Master Frame and Flat Floor-Timber: An ‘Architectural Signature’ of the Mediterranean Shipyards?

Eric Rieth

doi:10.3390/heritage4040148

Master Frame and Flat Floor-Timber: An ‘Architectural Signature’ of the Mediterranean Shipyards?

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage4040148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 2623-2642

Author(s):

Eric Rieth

Keyword(s):

The Mediterranean ◽

Mediterranean Architecture ◽

Bear Witness

This article is an attempt to analyse the master frame form characterised by a flat floor-timber, a sharp or shaped turn of the bilge, and more or less straight sides. This form of master frame is associated with the Mediterranean architecture of the ‘frame-based’ principle, as attested from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century AD Dor 2001/1 shipwreck (Israel), which is considered as one of the five origins (Root 4: Nilotic-riverine) of the ‘frame-based’ architecture. A series of medieval and modern wrecks of coastal ships and galleys bear witness to this form of master frame linked more generally to the Mediterranean whole moulding. In view of the consistency of these archaeological as well as ethnographic evidence on traditional Mediterranean shipbuilding, this form of master frame with a flat floor-timber appears to be one of the most revealing ‘architectural signatures’ of the practices of Mediterranean shipyards.

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The Decorative Orientations in the Mediterranean Architecture and its Influence on the Development of Cultural Sustainability

European Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n1p109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Sara Hukmat ◽

Havva Arslangazi Uzunahmet

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Human Existence ◽

Local Identity ◽

Cultural Sustainability ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Mediterranean Architecture

This paper attempts to describe the different orientations in architectural decoration that arose as a result of human existence and its relation to his environment. Throughout history, decoration has been a bridge connecting the building to the environment, connecting people with history and culture. And it has been an instrument of the local identity of the building and the whole environment within the framework of the idea of sustainability, which consists of three foundations (economic, environmental and cultural). Within this texture in this study, decorative details and patterns are evaluated, in order to understand the effects of factors on cultures. From one culture to another, it is discussed in connection with the comparison of the Moorish and Greek decoration. As a result, this study has determined decorative orientations in the Mediterranean architecture and its influence on sustainable development. Keywords: Decoration, Cultural Sustainability, Style, Identity, Greek, Moorish

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Profits from trade with the Levant in the fifteenth century

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0041977x00142454 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 250-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. Ashtor

Keyword(s):

Fifteenth Century ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Red Sea ◽

Wholesale Trade ◽

Mass Consumption ◽

Grand Canal ◽

The Grand Canal ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Spice Trade ◽

Bear Witness

To show how great were the profits in the medieval Levant trade may seem like bringing coals to Newcastle. The accounts of the strenuous efforts made to discover the sea route to India bear witness to the Europeans’ desire to get a greater share of these riches. Anybody passing by the old palaces along the Grand Canal of Venice becomes aware of the riches accumulated in the trade of the Indian spices. However, it goes without saying that the margin of profit changed in the course of time. Certainly they were very great in the period of the Crusades, both on the Red Sea and in the Mediterranean. In a Judaeo-Arabic letter written in 1134 in Aden by Abū; Zikrī Kōhēn, one reads: ‘If you would have come this year (to Aden), there would have been no need to journey to India. Youngsters came who had never travelled before, who have no knowledge of selling and buying, and those (of them) who had a hundred earned another hundred…and if he were a Muslim—a hundred and fifty’. The riches of the Kārim merchants, who specialized in the spice trade on the Red Sea, were fabulous, if one can believe the Arabic chroniclers. Judging from the Geniza documents, one would be bound to conclude that the profits in the spice trade were much greater than in other branches of trade. But in the later Middle Ages, when it had become a wholesale trade conducted on regular lines, did it still yield returns much greater than other branches of trade and industry? And if this was indeed so, how can one explain the fact that the Levant traders succeeded in maintaining high prices for the Indian commodities destined for mass consumption?

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“Locking up the Strait in the fifteenth century’s Ottoman Mediterranean”: The Bosporus’ sea forts of Mehmet II (1452)

X ◽

10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11333 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vincent Ory

Keyword(s):

Fifteenth Century ◽

Black Sea ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Economic Power ◽

Byzantine Empire ◽

Mediterranean World ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The City ◽

Bear Witness

In the fifteenth century, the Mediterranean world was in turmoil. A new sultan, Mehmet II, had just inherited a vast empire stretching over two continents in the centre of which the ruins of the Byzantine Empire survived through the city of Constantinople. In order to seal his accession, he therefore undertook important preparations to conquer the “City guarded by God”. Mehmet then ordered the construction, within 4 months, of an imposing fortress nicknamed Boǧazkesen (the throat cutter). This coup de force is a testimony to the incredible military and economic power of this growing empire that masters a new war technology: artillery. The Ottomans, who were still novices in this field, had therefore had to adapt their fortifications to the use of firearms. Using local and foreign architects and engineers, the Ottoman fortifications built in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries bear witness to an architectural experimentation that seems to testify, like the work carried out in Rhodes by Pierre d’Aubusson or in Methoni by the Venetians, to a real research in terms of offensive and defensive effectiveness. In this context, the fortifications of Rumeli Hisarı and Anadolu Hisarı, built on either side of the narrowest point of the Bosporus in 1451-1452, are characterized by the presence of large coastal batteries that operate together. They were to block access to Constantinople by the Black Sea, combining sinking and dismasting fire.

