scholarly journals Nordic Modernism for Beginners

Humanities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Brantly
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Movements ◽  
Scandinavian Literature

This essay proposes a narrative of the Nordic countries’ relationship to modernism and other major literary trends of the late 19th and 20th centuries, that situates them in conjunction with the rest of Europe. “Masterpieces of Scandinavian Literature: the 20th Century” is a course that has been taught to American college students without expertise in literature or Scandinavia for three decades. This article describes the content and methodologies of the course and how Nordic modernisms are explained to this particular audience of beginners. Simple definitions of modernism and other related literary movements are provided. By focusing on this unified literary historical narrative and highlighting the pioneers of Scandinavian literature, the Nordic countries are presented as solid participants in European literary and cultural history. Further, the social realism of the Modern Breakthrough emerges as one of the Nordic countries distinct contributions to world literature.

scholarly journals Termodinâmica e Revolução industrial: Uma abordagem por meio da História Cultural da Ciência

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 71-97
Author(s):  
Geilson Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Nádia Cristina Guimarães Errobidart
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Format ◽  
Didactic Material

ResumoO Ensino de Ciências ainda apresenta vertentes que prezam por práticas pautadas predominantemente na repetição e memorização de exercícios. Essa abordagem leva a dificuldades de aprendizagem dos discentes, bem como, o desinteresse pela ciência e pelo seu processo de construção. Uma das formas de romper com essa abordagem trata-se da utilização da História Cultural Científica no qual a ciência é vista como integrante da cultura humana. Assim sendo, objetivamos elaborar um material didático em formato de texto narrativo histórico que contemplasse a abordagem cultural científica da Termodinâmica pautados nas abordagens internalista e externalista. Para isso utilizamos da pesquisa bibliográfica em fontes secundárias, com o intuito de elucidar as contribuições culturais e científicas da Revolução Industrial para o desenvolvimento da Termodinâmica. Deste modo, foi possível elucidar as necessidades sociais que foram predominantes para o aperfeiçoamento das máquinas térmicas e a evolução dos processos técnicos para os científicos que culminaram nas leis da Termodinâmica. Diante disso, a visão internalista e externalista, foram abordadas de forma integradas permitindo que a narrativa histórica seja uma possibilidade de abordagem da História Cultural Científica.Palavras-chave: Estudo do Calor; História da Ciência; Máquinas Térmicas.AbstractThe teaching of science still presents aspects that emphasize practices based predominantly on repetition and memorization of exercises. This approach leads to learning difficulties of students, as well as the lack of interest in science and its construction process. One of the ways to break with this approach is the use of scientific Cultural history in which science is seen as a member of human culture. Thus, we aim to elaborate a didactic material in a historical narrative format that contemfaced the scientific cultural approach of thermodynamics based on internalist and externalist approaches. For this we use the bibliographic research in secondary sources, with the aim of eluciding the cultural and scientific contributions of the Industrial Revolution for the development of thermodynamics. Thus, it was possible to elucidates the social needs that were predominant for the improvement of the thermal machines and the evolution of the technical processes for the scientific ones that culminated in the laws of thermodynamics. In view of this, the internalist and Externalist vision, were approached in an integrated way allowing the historical narrative to be a possibility of approaching the scientific Cultural historyKeywords: Heat Study; History of Science; Industrial Revolution.

scholarly journals La literatura intimista en Bolivia, una historia el siglo XXI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Fisbach
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Narrative Paradigm ◽  
The Social

Since the end of the 20th century, Bolivian literature has started liberating itself from social realism to favour subjectivism and formal experimentation. There is no more denouncing of exploitation, injustice, inequality but an interest in the confusion experienced by individuals in today’s globalised world. One of the most prominent characteristics of this narrative is the change in the perception of space which used to predetermine the plot, the characters’ psychology or the social relationships. Space now becomes the space of the characters’ transformation, changeable spaces which follow individual dramas. First, this essay defines the orientations of this literature of the end of last century, then it analyses the narrative paradigm in the writings published since the 1990s.

