scholarly journals Proteome-Wide Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi Exponential and Stationary Growth Phases Reveals a Subcellular Compartment-Specific Regulation

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Avila ◽  
Simon Mule ◽  
Livia Rosa-Fernandes ◽  
Rosa Viner ◽  
María Barisón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Subcellular Compartment

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, cycles through different life stages characterized by defined molecular traits associated with the proliferative or differentiation state. In particular, T. cruzi epimastigotes are the replicative forms that colonize the intestine of the Triatomine insect vector before entering the stationary phase that is crucial for differentiation into metacyclic trypomastigotes, which are the infective forms of mammalian hosts. The transition from proliferative exponential phase to quiescent stationary phase represents an important step that recapitulates the early molecular events of metacyclogenesis, opening new possibilities for understanding this process. In this study, we report a quantitative shotgun proteomic analysis of the T. cruzi epimastigote in the exponential and stationary growth phases. More than 3000 proteins were detected and quantified, highlighting the regulation of proteins involved in different subcellular compartments. Ribosomal proteins were upregulated in the exponential phase, supporting the higher replication rate of this growth phase. Autophagy-related proteins were upregulated in the stationary growth phase, indicating the onset of the metacyclogenesis process. Moreover, this study reports the regulation of N-terminally acetylated proteins during growth phase transitioning, adding a new layer of regulation to this process. Taken together, this study reports a proteome-wide rewiring during T. cruzi transit from the replicative exponential phase to the stationary growth phase, which is the preparatory phase for differentiation.

scholarly journals Conversion of Daidzein and Genistein by an Anaerobic Bacterium Newly Isolated from the Mouse Intestine

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (15) ◽  
pp. 4847-4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Matthies ◽  
Thomas Clavel ◽  
Michael Gütschow ◽  
Wolfram Engst ◽  
Dirk Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Enzyme Induction ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Mouse Intestine

ABSTRACT The metabolism of isoflavones by gut bacteria plays a key role in the availability and bioactivation of these compounds in the intestine. Daidzein and genistein are the most common dietary soy isoflavones. While daidzein conversion yielding equol has been known for some time, the corresponding formation of 5-hydroxy-equol from genistein has not been reported previously. We isolated a strictly anaerobic bacterium (Mt1B8) from the mouse intestine which converted daidzein via dihydrodaidzein to equol as well as genistein via dihydrogenistein to 5-hydroxy-equol. Strain Mt1B8 was a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium identified as a member of the Coriobacteriaceae. Strain Mt1B8 also transformed dihydrodaidzein and dihydrogenistein to equol and 5-hydroxy-equol, respectively. The conversion of daidzein, genistein, dihydrodaidzein, and dihydrogenistein in the stationary growth phase depended on preincubation with the corresponding isoflavonoid, indicating enzyme induction. Moreover, dihydrogenistein was transformed even more rapidly in the stationary phase when strain Mt1B8 was grown on either genistein or daidzein. Growing the cells on daidzein also enabled conversion of genistein. This suggests that the same enzymes are involved in the conversion of the two isoflavones.

scholarly journals Borrelia burgdorferi Proteins Whose Expression Is Similarly Affected by Culture Temperature and pH

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2739-2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Ramamoorthy ◽  
Dorothy Scholl-Meeker
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Culture Temperature ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Midgut Ph ◽  
Tick Midgut

ABSTRACT Previously, we had demonstrated the upregulation in the expression of several proteins, including the lipoproteins OspC and P35, ofBorrelia burgdorferi in the stationary growth phase. Since the expression of OspC is also known to be affected by culture temperature and pH, we examined the effects of both variables on the expression of the remaining stationary-phase-upregulated proteins. Our study revealed that the expression of each of the remaining stationary-phase-upregulated proteins, P35 included, was also influenced by culture temperature; these proteins were selectively expressed at 34°C but not at 24°C. Significantly, the expression of a majority of these proteins was also affected by culture pH, since they were abundantly expressed at pH 7.0 (resembling the tick midgut pH of 6.8 during feeding) but only sparsely at pH 8.0 (a condition closer to that of the unfed tick midgut pH of 7.4). We propose that this group of B. burgdorferi proteins, which in culture is selectively expressed under conditions of 34°C and pH 7.0, may be induced in the tick midgut during the feeding event. Furthermore, the differential and coordinate expression of these proteins under different environmental conditions suggests that the encoding genes may be coregulated.