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Mediterranean Architecture

American Journal of Islam and Society ◽

10.35632/ajis.v21i4.1768 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 152-154

Author(s):

Tammy Gaber

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Mediterranean Basin ◽

Social Impact ◽

Built Form ◽

The Social ◽

Keynote Speech ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Mediterranean Architecture ◽

Contemporary Architecture ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

Organized by the Faculty of Engineering on February 15-18, 2004 at MisrInternational University, one of Egypt’s leading private universities, theDepartment of Architecture and Dean Salah Zaky Said targeted a diverseaudience of architects and professionals. The varied responses and interpretationsof the conference’s title proved that this provocative subjectallowed for multilayered discussions. The dialogue between academics,students, and professionals from different backgrounds identified meaningswith respect to the Mediterranean basin’s architecture. The followingthemes were discussed: the social impact on Mediterranean architecture,technology and crafts, urbanism and development, landscape and environment,trends in current architecture, and heritage conservation.The conference started with the keynote speech delivered by SuhaOzkan (secretary of the Aga Khan Award), who traced the landmark worksof contemporary architecture in the Mediterranean basin. The solutionspresented addressed issues not only of regional aesthetics, but also of climaticand cultural relevance. The second keynote speaker was Italian academicand architect Attilio Petruccioli (dean, School of Architecture,University of Bari, Italy), who brought up themes of typology and specificityin architecture. A rich discussion followed, with one of the sessionchairmen, Aga Khan Award recepient Abdel Halim Ibrahim (architect andprofessional, University of Cairo, Egypt), questioning and provoking theaudience with respect to the meaning of the built form and material in thisregion.The presentation of papers started with the theme of “Social Impact onMediterranean Architecture.” Papers explored ideas of cultural identity in ...

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Miocene paleogeography and biostratigraphy of the Slovenj Gradec Basin: a marine corridor between the Mediterranean and Central Paratethys

Geologica Carpathica ◽

10.1515/geoca-2018-0031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 528-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kristina Ivančič ◽

Mirka Trajanova ◽

Stjepan Ćorić ◽

Boštjan Rožič ◽

Andrej Šmuc

Keyword(s):

Pannonian Basin ◽

Eastern Alps ◽

Lacustrine Environment ◽

Dry Land ◽

The Third ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Transitional Environment ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Bear Witness ◽

Basin System

Abstract The Miocene evolution of the area transitional from the Eastern Alps to the Pannonian Basin System was studied through the paleogeographic evolution of the Slovenj Gradec Basin in northern Slovenia. It is based on mapping, section logging, nannoplankton biostratigraphy, and petrography. The results are correlated with the lithological column of the borehole MD-1/05. The evolution of the basin is connected with the development of the Pannonian Basin System, and the global 3rd order cycles, which influenced the connection with the Mediterranean Sea. Sedimentation started in the Karpatian in a fluvial to lacustrine environment and terminated at the end of the Early Badenian. During this period, three transgression–regression cycles were recorded. The first transgression occurred in the Karpatian and corresponds to the TB 2.2. cycle. The sediments reflect proximity of the hinterland. After a short break in sedimentation, the Early Badenian deposition followed. It marks the second transgression into the SGB, the first Badenian, correlated with the TB 2.3 cycle. There are signs of a transitional environment, which evolved to marine in advanced stages. At the high-stand system tract, the sea flooded the entire Slovenj Gradec Basin. Subsequent reduced quantity and diversity of the microfossils marks the onset of the second regression stage. It is followed by the third transgression, the second in the Badenian, correlated with the TB 2.4 cycle. The late Early Badenian deposition continued in the lower-energy, though occasionally still turbulent environment. Silty sediments with upward increasing content of organic matter indicate shallowing of the basin, until its final diminishing. Layers of fresh-water coal already bear witness to the existence of restricted swamps. After the Early Badenian, the area of the Slovenj Gradec Basin became dry land, exposed to erosion.

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Researching precarious migrations: Qualitative strategies towards a positive transformation of the politics of migration

The British Journal of Politics and International Relations ◽

10.1177/1369148118759616 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 441-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vicki Squire

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Research Project ◽

Dissemination Strategy ◽

Interactive Maps ◽

Research Participants ◽

Positive Transformation ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Bear Witness ◽

Policies And Practices

How can research contribute to a positive transformation of the politics of migration? This article addresses the question with reference to a recent research project, Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat, which maps and documents the journeys and experiences of people on the move across the Mediterranean. It explores how qualitative research engaging research participants as people with the authority to speak can affect change by exposing claims and demands that compel ‘receiving communities’ to bear witness to the contemporary violence of policies and practices. Exploring the dissemination strategy of sharing stories through interactive maps and research–art collaboration, the article emphasises the importance of strategies that foster constructive connections between diverse constituencies. This development, the article argues, involves a process of translation that goes beyond a form of passive empathy and that works towards positive transformation of a slower duration, albeit in terms that remain discomforting.

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Soap Bars and Silk Cocoons: Microecologies of Connectivity in Late Medieval Mediterranean Architecture

Journal of Early Modern History ◽

10.1163/15700658-12342633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2-3) ◽

pp. 121-151

Author(s):

Saygin Salgirli

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

The Other ◽

Late Medieval ◽

Everyday Experiences ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Mediterranean Architecture ◽

The One

Abstract This article discusses connectivity in late medieval Mediterranean architecture from a microecological point of view, as initially formulated by Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell. Combining their approach with Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality, it argues that Ottoman multipurpose buildings of the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries operated as architectures of governmentality on a microecological level. Their composite architectures became relevant and meaningful through their penetrations into everyday experiences, and through their management of a multitude of relationships. On the one hand, this made them world-making institutions in their own localities, and on the other, imperceptibly connected them to distant corners of the Mediterranean, and to different but comparable experiences.

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