scholarly journals Risk Factors for Mortality among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Following Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwestern Ethiopia: An Assessment through Survival Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinberu Seyoum ◽  
Jean-Marie Degryse ◽  
Yehenew Kifle ◽  
Ayele Taye ◽  
Mulualem Tadesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Intestinal Microsporidiosis Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Sana’a City, Yemen: First Report on Prevalence and Predictors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwkab A. R. Al-Barhami ◽  
Rashad Abdul-Ghani ◽  
Salah A. Al-Qobati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Intestinal Microsporidiosis ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Intestinal microsporidiosis is an opportunistic infection associated with persistent diarrhea among HIV/AIDS patients. In Yemen, however, its epidemiology is unknown. Therefore, this study determined its prevalence and predictors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Sana'a city, Yemen.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 402 patients receiving ART at Al-Jomhori Educational Hospital in Sana'a from November 2019 to December 2020. Data about demographics, clinical characteristics and risk factors were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and examined for microsporidian spores using the Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun staining. Blood samples were also collected and used for CD4 cell counting by flow cytometry. Univariate analysis was used to test the association of patients’ characteristics and risk factors with intestinal microsporidiosis. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify the independent predictors of infection. Statistical significance was considered at P-values <0.05. Results: Intestinal microsporidiosis was prevalent among 14.2% (57/402) of HIV/AIDS patients but was not significantly associated with any of the studied demographics, source of drinking water, bathing and/or swimming outdoors, contact with soil, presence of domestic animals or indiscriminate defecation. However, it was significantly associated with diarrhea (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.7–6.6; P=0.001) and <200 CD4 cells/µl (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.5–5.0; P=0.001). The significant independent predictors of infection were <200 CD4 cells/µl (AOR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.5–6.9; P=0.003), not washing hands after contacting soil (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.4; P=0.026) and before eating (AOR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.5–6.4; P=0.003), eating unwashed raw produce (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.3; P=0.017) and absence of indoor latrines (AOR=6.2, 95% CI: 1.5–25.9; P=0.012).Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients in Sana'a is high and comparable to that several other countries, being prevalent among approximately 14.0% of patients and significantly associated with diarrhea. It could be predicted among patients who have <200 CD4 cells/µl, poor hand hygiene after contacting soil and before eating, usually eat unwashed raw produce and do not possess indoor latrines. Large-scale studies on its epidemiology and predictors among HIV/AIDS patients across the country are warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of AIDS-defining events at initiation of antiretroviral therapy on long-term mortality of HIV/AIDS patients in southwestern China: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxuan Huang ◽  
Oulu Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Zheng ◽  
Yuexiang Xu ◽  
Yi Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of AIDS-defining events (ADE) on long-term mortality of HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), a retrospective HIV/AIDS treatment cohort study was performed in southwestern China. Methods The cohort was established based on HIV/AIDS patients on ART recruited in Guigang city, Guangxi, China, from January 2004 to December 2018. Participants were divided into ADE and non-ADE groups, and were followed-up every six months to observe treatment outcomes. Comparison of mortality between groups was performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to explore the risk factors of mortality. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance confounding factors and adjust the mortality risk. Results Of 6,757 participants with 29,096.06 person-years of follow-up, 16.86% (1,139/6,757) belonged to ADE group while the others (83.14%) belonged to the non-ADE group. The most common cause of death by ADE was disseminated mycosis (31.65%), followed by recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia (28.48%), herpes zoster(17.72%), and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (8.86%). The mortality of the ADE group was significantly higher than that of the non-ADE group [3.45/100 person-years (95% CI: 2.92-3.97) vs. 2.34/100 person-years (95%CI: 2.15-2.52), P<0.001]. The death risk of the ADE group was also higher than that of the non- ADE group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) =1.291, 95% CI: 1.061-1.571, P =0.011], which was confirmed by PSM analysis (aHR=1.581, 95% CI: 1.192-2.099, P =0.002). Cox analysis indicated that ADE, older age, male gender, previous non-use of cotrimoxazole, advanced WHO clinical stage, and low baseline CD4+ cell count were the risk factors for death. Conclusions Even on ART, the mortality risk of HIV positive individuals with ADE was higher than those without ADE. Active testing, earlier diagnosis, and timely therapy with ART may reduce the death risk of ADE.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients on HAART