scholarly journals The Stationary-Phase Sigma Factor σS Is Responsible for the Resistance of Escherichia coli Stationary-Phase Cells to mazEF-Mediated Cell Death

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (9) ◽  
pp. 3177-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Kolodkin-Gal ◽  
Hanna Engelberg-Kulka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Gene Encoding

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli mazEF is a toxin-antitoxin gene module that mediates cell death during exponential-phase cellular growth through either reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent or ROS-independent pathways. Here, we found that the stationary-phase sigma factor σS was responsible for the resistance to mazEF-mediated cell death during stationary growth phase. Deletion of rpoS, the gene encoding σS from the bacterial chromosome, permitted mazEF-mediated cell death during stationary growth phase.

Effects of Additional Mg2+ on the Growth and Lipid Accumulation of Monoraphidium Sp. FXY-10 under Mixotrophic Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 920-927
Author(s):  
Rao Qiong Che ◽  
Qiu Mei Wang ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Xu Ya Yu
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mixotrophic Conditions

The effects of additional Mg2+ on the growth and lipid accumulation of the microalgae Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 under mixotrophic conditions were investigated. 100 μmol Mg2+ were added to the growth media during the stationary growth phase. Compared with the control (35.25%), the highest lipid content reached up to 37.13% biomass after Mg2+ was added to the media. Moreover, the higher lipid productivity of 79.83 mg L1 d1 and the biomass productivity of 214.65 mg L1 d1 were attained in the Mg2+-supplemented cultures, as compared with cultures without supplemented (72.95 mg L1 d1 and 179.28 mg L1 d1, respectively). The use of Mg2+ supplements were proven to stimulate cell regrowth, prolong the stationary phase, and promote lipid accumulation in Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10.

scholarly journals Lipid and Fatty Acids Accumulation Features of Entomoneis cf. paludosa during Exponential and Stationary Growth Phases in Laboratory Culture

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Yekaterina Bedoshvili ◽  
Yulia Podunay ◽  
Alyona Nikonova ◽  
Artyom Marchenkov ◽  
Elvira Bairamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Culture Growth

Diatoms are capable of accumulating substantial amounts of triacylglycerides in their cells, which differ in the composition of fatty acids depending on the conditions of cultivation, making them attractive subjects in biotechnology. In the present study, we characterized the structural features of lipid bodies in the diatom Entomoneis cf. paludosa (W. Smith) Reimer strain 8.0727-B and revealed the peculiarities of fatty acid composition in cultures during the stationary and exponential growth phases. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed an increased number of lipid bodies in the cytoplasm during the stationary phase of culture growth. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections showed that an extreme increase in the number and size of plastoglobules in the cells occurs in the stationary phase of culture growth. The gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection method revealed differences in the fatty acid composition depending on the growth phase. The studied strain can be recommended as a source of hexadecanoic and octadecanoic fatty acids from the culture during the stationary growth phase, as well as eicosapentaenoic fatty acid from the culture during the exponential growth phase.

The role of catalase isozymes in the culturability of the root colonizer Pseudomonas putida after exposure to hydrogen peroxide and antibiotics

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Klotz ◽  
Anne J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Early Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Mutant Cells

