scholarly journals Gwendolyn Brooks and the Legacies of Architectural Modernity

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Gill
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Gwendolyn Brooks ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
American Architecture ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Relationship

This essay reads the work of poet, Gwendolyn Brooks, in terms of its critical engagement with the architectural modernity of her home city, Chicago. Taking her poetry from A Street in Bronzeville (1945) through to the 1968 collection, In the Mecca, as a primary focus, the essay traces the significance of Chicago style architecture on Brooks’ aesthetic. It was in Chicago that some of the first tall office buildings were designed; it was here that structural steel and glass were first used to distinctive architectural effect, and it was here, in 1893, that the World’s Columbian Exposition was held – an event that, for better or worse, was to shape American architecture well into the twentieth century. Brooks’ poetry is alert to this history, attuned to contemporary debates about urban design and sensitive to architectural experience and affect. This context informs and shapes her work in often unexpected ways. Her approach is often oblique (registered in metaphor, style, and voice) but nevertheless incisive in its rendering of the relationship between architecture, modernity and power.

Modern Belly Dance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Stavrou Karayanni
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Belly Dance ◽  
National Politics ◽  
The West ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
The World ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Performance Area ◽  
The Relationship

References to dances of the East have appeared in Western sources at least since the beginning of the Christian era, yet what has become known and established as "belly dance" seems most closely connected to the World Expositions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 was an event that formally introduced the danse du ventre or belly dance to American audiences and caused a stir in public morals, reformed concepts of the exotic, and revolutionized ideas about the relationship between movement and aesthetics (kinaesthesia). Even though renditions of the dance have varied greatly, there are choreographic elements that make belly dance immediately recognizable and even objectionable to some audiences: elaborate hip articulations, isolations that often layer the choreography and express the texture of the music, and movement on the vertical and horizontal axis without covering a large performance area. In terms of culture, the space it has occupied both in its "native" lands (predominantly but not exclusively, Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon) and in the West continues to be contested in choreographic, social, cultural, and even national politics of the twentieth century and beyond. Like many dance forms, belly dance has had an uneasy and anxious passage through modernity.

Disposing of Modernity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Graff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
World's Fair ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Urban America ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition

Through archaeological and archival research from sites associated with the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Disposing of Modernity explores the changing world of urban America at the turn of the twentieth century. Featuring excavations of trash deposited during the fair, Rebecca Graff’s first-of-its kind study reveals changing consumer patterns, notions of domesticity and progress, and anxieties about the modernization of society. Graff examines artifacts, architecture, and written records from the 1893 fair’s Ohio Building, which was used as a clubhouse for fairgoers in Jackson Park, and the Charnley-Persky House, an aesthetically modern city residence designed by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. Many of the items she uncovers were products that first debuted at world’s fairs, and materials such as mineral water bottles, cheese containers, dentures, and dinnerware illustrate how fairs created markets for new goods and influenced consumer practices. Graff discusses how the fair’s ephemeral nature gave it transformative power in Chicago society, and she connects its accompanying “conspicuous disposal” habits to today’s waste disposal regimes. Reflecting on the planning of the Obama Presidential Center at the site of the Chicago World’s Fair, she draws attention to the ways the historical trends documented here continue in the present.

scholarly journals THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. DO WE HAVE A COMMON GOAL? / KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO ARCHITEKTŪROS IR URBANISTIKOS SĄVEIKA – AR TURIME BENDRĄ TIKSLĄ

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaiva Deveikienė
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyses the problem of the relationship and interaction between urban design and landscape architecture. This refers to the period of the modern city from the late nineteenth century to the present day. There are presented and discussed urbanization processes and examples of solutions with emphasis on problems arising from the relationship between a city and nature as well as those related to urban landscape and sustainability of urban landscaping in the twentieth century. Straipsnyje analizuojama urbanistikos ir kraštovaizdžio architektūros santykio ir sąveikos problema. Aprėpiamas moderniojo miesto laikotarpis – nuo XIX a. antrosios pusės iki nūdienos. Pateikiama XX a. urbanizacijos procesų ir sprendinių pavyzdžių, aptariama akcentuojant miesto santykio su gamta, želdynais, t. y. gyvo, tvaraus miesto kraštovaizdžio, formavimo problematiką.

Journey to Frederick Douglass’s Chicago Jubilee

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
John Mccluskey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
General Public ◽  
Frederick Douglass ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
American Vernacular

To the general public, the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 was a technological, visual, and cultural showcase in Chicago. For an aging Frederick Douglass, the months-long event presented a set of questions urgent at the dawn of the twentieth century: What does it mean to be civilized? How central for Douglass were seemingly foreign notions of achievements related from ancient Egypt and contemporary Haiti to answering this question? Closer to home, can and should an African American/American vernacular be admitted into any discussion of a national and “racial” identity? Though unresolved by Douglass’ generation, such questions—aesthetic, historical, and political-- would remain important to understanding the tensions and achievements of the Black urban renaissances of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Assessing The Stregth And Weldability Of Historic Structural Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Jacek Dudkiewicz ◽  
Bronisław Gosowski ◽  
Piotr Organek
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Weldability Tests ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In practice, in the design stage of revitalization, renovation or reinforcement, there is often a need to determine the strength of steel as well as its weldability. The strength of steel can be determined in two ways: directly through destructive testing or indirectly - by the Brinell hardness test. In the case of weldability, this turns out to be much more difficult, because there are three groups of factors which determine this property, i.e.: local weldability, operative weldability, and overall weldability. This paper presents the results of the verification of the relationship between the hardness and strength of three grades of steel from the early twentieth century. The evaluation of the overall weldability of structural steels is discussed in an analytical approach preceding costly weldability tests. An assessment based on selected indicators of weldability can only lead to confusion.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

Poetic Trespass

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lital Levy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Prose Poetry ◽  
Old World ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Emile Habiby ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

A Palestinian-Israeli poet declares a new state whose language, “Homelandic,” is a combination of Arabic and Hebrew. A Jewish-Israeli author imagines a “language plague” that infects young Hebrew speakers with old world accents, and sends the narrator in search of his Arabic heritage. This book brings together such startling visions to offer the first in-depth study of the relationship between Hebrew and Arabic in the literature and culture of Israel/Palestine. More than that, the book presents a captivating portrait of the literary imagination's power to transgress political boundaries and transform ideas about language and belonging. Blending history and literature, the book traces the interwoven life of Arabic and Hebrew in Israel/Palestine from the turn of the twentieth century to the present, exposing the two languages' intimate entanglements in contemporary works of prose, poetry, film, and visual art by both Palestinian and Jewish citizens of Israel. In a context where intense political and social pressures work to identify Jews with Hebrew and Palestinians with Arabic, the book finds writers who have boldly crossed over this divide to create literature in the language of their “other,” as well as writers who bring the two languages into dialogue to rewrite them from within. Exploring such acts of poetic trespass, the book introduces new readings of canonical and lesser-known authors, including Emile Habiby, Hayyim Nahman Bialik, Anton Shammas, Saul Tchernichowsky, Samir Naqqash, Ronit Matalon, Salman Masalha, A. B. Yehoshua, and Almog Behar. By revealing uncommon visions of what it means to write in Arabic and Hebrew, the book will change the way we understand literature and culture in the shadow of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

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