scholarly journals Assessing the Ecological Impact of Ultramarathon Events in Protected Natural Sites: ‘Le Grand Raid Réunion’

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 749-760
Author(s):  
Sandra Heck
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Future Event ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
World Natural Heritage

Outdoor sport events evidently have an impact on the environment. If they are taking place in naturally protected areas this impact is even greater. By taking ’Le Grand Raid Réunion’, an international ultramarathon annually organized in the heart of an UNESCO World Natural Heritage site, as a case study, this paper concentrates on assessing the ecological impact of an outdoor sports event in a protected natural site. On the basis of datasets taken from official logistics lists and from a survey conducted among all event participants the analysis embraces ecological and carbon event footprinting. Measuring those two indicators allows identifying the specific event-related ecological impacts, including diverse variables caused by the athletes, the spectators, and the related organizational requirements. The results of the study thereby have the ability to strongly influence the future event policy and to function as a model for the assessment of the ecological impact of other outdoor sports events.

Perceived Impacts of Running Events in Protected Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goretti Silva ◽  
Alexandra I. Correia ◽  
Elvira Vieira ◽  
Luís André Soares
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Perceived Impacts ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Development Perspective

This chapter reflects upon the reality associated with running sports events in protected areas, in particular at the Peneda Gerês National Park (PNPG), with a particular focus on the Trans Peneda-Gerês (TPG), and understands its impacts within a sustainable tourism development perspective. With the diversity of landscapes and natural resources, and its characteristic villages, PNPG, as many other protected areas in Portugal, has a strong potential for Outdoor Sports/Tourism, offering some of Portugal's best running trails. As such, a considerable number of running events are currently being hosted. Based on a research process which includes both questionnaires and interviews, the authors propose to identify the profile and behavior of 2019 TPG edition's participants, and to assess local stakeholders' perception of economic, environmental, and social impacts, and to contribute to the discussion from a sustainable development perspective of the creation and management of tourism-related sports events, namely running, in protected areas.

When the gift is halfhearted: A socio-cultural study of ambivalence in a charity sport event

2020 ◽  
pp. 101269022096810
Author(s):  
Ayelet Oreg ◽  
Itay Greenspan ◽  
Ida E. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Sport Events

Taking a culturally sensitive approach, we set out to explore the social response to, and the cultural adoption of, charity sport events in Israel, where this phenomenon is relatively new and understudied. We show that charity sport events participation is accepted with mixed feelings: participants are motivated by their novice athletic aspirations and love for bike riding, and by their emotional connection to the cause, but at the same time are reluctant to fundraise and donate due to socio-cultural barriers. Using a qualitative, exploratory, single case study design, and relying on the literature of charity sports events, we show that in contrast to the extant distinction between philanthropic givers’ motivations and non-givers’ barriers, participants in charity sport events experience simultaneous motivations for and barriers to their own philanthropic giving. Although they strongly identify with their role as bike riders, and are motivated to take part in a challenging ride, they struggle with the roles of fundraiser and philanthropist that are inherent components of charity sports events. The combination of these experiences yields the experience of ambivalence towards philanthropic giving, which we accordingly term as ambivalent philanthropy.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Mathematical Model in Sports Events Timetabling

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Saeed Simorghi ◽  
Mostafa Bakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Mip Model ◽  
Time Order ◽  
Sport Events

Events such as Olympics, Football World Cup and Golf and Tennis huge tournaments have always drawn the attention from fans and TV viewers. To obtain this attention many factors are involved. One the major reasons to attract fans is the time order of matches. Another factor is that prominent matches must be distributed over a time interval of the tournament. These make a problem which is called "Sport Events Timetabling". This article develops a MIP model to scheduling sport events. In this model, intrinsic constraints of sport events timetabling are considered. For example, it is possible to schedule group matches and matches which plays between two teams, simultaneously. At the end a case study is introduced and solved with the GAMS 9.32 software.

scholarly journals Non-native Species Surrounding Protected Areas Influence the Community of Non-native Species Within Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Holenstein ◽  
William D. Simonson ◽  
Kevin G. Smith ◽  
Tim M. Blackburn ◽  
Anne Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Protected areas (PAs) are a key element of global conservation strategies aiming to protect habitats and species from various threats such as non-natives species (NNS) with negative ecological impacts. Yet little is known about the mechanisms by which PAs are colonized by NNS, and more specifically the role of colonizing events from surrounding areas. Here, we compared terrestrial and freshwater non-native plants and animals recorded in Norwegian PAs and in 5-km belts around them, using the database of the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Species Map Service. Our analysis included 1,602 NNS and 671 PAs. We found that NNS were recorded in only 23% of the PAs, despite the fact that 90% of the 5-km belts were colonized by at least one NNS. A Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model showed that the number of NNS in the 5-km belts was a strong explanatory variable of the NNS richness inside PAs. Other significant variables included the surface area of the PA, mean human population density in the PA, main type of habitat and accessibility of PAs. We also observed similarity in the species in and around the PAs, with, on average, two thirds of the NNS present in a specific PA also present in its 5-km belt. Furthermore, NNS were recorded in PAs on average 4.5 years after being recorded in the 0–5 km belts, suggesting a dynamic of rapid colonization from the belts to the PAs. Invasive NNS represented 12% of NNS in the belts but 40% in the PAs. This difference was related to the higher abundance of invasive NNS in the belts. Our results highlight the necessity of expanding the focus of NNS management in PAs beyond their boundaries, in particular to prevent incursions of NNS with high negative ecological impact.