The History of Motorization in Japan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Forthcoming Article ◽  
The Social ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian History ◽  
1960S And 1970S

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. Please check back later for the full article. In 1907 the first Japanese-made motorcar was unveiled. A century later, the phenomenon of kuruma banare [車離れ], literally “turning one’s back on the car,” but often translated as “de-motorization,” appeared in the international press. Falling sales suggested that Japan’s domestic car market had reached full capacity reversing an almost continuous historical trend of increasing car ownership. In the 1960s and 1970s, personal car ownership changed the social and cultural fabric of everyday life and transformed the urban environment and landscape. However, the automobile also became the focus of anxieties about traffic congestion, air pollution, noise levels, and safety and by the end of the 20th century was seen as ultimately damaging to community, social harmony, and the environment. While reports of the death of the motorcar turned out to be exaggerations, Japan became the “Asian pathfinder” for setting ultimate limits for the growth of fossil-fueled automobiles worldwide. Historiographically, the focus on the astounding success of Japan’s major automobile manufacturers in international markets drew attention away from the social and cultural history of the car itself in Japan. Yet the story of how Japan was transformed from an essentially wheel-less society at the dawn of the 20th century into the first industrial power to have achieved almost full-capacity car ownership is no less remarkable and sheds light on current dilemmas surrounding car use and sustainability in developing countries such as China and India.

scholarly journals The Sociocultural Aspects of Merchant Class in the Light of Russian Painting Art

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kamile Sinem Kucuk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Sociocultural Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
History Of

The merchant class, which contributed to the improvement of Russia, evolved due to politicial reforms. Especially in 1861 the emancipation reform of the Russian serfs caused social and culturel changes in the life of merchants. In 19th and early 20th century, the works of Russian genre painters P.A. Fedetov, A.P. Ryabushkin, V.G. Perov, F. Juravlev and B.M. Kustodiyev not only reflected the social situation and stereotypes of merchants, but also revealed cultural history of the mentioned class. In this paper it is aimed to disclose the evolution of merchant class in 19th and the early 20th century, observing and analysing the art of Russian painting in sociocultural perspective.

scholarly journals Social Theory, Photography and the Visual Aesthetic of Cultural Modernity

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Ray
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Social Form ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Realism Debate

Social theory and photographic aesthetics both engage with issues of representation, realism and validity, having crossed paths in theoretical and methodological controversies. This discussion begins with reflections on the realism debate in photography, arguing that beyond the polar positions of realism and constructivism the photographic image is essentially ambivalent, reflecting the ways in which it is situated within cultural modernity. The discussion draws critically on Simmel’s sociology of the visual to elucidate these issues and compares his concept of social forms and their development with the emergence of the photograph. Several dimensions of ambivalence are elaborated with reference to the politics and aesthetics socially engaged photography in the first half of the 20th century. It presents a case for the autonomy of the photographic as a social form that nonetheless has the potential to point beyond reality to immanent possibilities. The discussion exemplifies the processes of aesthetic formation with reference to the ‘New Vision’ artwork of László Moholy-Nagy and the social realism of Edith Tudor Hart.

Cinematic Search for Identity in the Shade of Turkey’s 1960 Coup: The Social Realism Debate and The Hope

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Celal Hayir ◽  
Ayman Kole
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turkish Cinema ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Democratic Constitution ◽  
Realism Debate

When the Turkish army seized power on May 27th, 1960, a new democratic constitution was carried into effect. The positive atmosphere created by the 1961 constitution quickly showed its effects on political balances in the parliament and it became difficult for one single party to come into power, which strengthened the multi-party-system. The freedom initiative created by 1961’s constitution had a direct effect on the rise of public opposition. Filmmakers, who generally steered clear from the discussion of social problems and conflicts until 1960, started to produce movies questioning conflicts in political, social and cultural life for the first time and discussions about the “Social Realism” movement in the ensuing films arose in cinematic circles in Turkey. At the same time, the “regional managers” emerged, and movies in line with demands of this system started to be produced. The Hope (Umut), produced by Yılmaz Güney in 1970, rang in a new era in Turkish cinema, because it differed from other movies previously made in its cinematic language, expression, and use of actors and settings. The aim of this study is to mention the reality discussions in Turkish cinema and outline the political facts which initiated this expression leading up to the film Umut (The Hope, directed by Yılmaz Güney), which has been accepted as the most distinctive social realist movie in Turkey. 

