scholarly journals The Plaka Bridge in Epirus: An Evaluation of New Building Materials for Its Restoration

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1136-1159
Author(s):  
Maria Apostolopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Nikolaidis ◽  
Iakovos Grillakis ◽  
Myrto Kalofonou ◽  
Vasileios Keramidas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Important Landmark

The sustainable preservation of monuments requires the use of performing materials which are at the same time compatible with the monument’s historical building materials to ensure structural integrity, adequate performance of the structure in earthquake stresses, and resilience of both restoration and historical materials. This is especially true for cultural heritage assets that have experienced major destruction, demanding extensive reconstruction. The Plaka Bridge in Epirus, Greece, partially collapsed after a heavy rainfall in 2015. It was a supreme example of traditional stone bridge architecture of the region and an important landmark. In the present study, a potential restoration stone from a nearby quarry was examined in terms of compatibility in relation to the dominant historical building stone of the bridge, as well as in terms of mechanical performance, through a variety of in lab techniques. In addition, criteria were set for restoration mortars, taking into account the characteristics of the historical materials, as well as the environment of the bridge. The results of the study regarding the restoration stone and mortars are presented and assessed, in order to select the most appropriate restoration materials for Plaka Bridge in its upcoming restoration, aiming to enhance the overall resilience of the structure.

Restoration of Structural Timber Elements Using Epoxy Resin: Analysis of Mechanical Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília da Silva Bertolini ◽  
Laurenn Borges de Macedo ◽  
Diego Henrique de Almeida ◽  
Felipe Hideyoshi Icimoto ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Structural Timber ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Shocks

Brazil cultural heritage is composed by numerous constructions that describe the various historical periods lived by country. Constructions arent in good conservation status, showing systematically some deterioration level of their structural elements, among them those of wood. Restoration process aims to preserve the identity of original cultural heritage. It is essential maintain structural characteristics related to mechanical loads response which are closely dependent on wood properties avoiding possible structural shocks. Wood deterioration can be characterized by fungi decay or termite attack. Depending on level and position of the deteriorated area in structural set, local interventions are enough to maintain structural integrity. Polymeric resins are material options that can be used when removed these deteriorated regions, requiring compatibility with wood to maintain structural elements properties. This paper aims use of a technical for restoring structural timber from historic buildings, based on removal of decayed regions and filling them with epoxy resin. To analyze restoration effectiveness, properties in static bending, according to Brazilian standard, were determined. Samples were produced containing one and three restorations along the specimens (105 cm in length and nominal square cross section of 4.5 cm side), on the same side. Samples of Pinus taeda with gaps generated in the specimens with dimensions of 1.10 cm in depth and 8 cm in length were tested, with restorations placed in central region. For grafting of these gaps bicomponent epoxy resin was employed, prepared by mixing components in 1:1.5 proportions. Resin was injected into splices and its cure occurred in a seven days period, using methodology restoration to simulate a situation in which these structural elements have been used. Samples were requested in static bending to obtaining the product of inertia, analyzing the amendment under the aspect of tractioned and as well under compressed edge. It is observed the viability of restoration using filling epoxy resin in timber samples, considering the mechanical performance and practicality of the methodology for local keeping.

scholarly journals Utilizing Vulnerability and Risk Indexes for Cultural Heritage in Yogyakarta and Central Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron ◽  
Radikal Lukafiardi ◽  
Christina Aprilianti ◽  
Raditya Jati
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Potential Loss ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Area And Volume

Indonesia is home to many cultural heritages which are exposed to natural disaster, its number has grown by 400% within the years of 1975-2010.  In order to protect the cultural heritages, the national government released InaRisk – a web based geospatial data to identify risk information. This application, however, not fully apprises its users of the potential loss that cultural heritage objects, especially temples, may sustain. For these reasons, the research set out to evaluate the potential loss of temples by making use of disaster vulnerability and risk approaches. Seven temples were exposed to earthquake and landslide hazards; hence, observed as the research object on a micro-scale. The research method combined tabular, spatial, and temporal data of several indicators, namely types of building materials, building’s structural integrity after earthquakes and landslides, the number of salvageable objects, building age, significance, historical value, and the number of visitors. The results showed that Prambanan and Sewu Temples had the most substantial amounts of potential losses incurred from damages to at-risk elements, namely the numbers of visitors, employees, and supporting facilities and their distances to sources of hazards. Assessing the numerical values of losses requires further improvements in accuracy as it has not thoroughly factored in the significance of the temples, which is composed of historical value, building age, number of visitors, and other components. Valuation of this significance is still limited to currently available data, including the price of the constituent rocks, area and volume, and supporting facilities.

