scholarly journals Bombed Archaeology: Towards a Precise Identification and a Safe Management of WWII’s Dangerous Unexploded Bombs

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 2704-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Matteo Barone
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Modern Landscape ◽  
Non Destructive

The massive bombings during World War II (WWII) have had a lasting impact across the Italian landscape. The problem of dangerous unexploded bombs is particularly relevant since the bombsites are buried beneath the soil close to inhabited and/or touristic areas. Archaeological sites, such as Pompeii and Vulci, were heavily bombed, and nowadays, archaeologists excavate these bombs during their digs. Thus, there is a real risk to people’s safety. While the aerial photo collection is a powerful record of the landscapes of wartime Italy, plotting buried unexploded bomb hazard maps remains important in identifying their precise location in the modern landscape. Ground penetrating radar (GPR)—a non-destructive technique (NDT)—can help detect these bombs buried beneath the soil by providing an accurate horizontal and vertical position. Using aerial photos and NDTs, such as GPR, this future project explores the WWII human experience to preserve and manage the safety of both the archaeological heritage and involved users by using the data to create an open-access WebGIS platform.

scholarly journals THE INVISIBLE MOATS OF THE MUN RIVER VALLEY, NE THAILAND: THE EXAMINATION OF WATER MANAGEMENT DEVICES AT MOUNDED SITES THROUGH GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Duke ◽  
Nigel J Chang ◽  
Ian Moffat ◽  
Wayne Morris
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

<p>The Mun River valley is well known for its moat-bound mounded archaeological sites that are usually associated with Iron Age occupation (~500BC- AD500).  The investigation of these sites has provided a wealth of information on the changing social and environmental conditions during prehistory.  In recent years, research has identified a greater diversity of site morphologies in the region, many of which, importantly, do not appear to have moats surrounding them.  This paper seeks to investigate whether the apparently ‘non-moated’ mound site of Non Klang (Nong Hua Raet village) was actually moated in the past, and if such, now in-filled features can be investigated through non-destructive Ground Penetrating Radar methodology.  Additionally, while large external moats can be observed in the modern day topography at sites such as Ban Non Wat, excavation has demonstrated that further, invisible, water management features exist beneath the surface within the current mound boundary of the site.  These are probably Iron Age precursors to the later more extensive and still visible moats.  This paper seeks to answer several fundamental questions: What application can GPR have at mounded sites in Southeast Asia?  Do invisible moats exist?  How will this affect our understanding of the broader prehistoric landscape in the Upper Mun River Valley?  </p>

scholarly journals Urban planning and archeological conscience: The impact of soil sealing on archaeological sites

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar García Rodríguez ◽  
Beatriz Álvarez García
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Soil Sealing ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Impact

Soil sealing (permanent covering of an area by impermeable artificial material) is one of the most serious problems affecting ecosystems in Western Europe. Numerous studies have analysed this issue from an ecological approach, but very few take into account its impact on one of soil’s essential functions, namely the preservation of archaeological sites. Spanish laws on historic heritage (1985) and environmental impact (2013) have tackled the matter by legislating measures for the preservation of heritage. Furthermore, in 1992 Spain signed the Valletta Treaty (the European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage) of the Council of Europe, and further ratified it in 2011. Historians, archaeologists and soil scientists should respond to this threat using a multidisciplinary approach. The present study analyses the impact that soil sealing has had on the Roman city of Complutum, located on the Henares River plain (Madrid, España) on highly fertile Fluvisols and Calcisols. One of the aims of this study is to show that the combined use of aerial photos and satellite images provides a continuously updated file of urban development processes and therefore makes it possible to foresee the impact on archaeological sites. At present, medium and high spatial resolution images (Spot and Landsat satellites) can be obtained free of charge and digital processing makes it possible to map any variations in these sites. Another aim of the study is to analyse the importance of soil type and quality in establishing settlements in corridors which have served as important communication routes. There is a greater likelihood of urban planning and development processes in the immediate surroundings of these routes over the years, implying that it is highly probable that pre-existing sites will be destroyed.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Use of Remote Sensing, Geophysical Techniques and Archaeological Excavations to Define the Roman Amphitheater of Torreparedones (Córdoba, Spain)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Monterroso-Checa ◽  
Teresa Teixidó ◽  
Massimo Gasparini ◽  
José Peña ◽  
Santiago Rodero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Images ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Aerial Platforms ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

Non-destructive techniques are widely used to explore and detect burial remains in archaeological sites. In this study, we present two sets of sensors, aerial and geophysics, that we have combined to analyze a 2 ha sector of ground in the Torreparedones Archaeological Park located in Cordoba, Spain. Aerial platforms were used in a first step to identify a Roman amphitheater located near the Roman city. To ensure greater reliability and to rule out geological causes, a geophysical survey was subsequently carried out. Magnetic gradiometer, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods were also used to confirm the existence of this structure, define the geometry and, to the greatest possible extent, determine the degree of preservation of this construction. The adverse conditions for data acquisition was one of the main constraints, since the area of interest was an almond plantation which conditioned geophysical profiles. In addition, due to the low dielectric and magnetic contrast between the structures and the embedding material, meticulous data processing was required. In order to obtain further evidence of this amphitheater and to corroborate the aerial images and the geophysical models, an archaeological excavation was carried out. The results confirmed the cross-validation with the predicted non-destructive models. Therefore, this work can serve as an example to be used prior to conservation actions to investigate the suburbs and landscapes near similar roman cities in Spain.

