and adolescents. In the Podlaskie Voivodeship in the years 2003-2012 in the 0-19-year-old age group, the highest proportion of deaths (42.4%) occurred during the first year of life. There were differences in mortality rates between boys (8.0/104) and girls (3.1/104) in the 15-19-year-old age group (p < 0.01), and also between the 1-14-year-old and 15-19-year-old age groups (p < 0.01), both among boys (2.1/104 vs. 8.0/104) and girls (1.5/104 vs. 3.1/104). Monotonous trends were shown regarding total mortality rates in infants. There was a drop in the mortality rate of infant girls (AAPC = 5.3%, p < 0.05) and boys (AAPC = 4.7%, p < 0.05). Changes in the direction of the total mortality rate trend were visible in the population of boys aged 1-14 years, in which, between 2003 and 2010, a significant reduction in mortality (AAPC = 9.5%) was observed, while in the years 2010-2012 the trend was not significant. No statistical evidence was found that mortality changed among girls in the 1-14-year-old and 15-19-year-old age groups. Deaths in infancy were due to perinatal conditions and congenital mal- formations. The main causes of mortality in the 1-19-year-old age group were external causes, mainly traffic accidents and intentional self-harm. Joinpoint regression indicated a uniform decrease of mortality in the years 2003-2012 except for boys from 1-14 years old, for whom the decreasing trend was for the years 2003-2010 with subsequent stabilization. The main problems are still infant deaths due to perinatal conditions, traffic accidents and intentional self-harm in boys in the 15-19-year-old age group.

scholarly journals The sex ratio of pneumonia mortality

1944 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-327
Author(s):  
W. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Local Characteristic ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Mortality Ratio

The size of the mortality sex ratio from pneumonia depends upon several factors which exert varying pressure with age, since it was shown for the London boroughs that the relative male risk was not high or low throughout life but displayed considerable variations.In infancy social conditions have little effect upon the ratio, and there was no association with the degree of urbanization. In London the correlations with the indices of density became insignificant when the infant death-rate from pneumonia was kept constant. The male infant risk increases with the prevalence of the disease, and significant correlations were obtained when the indices of overcrowding were kept constant.In childhood the size of the mortality sex ratio is not related to urbanization. The conditions operating for a high male mortality in childhood varies from those in infancy, since, for the eighty-three county boroughs, there was no correlation between the two ratios.For the age group 15–65, in which the male pneumonia rate was twice that for females, there was a distinct association with degree of urbanization. In the London boroughs the mortality sex ratio was unrelated to social and economic conditions when the usual indices, the proportion of the population living more than two to a room, and the proportion of males in social class V were used. That environmental conditions had little effect on the ratio is also suggested by the experience of the mining communities which showed little difference in the mortality sex ratio between the county boroughs and urban districts. The rural mining areas were in agreement with the urban when allowance was made for the agricultural workers in these districts. In London there was a small significant correlation between the sex ratio and the pneumonia mortality sex ratio, indicating that the residential or industrial character of the borough was associated with the mortality ratio. Some support for this is given by the county boroughs where high ratios were found in the industrial towns and low ratios in the residential towns. Some occupations involve a direct risk of pneumonia, i.e. furnacemen, rollermen, etc., and others have a more indirect risk, e.g. inn-keepers, hotel-keepers, etc. Although the prognosis of pneumonia is affected by previous indulgence in alcohol, the effect of this factor can only be a matter of speculation. The mortality sex ratio from pneumonia in the three occupations in which a higher proportion of heavy drinkers are found than in the general population, inn-keepers, hotel-keepers, etc., barmen, etc., makers of alcoholic drinks, all of which have a high standardized mortality ratio from pneumonia, form an interesting progression. These values were 247, 394, and 1200, but the number of deaths among wives in the last two groups, 5 and 2, was so small that the ratios are really of no value. Yet there is, perhaps, an indication that as the opportunity for the wives to indulge in heavy drinking decreases with each class the mortality sex ratio from pneumonia increases. This factor of alcoholic indulgence probably operates in most occupations, and since the proportion of heavy drinkers is larger among men than among women, it would be necessary for only a small proportion of men to carry a heavy risk of pneumonia mortality to effect a large increase in the mortality sex ratio. It seems that the factors responsible for the relatively high male mortality from pneumonia, in this age group, were an occupational risk and the habits of the males.In old age, as with the young age groups, there was no association with degree of urbanization. The mortality sex ratios of the London boroughs showed evidence of a geographical distribution. This was apparently a local characteristic, since the ratio of the county boroughs did not show any tendency to vary geographically.

