scholarly journals Age-Related Changes to Eating and Swallowing Impact Frailty: Aspiration, Choking Risk, Modified Food Texture and Autonomy of Choice

Geriatrics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Cichero
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Frail Elders ◽  
Food Texture ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Age Related Changes

Reductions in muscle mass and strength are well known complications of advancing age. All muscles of the body are affected, including those critical to chewing and swallowing. A diagnosis of frailty and its features of weakness and unintentional weight loss are particularly relevant to the aging swallowing system. Age related changes to eating and swallowing function means that there is a natural tendency for elders to self-select ‘soft’ foods due to loss of dentition and fatigue on chewing. However, it is not well known that tooth loss and poor dental status is associated with increased choking risk, especially as people age. In fact, people over 65 years of age have seven times higher risk for choking on food than children aged 1–4 years of age. Texture modified foods are provided clinically to reduce choking risk and manage dysphagia. Although certain food textures offer greater swallowing safety, they significantly restrict food choice. This commentary paper will highlight age-related changes to the eating and swallowing system, noting especially those that are relevant for frail elders. Swallowing impairments also affect the ability to manage liquids, and aspiration risk in healthy and frail elders is also discussed. Modified food textures that are most often recommended by clinicians to maintain sufficient oral intake and reduce choking risk will be described, while also highlighting the nutritional challenges associated with these foods and offering some solutions. The ethical challenges associated with balancing the autonomy of choice of food textures with swallowing safety will be addressed.

scholarly journals Age Related Changes in Weight of the Thymus Gland of Bangladeshi People

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Meherunnessa Begum ◽  
Uttam Kumar Paul ◽  
Md Jahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Related Problem ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Key Words Thymus ◽  
Age Related Changes

Context: Thymus is intimately related to the immuno regulatory mechanism of the body, its weight in general as well as at different age in a particular population might also be related to the overall immune status of that population. Thus the knowledge of the weight of the thymus at different ages may be helpful in planning of the medical and surgical treatment of thymus related problem as well as dealing patients from immunologic aspects Objective: To measure the age related changes in weight of the thymus gland of Bangladeshi people Study design: A descriptive type of study Place and period of study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, IPGMR Dhaka from October 1996 to March 1997. Materials: 40 (forty) thymuses from Bangladeshi cadaver of either sex were taken for this study. Method: The collected samples were divided into four age groups ranged from still born to sixty years old individuals and comparative studies were done between different age groups. Result: The thymuses increased significantly in weight steadily through the increasing age groups from the still born babies to <16yrs and then declines through the age still higher. Conclusion: In the present study the weight of the thymus increases through the increasing age groups and then declined. Key words: Thymus; Weight DOI: 10.3329/bja.v8i1.6101 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2010, Vol. 8 No. 1 pp. 10-12

scholarly journals Age-related features of the organization of the microcirculatory bed of the bulbar conjunctiva

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
V. M. Chertok ◽  
V. A. Nevzorova ◽  
A. K. Savchenko ◽  
O. V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
A. V. Laryushkina
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Microcirculatory Bed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Age Related Changes

Objective: Analysis of age-related changes of microcirculatory bed of bulbar conjunctiva.Methods: 46 individuals of both sexes, divided into 5 age groups according to WHO recommendations, were examined. Biomicroscopy of bulbar conjunctiva was performed using a non-mydriatic retinal camera TOPCON TRC-NW8F (Japan); the obtained images were processed with a mea‑ suring device of automated analysis system ImageScope (Leica, Germany).Results: The average diameter of arterioles, arterioleto-venule ratio (AVR) and specific density of capillaries were the largest, and the diameter of venules was the smallest among the subjects aged 18–44 years. The most sensitive indicators of the state of microcirculatory bed were AVR and the specific density of capillaries, the values of which in the group of 45–59-year-olds were 10–11% lower than in people aged 18–24 and 25–44 years. Differences in other indicators between people aged 18-24 and 45–59 years were not significant. Between the groups of 60–74 and 75–86-year-old participants of the study, pronounced differences (about 18%) were found only in the specific density of capillaries: compared with 18–24 and 45–59-year-olds, this indicator decreased by almost 1.5 times, AVR – only by a third, and changes in the average diameter of arterioles and venules did not exceed 9–12%. Elderly people more often demonstrated arteriolar spasm, their uneven caliber, avascular fields and other disorders of the structure of the micro‑ circulatory bed.Conclusions: As the body ages, in the microcirculatory bed of the bulbar conjunctiva, the number of atypical vascular formations increases, the diameter of the arterioles decreases, the AVR and the specific density of capillaries decrease, the diameter of the venules increases. 

scholarly journals Melatonin, aging, and COVID-19: Could melatonin be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment in the elderly?