Evaluation of Health Conditions of Wooden Structures of the Former Slave Quarters of Farm Santa Maria do Monjolinho, Located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Faria Campos ◽  
Laurenn Borges de Macedo ◽  
Maria ângela Pereira de Castroe Silva Bortolucci ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
The State ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Slave Quarters ◽  
Wooden Structures

Brazil still has a diversity of architectural structures that represent various historical periods experienced. However, much of this cultural heritage is not properly maintained and this work aims to contribute to the conservation of the wooden structure of a historic site in the state of São Paulo. Problems related to the health/physical normality of wood present in historical building structures are commonly found, therefore, assessment measures and maintenance should be performed to secure the structural integrity of these parts, so that these architectural references are not lost over time. The farm Santa do Maria Monjolinho, located in São Carlos, the central region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, declared cultural heritage in 2007 by the department of state assets - CONDEPHAAT - stands out for the richness of its architectural set which was built in the nineteenth century, under the dominance of the coffee economy. Its facilities include the main house, yard coffee, granary and machine room, aqueduct and water wheel, chapel, mill, barn, settler houses and the building of the former slave quarters, fully preserved by the family Malta Campos. The old slave quarters, the object of our study, was built in the mid nineteenth century: today is the building that has the highest level of degradation. Originally consisted of two large environments, called wards, one female and the other male, with the function of house the farms slaves. After abolition, italian colonists adapted the building turning it into five houses with party walls of clay and wattle-and-daub. The roof, which consists in a wood structure and clay tiles, is bulging and has loads of broken tiles and the timber (rafters, beams and purlins) structurally compromised due to moisture attack and wood decay agents. The roof structure is supported by brickwork pillars and fresh mainstays, and some of them exhibit some level of degradation. To evaluate the health of these mainstays were used wood samples from other similar structures in the same property, built at the same era of the slave quarters. Tests of shear, compression parallel to the fibers and density that were developed made possible to make an analogy to the strength and condition of the wooden structures that support the roof of the slave quarters. The results as such tests show the reduction of the mechanical resistance of the pieces evaluated, leading to the need to reassess the conditions of service of the structures considered. Seeking an evaluation and diagnosis of health and structural conditions of the roof of the slave quarters, we intend to perform nondestructive tests on some parts of the wood of the structure itself. To do so, the following equipment could be used: Stress Wave Timer, Pylodin and Resistograph, offered by USP. Thus, using data obtained by the tests will be possible to determine the percentage of deterioration of structural components and the indication of restoration suitable for conservation of the structure, while cultural heritage of regional significance.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

scholarly journals An Unconventional Field Mapping Application: A Complete Opensource Workflow Solution Applied to Lithological Mapping of the Coatings of Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Niccolò Iandelli ◽  
Massimo Coli ◽  
Tessa Donigaglia ◽  
Anna Livia Ciuffreda
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Photo Interpretation ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
Lithological Mapping ◽  
Entire Amount

The conservation of a primary importance historical building requires organization, management, continuous updating, comparison, and visualization of a large amount of data of different nature and origin. In relation to these aspects the use of a GIS brings various advantages including single and univocal management of the entire amount of existing data in a relational, dynamic, updatable and queryable way. The integration of a mobile solution permits the updating of the dataset and checking on site all information. The workflow presented uses opensource solutions, desktop and mobile, which allows the creation of an unconventional lithological Field Mapping activity: starting from photo interpretation and in situ survey, all the coating materials (stone, etc.) of some monuments of primary historical and cultural interest have been mapped (i.e., Duomo di Firenze, Duomo di Prato). The product can be considered as a lithological cartography, vertically oriented, processed by field surveys, geognostic surveys and photo interpretation. All combined to create a “lithological” mapping of the coatings of the various monuments; the advantage is a new approach for conservation and restoration of Cultural Heritage. The proposed workflow involves a mobile solution, opensource, that allows the verification and management of the database in the field.

scholarly journals Computational and experimental mechanical performance of a new everolimus-eluting stent purpose-built for left main interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabhi Samant ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Shijia Zhao ◽  
Behram Khan ◽  
Mohammadali Sharzehee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Stent Expansion ◽  
Radial Strength ◽  
Different Diameters

AbstractLeft main (LM) coronary artery bifurcation stenting is a challenging topic due to the distinct anatomy and wall structure of LM. In this work, we investigated computationally and experimentally the mechanical performance of a novel everolimus-eluting stent (SYNERGY MEGATRON) purpose-built for interventions to large proximal coronary segments, including LM. MEGATRON stent has been purposefully designed to sustain its structural integrity at higher expansion diameters and to provide optimal lumen coverage. Four patient-specific LM geometries were 3D reconstructed and stented computationally with finite element analysis in a well-validated computational stent simulation platform under different homogeneous and heterogeneous plaque conditions. Four different everolimus-eluting stent designs (9-peak prototype MEGATRON, 10-peak prototype MEGATRON, 12-peak MEGATRON, and SYNERGY) were deployed computationally in all bifurcation geometries at three different diameters (i.e., 3.5, 4.5, and 5.0 mm). The stent designs were also expanded experimentally from 3.5 to 5.0 mm (blind analysis). Stent morphometric and biomechanical indices were calculated in the computational and experimental studies. In the computational studies the 12-peak MEGATRON exhibited significantly greater expansion, better scaffolding, smaller vessel prolapse, and greater radial strength (expressed as normalized hoop force) than the 9-peak MEGATRON, 10-peak MEGATRON, or SYNERGY (p < 0.05). Larger stent expansion diameters had significantly better radial strength and worse scaffolding than smaller stent diameters (p < 0.001). Computational stenting showed comparable scaffolding and radial strength with experimental stenting. 12-peak MEGATRON exhibited better mechanical performance than the 9-peak MEGATRON, 10-peak MEGATRON, or SYNERGY. Patient-specific computational LM stenting simulations can accurately reproduce experimental stent testing, providing an attractive framework for cost- and time-effective stent research and development.