scholarly journals Mortality and suicide after self-harm: community cohort study in Taiwan

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent C. H. Chen ◽  
Happy K. L. Tan ◽  
Chung-Ying Chen ◽  
Tony H. H. Chen ◽  
Long-Ren Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
First Year ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Sample Support ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Major Target

BackgroundLittle is known about outcomes after self-harm in East Asia.AimsTo investigate mortality after self-harm in a Taiwanese population.MethodBetween 2000 and 2003, 1083 individuals who self-harmed were identified through a population self-harm register in Nantou County, Taiwan, and followed until 2007 for date and cause of death on a national mortality database.ResultsIn total, 145 individuals died, 48 through suicide. The risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in the first year were 4.7% and 2.1% respectively, representing 8- and 131-fold age- and gender-standardised increases. Male gender and older age were independent risk factors for both suicide and non-suicide mortality. Use of more lethal methods in the index episode was associated with higher mortality but this was accounted for by gender.ConclusionsResults in this sample support the recommendation that people with a history of recent self-harm should be a major target for suicide prevention programmes.

Comparative Epidemiology of Suicide in South Korea and Japan: Effects of Age, Gender and Suicide Methods

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Yi Kim ◽  
Myoung-Hee Kim ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
Youngtae Cho
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course

Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality in both South Korea and Japan. Aims: The study aims to compare the descriptive epidemiology of suicide over the last two decades (1985–2006) and to explore the conditions associated with the different distribution of suicides in both countries. Methods: Age-standardized suicide rates were obtained from the OECD Health Data 2009. Age-specific suicide rates for the age groups were calculated from the WHO Mortality Database. Suicide methods were identified based on ICD-10. Results: Through 1980–2000, Japan showed consistently higher suicide rates compared to Korea. However, from the mid-1990s, Korea showed an acute increase of suicides and finally surpassed Japan; the age-standardized suicide rate of Korea increased from 10.2 (per 100,000) in 1985 to 21.5 in 2006, while it slightly increased from 18.4 to 19.1 in Japan. The highest age-specific suicide rate was observed among Japanese men aged 45–64 years and Korean men aged over 64 years. The increase of elderly suicides among Korean women was notable. The gender ratio increased in Japan and decreased in Korea, respectively. The preferred suicide methods were hanging and pesticide poisoning in Korea and hanging in Japan. Because of the limited number of observations, hypothesis testing of specific risk factors was not possible. Conclusions: Age and gender distribution of suicide rates differed considerably between the two countries. Welfare protection throughout the life course in both countries, and pesticide regulation in Korea would be helpful in reducing the burden of suicide mortality in both countries, even if the social values could not be changed in a short time.

Age-specific suicide mortality following non-fatal self-harm: national cohort study in Sweden

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tidemalm ◽  
K. Beckman ◽  
M. Dahlin ◽  
M. Vaez ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Self Harm

Background.Possible age-related differences in risk of completed suicide following non-fatal self-harm remain unexplored. We examined associations between self-harm and completed suicide across age groups of self-harming patients, and whether these associations varied by violent index method, presence of mental disorder, and repeated self-harm.Method.The design was a cohort study with linked national registers in Sweden. The study population comprised individuals aged ⩾10 years hospitalized during 1990–1999 due to non-fatal self-harm (n = 53 843; 58% females) who were followed for 9–19 years. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) across age groups (age at index self-harm episode), with time to completed suicide as outcome.Results.The 1-year HR for suicide among younger males (10–19 years) was 14.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.1–51.9] for violent method and 8.4 (95% CI 1.8–40.0) for mental disorder. By contrast, none of the three potential risk factors increased the 1-year risks in the youngest females. Among patients aged ⩾20 years, the 1-year HR for violent method was 4.6 (95% CI 3.8–5.4) for males and 10.4 (95% CI 8.3–13.0) for females. HRs for repeated self-harm during years 2–9 of follow-up were higher in 10- to 19-year-olds (males: HR 4.0, 95% CI 2.0–7.8; females: HR 3.7, 95% CI 2.1–6.5). The ⩾20 years age groups had higher HRs than the youngest, particularly for females and especially within 1 year.Conclusions.Violent method and mental disorder increase the 1-year suicide risk in young male self-harm patients. Further, violent method increases suicide risk within 1 year in all age and gender groups except the youngest females. Repeated self-harm may increase the long-term risk more in young patients. These aspects should be accounted for in clinical suicide risk assessment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document