scholarly journals Climate Change and West Nile Virus in a Highly Endemic Region of North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3052-3071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Emily Jenkins ◽  
Tasha Epp ◽  
Cheryl Waldner ◽  
Philip Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North America ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
West Nile

West Nile Virus new to North America

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
William E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North America ◽  
West Nile

Early Evening Questing and Oviposition Activity by the Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) Vectors of West Nile Virus in Northeastern North America

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Reddy ◽  
Timothy J. Lepore ◽  
Richard J. Pollack ◽  
Anthony E. Kiszewski ◽  
Andrew Spielman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North America ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Early Evening

Improving the prediction of arbovirus outbreaks: A comparison of climate-driven models for West Nile virus in an endemic region of the United States

Acta Tropica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin K. Davis ◽  
Geoffrey P. Vincent ◽  
Michael B. Hildreth ◽  
Lon Kightlinger ◽  
Christopher Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Devastates an American Crow Population

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolee Caffrey ◽  
Shauna C. R. Smith ◽  
Tiffany J. Weston
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
West Nile ◽  
American Crow ◽  
Corvus Brachyrhynchos ◽  
American Crows

Abstract In its spread west across North America in 2002, West Nile virus (WNV) reached a population of marked American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) in Stillwater, Oklahoma, in late summer. Within two months, 46 of 120 individuals were missing or known to be dead, 39 of which (33% of the population) are estimated to have died for WNV-related reasons. In 2003, 56 of 78 marked crows disappeared or were found dead between June and November. Five of the 28 juvenile losses were possibly unrelated to WNV, thus we estimate that 65% of our population died because of this pathogen in 2003. The total loss of 72% of population members, including 82% of juveniles, in a single year of WNV exposure raises concern for precipitous declines in American Crow populations in coming years. El Virus del Nilo Occidental Devasta una Población de Corvus brachyrhynchos Resumen. En su diseminación hacia el oeste de América del Norte durante 2002, el Virus del Nilo Occidental alcanzó a fines del verano una población marcada de Corvus brachyrhynchos en Stillwater, Oklahoma. En menos de dos meses, 46 de los 120 individuos registrados desaparecieron o murieron, 39 de los cuales (33% de la población) estimamos que murieron por causas relacionadas con el virus. En 2003, 56 de los 78 cuervos marcados desaparecieron o fueron encontrados muertos entre junio y noviembre. Cinco de las 28 pérdidas de juveniles posiblemente no estuvieron relacionadas con el virus, por lo que estimamos que el 65% de nuestra población murió a causa de este patógeno en 2003. La pérdida total del 72% de los miembros de la población, incluyendo el 82% de los juveniles, en un solo año de exposición al virus plantea preocupaciones en cuanto a la posibilidad de una disminución precipitada de las poblaciones de C. brachyrhynchos en los próximos años.

Effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases: an updated focus on West Nile virus in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomit Paz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract One of the main impacts of climate change on health is the influence on vector-borne diseases (VBDs). During the last few years, yearly outbreaks of the West Nile virus (WNV) have occurred in many locations, providing evidence of ongoing transmission. Currently, it is the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world. Increases in ambient temperature have impacts on WNV transmission. Indeed, clear associations were found between warm conditions and WNV outbreaks in various areas. The impact of changes in rainfall patterns on the incidence of the disease is influenced by the amount of precipitation (increased rainfall, floods or droughts), depending on the local conditions and the differences in the ecology and sensitivity of the species of mosquito. Predictions indicate that for WNV, increased warming will result in latitudinal and altitudinal expansions of regions climatically suitable for transmission, particularly along the current edges of its transmission areas. Extension of the transmission season is also predicted. As models show that the current climate change trends are expected to continue, it is important to reinforce WNV control efforts and increase the resilience of population health. For a better preparedness, any assessment of future transmission of WNV should consider the impacts of the changing climate.

scholarly journals Ecology of West Nile Virus in North America

Viruses ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2079-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Reisen
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North America ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on West Nile virus transmission in a global context

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1665) ◽  
pp. 20130561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomit Paz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
West Nile Virus Transmission

West Nile virus (WNV), the most widely distributed virus of the encephalitic flaviviruses, is a vector-borne pathogen of global importance. The transmission cycle exists in rural and urban areas where the virus infects birds, humans, horses and other mammals. Multiple factors impact the transmission and distribution of WNV, related to the dynamics and interactions between pathogen, vector, vertebrate hosts and environment. Hence, among other drivers, weather conditions have direct and indirect influences on vector competence (the ability to acquire, maintain and transmit the virus), on the vector population dynamic and on the virus replication rate within the mosquito, which are mostly weather dependent. The importance of climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and winds) as drivers in WNV epidemiology is increasing under conditions of climate change. Indeed, recent changes in climatic conditions, particularly increased ambient temperature and fluctuations in rainfall amounts, contributed to the maintenance (endemization process) of WNV in various locations in southern Europe, western Asia, the eastern Mediterranean, the Canadian Prairies, parts of the USA and Australia. As predictions show that the current trends are expected to continue, for better preparedness, any assessment of future transmission of WNV should take into consideration the impacts of climate change.

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