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Shey Nsagha ◽  
Jules Clement Nguedia Assob ◽  
Anna Longdoh Njunda ◽  
Elvis Asangbeng Tanue ◽  
Odette Dzemo Kibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background :The introduction and widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy referred to as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid 1990’s, has led HIV-infected individuals to experience a dramatic decline in immunodeficiency-related events and death. There is growing concern on metabolic complications associated with HIV and HAART which may increase cardiovascular risk and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular risk profile of HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART and those not receiving HAART at HIV/AIDS treatment centres in the South West Region of Cameroon.Methods :Consenting participants, who had been receiving HAART, were compared with HAART naive participants. A questionnaire was administered; anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were recorded under standard conditions. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of plasma glucose and lipid levels.Results :Two hundred and fifteen participants were recruited, 160 (74.4%) were on HAART and 55 (25.6%) were HAART naive. Among the individual lipid abnormalities, increased total cholesterol was the most prevalent (40.0%). Participants on HAART were significantly about 8 times at risk of developing hypercholesterolemia when compared to the HAART inexperienced group (OR 8.17; 95% CI: 3.31-20.14; p<0.001). Hypertension had a prevalence of 25.6% (95% CI: 15.3%-35.9%) and was about 2 times significantly higher in the HAART treated than the HAART untreated group (p=0.033). The prevalence of low HDL-c was significantly higher in males (24.1%) compared to females (11.2%) (p=0.0196). Many females (27.3%) were obese compared to males (7.4%) (p=0.0043). HAART use and treatment duration of more than five years were significantly associated with higher prevalence of CVD risk factors.Conclusion :HAART treatment was associated with significantly higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, increased LDL-c and hypertension, hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Intestinal microsporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Sana’a city, Yemen: first report on prevalence and predictors

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwkab A. R. Al-Brhami ◽  
Rashad Abdul‑Ghani ◽  
Salah A. Al-Qobati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Intestinal Microsporidiosis ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Intestinal microsporidiosis is an opportunistic infection associated with persistent diarrhea among HIV/AIDS patients. In Yemen, however, its epidemiology is unknown. Therefore, this study determined its prevalence and predictors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Sana’a city, the capital of Yemen. Methods This cross-sectional study included 402 patients receiving ART at Al-Jomhori Educational Hospital in Sana’a from November 2019 to December 2020. Data about demographics, clinical characteristics and risk factors were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and examined for microsporidian spores using the Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun staining. Blood samples were also collected and used for CD4 cell counting by flow cytometry. Univariate analysis was used to test the association of patients’ characteristics and risk factors with intestinal microsporidiosis. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify the independent predictors of infection. Statistical significance was considered at P-values < 0.05. Results Intestinal microsporidiosis was prevalent among 14.2% (57/402) of HIV/AIDS patients and was significantly associated with diarrhea (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7–6.6; P = 0.001). The significant independent predictors of infection were < 200 CD4 cells/µl (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5–6.9; P = 0.003), not washing hands after contacting soil (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.4; P = 0.026) and before eating (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.4; P = 0.003), eating unwashed raw produce (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.3; P = 0.017) and absence of indoor latrines (AOR 6.2, 95% CI 1.5–25.9; P = 0.012). Conclusions The prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients in Sana'a is high and comparable to that reported from several other countries, being prevalent among approximately 14.0% of patients and significantly associated with diarrhea. It could be predicted among patients who have < 200 CD4 cells/µl, have poor hand hygiene after contacting soil and before eating, usually eat unwashed raw produce, or do not possess indoor latrines. Large-scale studies on its epidemiology and predictors among HIV/AIDS patients across the country are warranted.

Correlation between metabolic syndrome and relative telomere length shortening in HIV/AIDS patients on combined antiretroviral therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 111269
Author(s):  
Gordana Dragović ◽  
Mladen Andjić ◽  
Boško Toljić ◽  
Djordje Jevtović ◽  
Relja Lukić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Relative Telomere Length ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Aids

Serological Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis and Related Risk Factors Among HIV+/AIDS Patients in Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Rafati-Sajedi ◽  
Bijan Majidi-Shad ◽  
Reza Jafari-Shakib ◽  
Zahra Atrkar-Roshan ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document