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1512
Author(s):  
Güler ÖZTÜRK ◽  
Kazime Gonca AKBULUT ◽  
Şevin GÜNEY
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Free Radical Reactions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age Related Changes

The aim of this review is to summarize current studies on the relationship between melatonin and aging. Nowadays, age-related diseases come into prominence, and identifying age-related changes and developing proper therapeutic approaches are counted as some of the major issues regarding community health. Melatonin is the main hormone of the pineal gland. Melatonin is known to influence many biological processes in the body, including circadian rhythms, the immune system, and neuroendocrine and cardiovascular functions.Melatoninrhythms also reflect the biological process of aging. Aging is an extremely complex and multifactorial process. Melatonin levels decline considerably with aging and its decline is associated with several age-related diseases. Aging is closely associated with oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Free radical reactions initiated by the mitochondria constitute the inherent aging process. Melatonin plays a pivotal role in preventing age-related oxidative stress. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fatality rates increase with chronic diseases and age, where melatonin levels decrease. For this reason, melatonin supplementation in elderly could be beneficial in COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, studies on the usage of melatonin in COVID-19 treatment are needed.

scholarly journals Dentistry considerations for the dysphagic patient: Recognition of condition and management

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
Heng Chuan Quek ◽  
Yan Shan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Dysphagic Patient ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Age Related Changes

Dysphagia is a symptom of various underlying medical conditions. It can be attributed to age related changes, neurological, cognitive, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. These conditions may cause functional and anatomical changes along the swallowing tract. Impaired swallowing function and oromotor insufficiencies may result in inadvertent aspiration of fluids and/or particles during dental procedures. This article attempts to highlight the importance of identifying patients with dysphagia and discusses ways to reduce life threatening conditions that may arise during dental procedures.

The Changing Landscape of Vocal Needs in the Aging Baby Boomer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edie R. Hapner
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boom ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Baby Boom Generation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Aging is a natural part of the human condition and the voice is not spared changes with increasing age. There is a progressive decline in the respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory systems associated with aging as a result of sarcopenia, metabolic slowing, and changes to the neuromuscular system that begin earlier in life but accelerate at 60 years. Behavioral and surgical treatments offer people with age-related voice loss (presbyphonia) the opportunity for improved voice quality of life. Interest in these treatments has risen over the past 20 years with the arrival of the baby boom generation reaching 65 years and experiencing age-related changes to voice. Unlike their parents, many baby boomers are not able to retire at 65 years and are required to maintain and even improve their vocal endurance and vocal quality for occupational demands. This article will explore age-related changes to the body, specific to the vocal mechanism, and a summary of several treatments available to improve the voice in light of the changing needs of the baby boom generation as they get older.

Age-Related Changes in Distribution of Body Weight on Soles of Feet for Selected Actions and Postures

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Yanagida ◽  
Takaaki Asami
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Soles Of The Feet ◽  
Age Related Changes

We investigated age-related changes in the distribution of body weight on soles of feet in 878 healthy subjects ranging from 5 to 80 years of age. By modifying Morton's Staticometer, we constructed an instrument for measuring body-weight distribution over three areas of soles of the feet, the big toe (inner forefoot), the other four toes combined (outer forefoot) and the heels for both feet, thus a total of six areas. The weights in the six areas were recorded at the completion of nine selected actions and postures. We observed that for inhaling and exhaling standing postures, generally younger subjects had a ratio close to 1:2:3 for weights recorded for the inner toe:outer toes:heels as observed by Morton, but elderly subjects had a smaller value than 3 for the heel. The body-weight distribution tended to shift from heels to outer toes across age groups, which was more distinctly observed in women than in men.

scholarly journals The Swallowing Mechanism and Age-related Changes in Swallowing Function

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 715-719
Author(s):  
Masamitsu HYODO ◽  
Kaori NISHIKUBO ◽  
Misato AMEYA ◽  
Kazuyo MISE
Keyword(s):  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Experience of using apitherapy in elderly patients with discirculatory encephalopathy

1997 ◽  
Vol XXIX (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Е. A. Antipenko ◽  
L. M. Anisimova ◽  
А. V. Deryugina ◽  
А. V. Gustov ◽  
V. N. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Difficulties in treating discirculatory encephalopathy (DE) in the elderly are caused by a combination of degenerative and vascular processes, which mutually burden each other. The development of the disease against the background of natural aging of the body makes it necessary to take into account age-related changes in the reactivity of the body, a decrease in its adaptive capabilities, and a violation of the mechanisms of autoregulation [6]. This whole complex of pathological changes requires a special therapeutic approach that considers the body as a single functional system. It can be assumed that drugs of a non-specific plan will be effective, mobilizing the internal reserves of an aging organism.

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