ECOLOGY IN MULTI-STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS-INTERDEPENDENCY BETWEEN ECOLOGY AND COSTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Koppelhuber ◽  
Johannes Wall
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Construction Costs

More than 95% of multi-story residential buildings in Austria are currently predominantly constructed with conventional mineral construction materials. This fact combined with the increasing demands for a healthy residential living atmosphere demonstrates the great potential for using ecological materials. Life cycle assessments provide information on the ecological performance of buildings, but the corresponding economical aspects are not considered. Nevertheless, the economic aspects of a certain draft are important to clients and designers. Therefore, simplified assessment-tools are needed that take into account the ecological impact as well as the building costs. This paper presents the results of an investigation supplemented by a case study of a multistory residential building, which was finished 2016 in Austria, illustrating the differences between the state-of-the-art material selection and ecologically optimized alternatives. The ecological impacts and the costs for the selected building-system were determined based on the case study. Subsequently, ecological optimization potentials were identified according to the environmental indicator OI3. Finally, the effects on component and construction costs were evaluated. The steps of this simplified process reveal the interdependency between ecological aspects and the costs of materials. This procedure represents a decision-making tool that can be used by clients as well as designers. The results of this research emphasize the large environmental impact improvements with little expenses when implementing sustainability in multi-story residential buildings as a crucial part of a green design.

scholarly journals Ecological Impact of Artificial Light at Night: Effective Strategies and Measures to Deal with Protected Species and Habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5991
Author(s):  
Annika K. Jägerbrand ◽  
Constantinos A. Bouroussis
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Landscape Characteristics

When conserving or protecting rare or endangered species, current general guidelines for reducing light pollution might not suffice to ensure long-term threatened species’ survival. Many protected areas are exposed to artificial light at levels with the potential to induce ecological impacts with unknown implications for the ecosystems they are designated to protect. Consequently, it is recommended that precautionary methods for the avoidance and mitigation of light pollution in protected areas be integrated into their management plans. This paper’s aims are to present an overview of best practices in precautionary methods to avoid and mitigate light pollution in protected areas and to identify and discuss what ecosystems should be considered light-sensitive and how to prioritise species and habitats that need protection from artificial light, including examples of legislation covering ecological light pollution in the European Union and in Sweden. The important aspects to include when considering light pollution at a landscape level are listed, and a proposal for prioritisation among species and habitats is suggested. Sensitive and conservation areas and important habitats for particularly vulnerable species could be prioritised for measures to minimise artificial lighting’s negative effects on biodiversity. This may be done by classifying protected natural environments into different zones and applying more constrained principles to limit lighting. The light pollution sensitivity of various environments and ecosystems suggests that different mitigation strategies and adaptations should be used depending on landscape characteristics, species sensitivity and other factors that may determine whether artificial light may be detrimental. Issues of the currently used measurement methods for artificial light at night are reviewed. We also propose and discuss the principles and benefits of using standardized measurement methods and appropriate instrumentation for field measurements of artificial light concerning the environmental impact of light pollution.

Leveraging ambitions and barriers: Glasgow universities and the 2014 Commonwealth Games

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicent Kennelly ◽  
Halley Corbett ◽  
Kristine Toohey
Keyword(s):  
Staff Development ◽  
Future Event ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stakeholder Relationships ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Commonwealth Games ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate why and how universities in the Glasgow region sought to leverage the 2014 Commonwealth Games to achieve their own benefits. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth qualitative case study, utilising documentary evidence and in-depth interviews, was employed to examine how Glasgow universities leveraged the Games, and the outcomes they sought. Findings Universities sought to leverage the 2014 Commonwealth Games to garner a range of benefits, including increased brand awareness, student and staff development opportunities, new or improved infrastructure, and strengthened stakeholder relationships. Leveraging strategies included developing relationships with other Games’ stakeholders to establish and participate in collaborations, committees, and research consortia, hosting ancillary events, and hosting teams on training camps. However, data revealed substantial barriers to effective leveraging, such as insufficient resourcing and lack of leadership, and consequently several interviewees conveyed a sense of missed opportunities. Practical implications The results can inform universities located in host regions about the opportunities and challenges to strategically leveraging an event. Also, if event organisations understand the leveraging ambitions of event stakeholders, such as universities, they can better facilitate and manage their relationships with such stakeholders to maximise event benefits in the host region. Originality/value This research considers the leveraging activities of a previously un-researched event stakeholder group (universities) that have the potential to deliver benefits that reach students, staff, and industry interest groups in event host communities. The knowledge contributed could aid universities in future event host regions to strategically leverage to maximise the benefits of major sport events.

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