scholarly journals Faecal Pathogen Flows and Their Public Health Risks in Urban Environments: A Proposed Approach to Inform Sanitation Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Mills ◽  
Juliet Willetts ◽  
Susan Petterson ◽  
Cynthia Mitchell ◽  
Guy Norman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Public Health Risks

scholarly journals Designer Benzodiazepines: A Review of Toxicology and Public Health Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Pietro Brunetti ◽  
Raffaele Giorgetti ◽  
Adriano Tagliabracci ◽  
Marilyn A. Huestis ◽  
Francesco Paolo Busardò
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Drug Offense ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Designer Benzodiazepines

The rising use of designer benzodiazepines (DBZD) is a cat-and-mouse game between organized crime and law enforcement. Non-prohibited benzodiazepines are introduced onto the global drug market and scheduled as rapidly as possible by international authorities. In response, DBZD are continuously modified to avoid legal sanctions and drug seizures and generally to increase the abuse potential of the DBZD. This results in an unpredictable fluctuation between the appearance and disappearance of DBZD in the illicit market. Thirty-one DBZD were considered for review after consulting the international early warning database, but only 3-hydroxyphenazepam, adinazolam, clonazolam, etizolam, deschloroetizolam, diclazepam, flualprazolam, flubromazepam, flubromazolam, meclonazepam, phenazepam and pyrazolam had sufficient data to contribute to this scoping review. A total of 49 reports describing 1 drug offense, 2 self-administration studies, 3 outpatient department admissions, 44 emergency department (ED) admissions, 63 driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and 141 deaths reported between 2008 and 2021 are included in this study. Etizolam, flualprazolam flubromazolam and phenazepam were implicated in the majority of adverse-events, drug offenses and deaths. However, due to a general lack of knowledge of DBZD pharmacokinetics and toxicity, and due to a lack of validated analytical methods, total cases are much likely higher. Between 2019 and April 2020, DBZD were identified in 48% and 83% of postmortem and DUID cases reported to the UNODC, respectively, with flualprazolam, flubromazolam and etizolam as the most frequently detected substances. DBZD toxicology, public health risks and adverse events are reported.

Metal Contamination of Oman Sea Seaweed and Its Associated Public Health Risks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Shahri ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Sayadi ◽  
Elham Yousefi ◽  
Mozhgan Savabieasfehani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Oman Sea

scholarly journals The Minimization of Public Health Risks in Newspapers after Hurricane Katrina

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisia L. Cohen ◽  
Santosh Vijaykumar ◽  
Ricardo Wray ◽  
Ajlina Karamehic-Muratovic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Public Health Risks

scholarly journals Raw and Heat-Treated Milk: From Public Health Risks to Nutritional Quality

Beverages ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Melini ◽  
Valentina Melini ◽  
Francesca Luziatelli ◽  
Maurizio Ruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Heat Treated

Temporal variability of enterococci and associated sources at three subtropical recreational beaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
Claudia Esmeralda León-López ◽  
José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga ◽  
Gustavo Padilla-Arredondo ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Chávez-Villalba ◽  
Renato Arturo Mendoza-Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Recreational Beaches ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract We have examined enterococci concentrations in water and sand (dry and wet) at three semi-arid subtropical recreational beaches to assess public health risks. To determine the concentration of enterococci, water and sand samples were collected before, during and after the Easter Week (when the largest influx of users occurs), and in the wintertime. The lowest concentrations (< 100 MPN 100 ml-1) were recorded before the Easter Week, the highest concentrations (> 1500 MPN 100 ml-1) during and after the Easter Week, and concentrations < 500 MPN 100 ml-1 in the wintertime. Enterococci concentrations in sand were generally < 200 MPN 100 ml-1. Variability in enterococci concentrations can be explained by the influx of users during the Easter Week, rainfall runoff and the increase in water temperature after the Easter Week, as well as by winds and the presence of dogs and birds in the wintertime. The highest health risks occur during and after the Easter Week.

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