Lord Dacre and the Politics of the Scottish Enlightenment

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
North East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Scottish History

Hugh Trevor-Roper (Lord Dacre) made several iconoclastic interventions in the field of Scottish history. These earned him a notoriety in Scottish circles which, while not undeserved, has led to the reductive dismissal of Trevor-Roper's ideas, particularly his controversial interpretation of the Scottish Enlightenment, as the product of Scotophobia. In their indignation Scottish historians have missed the wider issues which prompted Trevor-Roper's investigation of the Scottish Enlightenment as a fascinating case study in European cultural history. Notably, Trevor-Roper used the example of Scotland to challenge Weberian-inspired notions of Puritan progressivism, arguing instead that the Arminian culture of north-east Scotland had played a disproportionate role in the rise of the Scottish Enlightenment. Indeed, working on the assumption that the essence of Enlightenment was its assault on clerical bigotry, Trevor-Roper sought the roots of the Scottish Enlightenment in Jacobitism, the counter-cultural alternative to post-1690 Scotland's Calvinist Kirk establishment. Though easily misconstrued as a dogmatic conservative, Trevor-Roper flirted with Marxisant sociology, not least in his account of the social underpinnings of the Scottish Enlightenment. Trevor-Roper argued that it was the rapidity of eighteenth-century Scotland's social and economic transformation which had produced in one generation a remarkable body of political economy conceptualising social change, and in the next a romantic movement whose powers of nostalgic enchantment were felt across the breadth of Europe.

Könyvismertetések

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Magda Ritoókné Ádám ◽  
Olivér Nagybányai Nagy ◽  
Csaba Pléh ◽  
Attila Keresztes
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Issues

VárinéSzilágyiIbolya: Építészprofilok, akik a 70-es, 80-as években indultak(Ritoókné Ádám Magda)      407RacsmányMihály(szerk.): Afejlődés zavarai és vizsgálómódszerei(Nagybányai Nagy Olivér)     409Új irányzatok és a bejárt út a pszichológiatörténet-írásban (Mandler, G.: Interesting times. An encounter with the 20th century; Hergenhahn, B. N.: An introduction to the history of psychology; Schultz, D. P.,Schultz, S. E.: A history of modern psychology; Greenwood, J. D.: The disappearance of the social in American social psychology;Bem, S.,LoorendeJong, H.: Theoretical issues in psychology. An introduction; Sternberg, R. J. (ed.)Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?;Dalton, D. C.,Evans, R. B. (eds): __

Main Forms of Propagandistic Activities of the Right-Wing Parties (1904–1914)

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 656-676
Author(s):  
Igor V. Omeliyanchuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the main forms and methods of agitation and propagandistic activities of monarchic parties in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century. Among them the author singles out such ones as periodical press, publication of books, brochures and flyers, organization of manifestations, religious processions, public prayers and funeral services, sending deputations to the monarch, organization of public lectures and readings for the people, as well as various philanthropic events. Using various forms of propagandistic activities the monarchists aspired to embrace all social groups and classes of the population in order to organize all-class and all-estate political movement in support of the autocracy. While they gained certain success in promoting their ideology, the Rights, nevertheless, lost to their adversaries from the radical opposition camp, as the monarchists constrained by their conservative ideology, could not promise immediate social and political changes to the population, and that fact was excessively used by their opponents. Moreover, the ideological paradigm of the Right camp expressed in the “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality” formula no longer agreed with the social and economic realities of Russia due to modernization processes that were underway in the country from the middle of the 19th century.

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