scholarly journals Comparison of Growth Curve Estimates of Infants in São Tomé Island, Africa, with the WHO Growth Standards: A Birth Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Garzón ◽  
Ana Luísa Papoila ◽  
Marta Alves ◽  
Luís Pereira-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Postnatal Environment

This birth cohort study compared the infant growth curve estimates in São Tomé Island to the WHO growth standards. Despite this island belonging to a lower-middle-income country, there were several factors favorable for growth that were present. Four-hundred and seventy-five full-term singleton appropriate for-gestational-age infants were enrolled and followed-up to 24 months of age. Weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, body mass index-for-age, head circumference-for-age, weight velocity, and length velocity curves were estimated and compared to the WHO standards. In the first 6 months of age, the weight gain was adequate in the presence of a high prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. Thereafter, weight trajectories tracked close to the WHO standards, except for a progressive decline in the infants growing in higher percentiles, especially in girls. Median length at birth was below the median WHO standards, followed by an early postnatal velocity spurt, which probably reflected the transition from an unfavorable to a more favorable postnatal environment. Thereafter, linear growth faltering was observed without relevant deterioration up to 24 months of age, which was probably due to the presence of protective factors. These results may be useful to implement strategies to further approximate infant growth in São Tomé Island to the WHO standards.

Effect of Breastfeeding Duration on Infant Growth Until 18 Months of Age: A National Birth Cohort Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sing-Chung Li ◽  
Shu-Chen Kuo ◽  
Ying-Ying Hsu ◽  
Shio-Jean Lin ◽  
Pau-Chung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

scholarly journals Methodological aspects of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Gomes Victora ◽  
Cora Luiza Pavin Araújo ◽  
Ana Maria Batista Menezes ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal ◽  
Maria de Fátima Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Methodological Aspects

This paper describes the main methodological aspects of a cohort study, with emphasis on its recent phases, which may be relevant to investigators planning to carry out similar studies. In 1993, a population based study was launched in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. All 5,249 newborns delivered in the city's hospitals were enrolled, and sub-samples were visited at the ages of one, three and six months and of one and four years. In 2004-5 it was possible to trace 87.5% of the cohort at the age of 10-12 years. Sub-studies are addressing issues related to oral health, psychological development and mental health, body composition, and ethnography. Birth cohort studies are essential for investigating the early determinants of adult disease and nutritional status, yet few such studies are available from low and middle-income countries where these determinants may differ from those documented in more developed settings.

scholarly journals Early childhood cognitive development is affected by interactions among illness, diet, enteropathogens and the home environment: findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e000752 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Enteric Infections

BackgroundMillions of children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at risk of not reaching their full cognitive potential. Malnutrition and enteric infections in early life are implicated as risk factors; however, most studies on these risks and their associations with cognitive development have failed to adequately account for confounding factors or the accumulation of putative insults. Here, we examine the interaction between infections and illness on cognitive development in LMIC community settings.MethodsAs part of the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) longitudinal birth cohort study, children from eight LMICs were followed from birth to 24 months to understand the influence of repeated enteric infections on child growth and development. Here, data from six sites were employed to evaluate associations between infection, illness, the home environment, micronutrient intake and status, maternal reasoning, and cognitive development at 24 months.ResultsHigher rates of enteropathogen detection and days with illness were associated with lower haemoglobin concentrations, which in turn were associated with lower cognitive scores at 24 months. Children with lower environmental health/safety scores and lower intakes of vitamin B6 and folate had more enteropathogen detections and illness. Strength of associations varied by weight-for-age in the first 17 days of life; lower weight infants were more susceptible to the negative effects of enteropathogens and illness.ConclusionsEnteropathogens were negatively related to child cognitive development. However, other factors were more strongly associated with child cognition. Targeting of interventions to improve cognitive development should include a focus on reducing frequency of illness, improving the safety and healthfulness of the child’s environment, and improving dietary intake.

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