Damage of Reinforced Concrete Structures due to Steel Corrosion

2015 ◽  
Vol 1111 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Corina Sosdean ◽  
Liviu Marsavina ◽  
Geert de Schutter
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Chloride Ingress ◽  
Rc Structures

Reinforced concrete (RC) became one of the most widely used modern building materials. In the last decades a great interest has been shown in studying reinforcement corrosion as it became one of the main factors of degradation and loss of structural integrity of RC structures. The degradation process is accelerated in the case of RC structures situated in aggressive environments like marine environments or subjected to de-icing salts. In this paper it is shown how steel corrosion of the embedded rebars occurs and how this affects the service life of reinforced concrete structures. Also, an experimental study regarding the combined effect of carbonation and chloride ingress was realized. Samples with and without rebars were drilled from a RC slab which was stored in the laboratory for two years. Non-steady state migration tests were realized in order to determine the chloride profile, while the carbonation depth was measured using the colorimetric method based on phenolphthalein spraying. It was concluded that carbonation has a significant effect on chloride ingress, increasing it.

scholarly journals Preservation of Art Style in Interior and Architecture Cultural Heritage Buildings: A Case Study in Hotel Kartika Wijaya & Hotel Niagara Malang

Humaniora ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Sri Rachmayanti ◽  
Christianto R. ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Art Style

Kartika Wijaya Hotel and Niagara Hotel-Malang are two heritage buildings, which are well managed to preserve their historical building that, has been established since 1891. We can find good harmony and variety in interior elements and design styles, such as Colonial style, Art Noveau and Art Deco style. The purpose of documentating this heritage building that has different design styles is for those who needed. The data will be classified according to the period of the development of the buildings and characteristics of existing styles. The research objective on Kartika Wijaya hotel building and art styles is to preserve historic buildings in Indonesia, through documentation of interior elements and architectures, and to conducted a study of the interior and architectures elements, interior design ornaments, that founded in historical Kartika Wijaya Hotel and Niagara Hotel in Malang, whose the existence needs to be preserved. 

scholarly journals Mechanical Strength Study of a Cranial Implant Using Computational Tools

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Pedro O. Santos ◽  
Gustavo P. Carmo ◽  
Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa ◽  
Fábio A. O. Fernandes ◽  
Mariusz Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Cranial Implant ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Brain

The human head is sometimes subjected to impact loads that lead to skull fracture or other injuries that require the removal of part of the skull, which is called craniectomy. Consequently, the removed portion is replaced using autologous bone or alloplastic material. The aim of this work is to develop a cranial implant to fulfil a defect created on the skull and then study its mechanical performance by integrating it on a human head finite element model. The material chosen for the implant was PEEK, a thermoplastic polymer that has been recently used in cranioplasty. A6 numerical model head coupled with an implant was subjected to analysis to evaluate two parameters: the number of fixation screws that enhance the performance and ensure the structural integrity of the implant, and the implant’s capacity to protect the brain compared to the integral skull. The main findings point to the fact that, among all tested configurations of screws, the model with eight screws presents better performance when considering the von Mises stress field and the displacement field on the interface between the implant and the skull. Additionally, under the specific analyzed conditions, it is observable that the model with the implant offers more efficient brain protection when compared with the model with the integral skull.

scholarly journals Radon monitoring in a historical building in Košice city, Slovakia – a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
E Singovszká ◽  
A Eštoková ◽  
M Vertaľ
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Radon Monitoring

Abstract It is known that the highest contribution to the yearly radiation dose for the population derives from natural radioactivity. About 50% of that is estimated to be caused by exposure to radon (Rn) and its products. Human exposure to indoor Rn is currently considered a relevant research topic, because of the associated epidemiological aspects. This paper aimed at Rn concentration measurement in a selected building in Košice city, Slovakia. The continuous monitoring of indoor radon levels was performed over a period of 40 days. The measured concentrations ranged in a wide interval up to 92 Bq/m3. The WHO limit value of 100 Bq/m3 wasn´t exceeded. Analysing the possible sources, both contributions of radon from the building materials and radon from the soil was observed.

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