The culturability of Pseudomonas putida cells after exposure to hydrogen peroxide and antibiotics was correlated with growth-dependent expression of catalase isozymes. Exponential phase wild-type cells, which contained catalase isozyme A, survived a 15-min treatment with less than 4 mM hydrogen peroxide, but were killed by higher concentrations. The culturability of P. putida mutant JIM, which lacked any functional catalase in exponential phase, was reduced by more than 75% after a 15-min exposure to ≥ 0.25 mM hydrogen peroxide. Because submillimolar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are physiologically relevant in the bacterial cell, our results demonstrate that catalase isozyme A has essential housekeeping functions for growing cultures of P. putida. The accumulation of catalase isozymes B and C during growth into stationary phase coincided with a decrease in the sensitivity of wild-type and JIM cells of P. putida to hydrogen peroxide. Late stationary phase wild-type cells survived a 15-min exposure to even 50 mM hydrogen peroxide and mutant J1M cells survived exposure to 20 mM but not 50 mM hydrogen peroxide. The antibiotics tetracycline and kanamycin, which inhibit protein synthesis, were used to study the role of catalase induction in resistance to hydrogen peroxide. More than 40 and 80% of exponential phase cells of P. putida wild-type and J1M strains, respectively, were rendered nonculturable after a 20-min exposure to 45 μM tetracycline. Surprisingly, stationary phase cells of both P. putida strains were culturable after a 20-min exposure to tetracycline but remained sensitive to kanamycin. Exposure to tetracycline of stationary phase cells did not reduce the resistance of these cells to hydrogen peroxide. Tetracycline but not kanamycin increased the activity of catalase in lysates prepared from P. putida wild-type and mutant cells in early stationary growth phase. At this growth phase, only catalase isozyme B is operational in both strains, which suggests that tetracycline affects the activity of this enzyme.Key words: Pseudomonas putida, antibiotics, catalase, culturability, growth phase.

The Lipid Composition of the Coccolithophore Emiliania Huxleyi and Its Possible Ecophysiological Significance

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Pond ◽  
R.P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
South African Isolate ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The lipid class and fatty acid composition of eight geographically disperse isolates of Emiliania huxleyi, grown under 12 h L:D cycles and harvested during logarithmic and stationary growth phases, were examined. Cell size and chlorophyll content tended to decrease from logarithmic to stationary growth phase, Methyl and ethyl ketones were the dominant lipid classes, although proportions exhibited no clear pattern either between strains or growth phases. Neutral lipid hardly accumulated over the course of the growth experiments, and triacylglycerol was either absent or only present at low levels. In all strains with the exception of a South African isolate, levels of total fatty acid per cell decreased markedly between logarithmic and stationary phases, primarily attributable to reductions in the levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Major fatty acids in all strains during both growth phases were 14:0,16:0,18:1 (n-9), 18:4 (n-3), 18:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3). Although all strains were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (47–72% of total fatty acids) stationary phase cultures consistently contained the highest proportions. The polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexanoic acid (22:6, n-3) was the most abundant fatty acid in all strains, comprising a maximum of 38·4% of total fatty acids in strain M 181 during stationary phase. Multivariate analysis (PCA) allowed logarithmic and stationary phase cultures to be distinguished although no obvious intra-isolate variability was apparent. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of lipids for the ecophysiology of E. huxleyi and the role of this dominant coccolithophore in the marine food chain.

Differences in the Lipid Distribution in Subcellular Fractions of Mouse Fibroblasts Derived from Logarithmic and Stationary Growth

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Peter Kulas ◽  
F. Alfred Anderer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Class ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Mouse Fibroblasts

Abstract The lipid class compositions of subcellular fractions of SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts derived from the logarithmic and stationary growth phase were compared. Cell populations of the stationary growth phase showed a relative decrease of the protein content and an increase of triglycerides and alkoxydiglycerides which could be located in the non-sedimenting fraction and in the nuclei and mitochondria containing fraction, respectively. Furtheron, distinct shifts in the subcellular distribution of those lipid classes could be observed which exhibited no relative overall increase or decrease when the cells of both growth phases were compared. In the crude plasma membrane fraction the ratio “lipid class/protein” remained about constant with the exception of the phospholipids and alkoxydiglycerides.

scholarly journals The extracellular proteome of Rhizobium etli CE3 in exponential and stationary growth phase

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niurka Meneses ◽  
Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández ◽  
Sergio Encarnación
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Rhizobium Etli ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Extracellular Proteome
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