scholarly journals The invisible moats of the Mun River Valley, NE Thailand: The examination of water management devices at mounded sites through ground penetrating radar (GPR)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Duke ◽  
Nigel Chang ◽  
Ian Moffat ◽  
Wayne Morris
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

The Mun River valley is well known for its moat-bound mounded archaeological sites that are usually associated with Iron Age occupation (~500BC- AD500). The investigation of these sites has provided a wealth of information on the changing social and environmental conditions during late prehistory. In recent years, research has identified a greater diversity of site morphologies in the region, many of which, importantly, do not appear to have moats surrounding them. This paper seeks to investigate whether the apparently ‘non-moated’ mound site of Non Klang (Nong Hua Raet village) was actually moated in the past, and if such, now in-filled, features can be investigated using non-destructive Ground-penetrating radar. Additionally, while large external moats can be observed in the modern day topography at sites such as Ban Non Wat, excavation has demonstrated that further, invisible, water management features exist beneath the surface within the current mound boundary of the site. These are probably Iron Age precursors to the later more extensive and still visible moats. This paper seeks to answer several fundamental questions: What application can GPR have at mounded sites in Southeast Asia? Do invisible moats exist? How will this affect our understanding of the broader prehistoric landscape in the Upper Mun River Valley?

scholarly journals SyPEAH: The WebAPP System for Protection and Education to Archaeological Heritage in the Parco Archeologico del Colosseo

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Irma Della Giovampaola
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Degradation Monitoring ◽  
Deterioration Process

Archaeological sites are affected by changes due to a natural deterioration process over time. If not prevented, this may compromise the functionality of the cultural property, and in turn become pathological and result in degradation. Monitoring through innovative technologies paves the way towards an effective planned maintenance activity and therefore preventive conservation. The monitoring project of the Parco Archeologico del Colosseo was inspired by the desire to build a system of protection and conservation at the service of sustainable exploitation. Established by Ministerial Decree 12 January 2017 in art. 3, the park is an independent cultural site of the Ministry of Culture. It includes the central area of Rome—the Roman Forum, the Palatine, the Colosseum and the Domus Aurea—and has an extension of about 77 hectares, of which about 32 are buildings. With these objectives, the Parco Archeologico del Colosseo has launched a static and dynamic monitoring project consisting of six fundamental levels of activities. The project involves the creation of a multi-parameter system of permanent control of the entire archaeological area, with the associated indicators of the level of risk, for which it is necessary the combined use of innovative technologies.

scholarly journals Shallow Offshore Geophysical Prospection of Archaeological Sites in Eastern Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Nikos Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Cultural Resources Management ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Magnetic Gradiometry ◽  
Geophysical Prospection

Geophysical prospecting methods have been extensively used to outline buried antiquities in terrestrial sites. Despite the frequent application of these mapping and imaging approaches for the detection of archaeological relics in deep-water marine environments (e.g., shipwrecks), the aforementioned processes have minimal contribution when it comes to understanding the dynamics of the past in coastal and shallow aquatic archaeological sites. This work explores the possibilities of multicomponent geophysical techniques in revealing antiquities that have been submerged in diverse shallow coastal marine environments in the eastern Mediterranean. A group of four sites in Greece (Agioi Theodoroi, Olous, Lambayanna) and Cyprus (Pafos) spanning from prehistory to Roman times were chosen as test sites to validate the efficiency of electrical resistivity tomography, magnetic gradiometry, and ground penetrating radar methods. The comprehensive analysis of the geophysical data completed the picture for the hidden archeological elements in all the sites. The results manifest the significance and the potential of these methods for documenting and understanding the complex archaeological sites encountered in the Mediterranean. In view of climate change and the risks related to future sea level rise and erosion of low-level coastal areas, the results of this work could be integrated in a strategic framework to develop an effective interdisciplinary research model that can be applied to similar shallow water archaeological surveys, thus substantially contributing towards cultural resources management.

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Reinforcing Rebar Radius by Digital Image GPR Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 847-851
Author(s):  
Che Way Chang ◽  
Chen Hua Lin ◽  
Shyi Lin Lee ◽  
Ping Huang Chen ◽  
Ching Cheng Jen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Non Destructive Evaluation ◽  
Energy Zone ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a high efficiency technology to detect the cylindrical medium in the concretes material. The electromagnetic wave is incidental to double-rebar, and measures the reflection signal behaviors from energy zone. The results from the reflection signal of electromagnetic wave of the reinforcement concretes allow evaluating the radius of double-bar (1.6cm, 1cm). A physical model can effectively measure the radius of double-bar by the result of electromagnetic wave reflex behavior analysis. The results indicate that, this techology is capable of estimating the reinforcing double-bar radius to within 6%.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue “Advanced Techniques for Ground Penetrating Radar Imaging”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3696
Author(s):  
Yuri Álvarez López ◽  
María García-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Radar Imaging ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Subsurface Sensing ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has become one of the key technologies in subsurface sensing and, in general, in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), since it is able to detect both metallic and nonmetallic targets [...]

scholarly journals ROAD PAVEMENT DENSITY ANALYSIS USING A NEW NON-DESTRUCTIVE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEM

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 399-417
Author(s):  
Mardeni Bin Roslee ◽  
Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah ◽  
Helmi Zulhaidi bin Mohd Shafr
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive
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