scholarly journals Pathogenesis of the Candida parapsilosis Complex in the Model Host Caenorhabditis elegans

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Remondi Souza ◽  
Beth Burgwyn Fuchs ◽  
Viviane de Souza Alves ◽  
Elamparithi Jayamani ◽  
Arnaldo Lopes Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis Complex ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Model C

Caenorhabditis elegans is a valuable tool as an infection model toward the study of Candida species. In this work, we endeavored to develop a C. elegans-Candida parapsilosis infection model by using the fungi as a food source. Three species of the C. parapsilosis complex (C. parapsilosis (sensu stricto), Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis) caused infection resulting in C. elegans killing. All three strains that comprised the complex significantly diminished the nematode lifespan, indicating the virulence of the pathogens against the host. The infection process included invasion of the intestine and vulva which resulted in organ protrusion and hyphae formation. Importantly, hyphae formation at the vulva opening was not previously reported in C. elegans-Candida infections. Fungal infected worms in the liquid assay were susceptible to fluconazole and caspofungin and could be found to mount an immune response mediated through increased expression of cnc-4, cnc-7, and fipr-22/23. Overall, the C. elegans-C. parapsilosis infection model can be used to model C. parapsilosis host-pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility and virulence attributes of animal-derived isolates of Candida parapsilosis complex

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1568-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
Terezinha de Jesus Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Cordeiro Teixeira ◽  
Ramila de Brito Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis Complex ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis

This study aimed to identify strains of the Candida parapsilosis complex isolated from animals, as well as to assess their in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile and in vitro production of virulence attributes. We used 28 isolates of C. parapsilosis sensu lato recovered from clinically healthy animals. The strains were characterized phenotypically, followed by molecular identification of the species through PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. The susceptibility of the strains to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole and caspofungin was assessed through broth microdilution. Additionally, the ability of the strains to produce biofilm, phospholipases and proteases was analysed. Molecular analysis showed 13 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 10 Candida orthopsilosis and five Candida metapsilosis strains. In vitro resistance to fluconazole was observed in three strains of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and two C. metapsilosis. All tested strains were able to form biofilms and 23/28 isolates presented protease production, whilst none was able to produce phospholipases. Our study showed that C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis are the most common species of the C. parapsilosis species complex and that these cryptic species present no significant phenotypical differences.

scholarly journals A case series of medically managed Candida Parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis and literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghao Guo ◽  
Yuting He ◽  
Rui Fan ◽  
Zhongwen Wu ◽  
Yili Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis Complex ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis

Abstract Background: In recent years, Candida parapsilosis is recognized as a species complex and is composed of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis and Candida Parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is rare and the survival rate is still low despite of optimal therapeutic strategies. Our paper is the first to report cases as Candida Parapsilosis complex PVE. Case presentation: A series of 4 cases of Candida Parapsilosis complex PVE from our institution was reported. Three were infected by Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and one was infected by Candida metapsilosis. The condition of two cases got better and the other died. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to Candida Parapsilosis complex PVE and early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy may play a role in the treatment for Candida Parapsilosis complex PVE

scholarly journals A case series of medically managed Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghao Guo ◽  
Yuting He ◽  
Rui Fan ◽  
Zhongwen Wu ◽  
Yili Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Background In recent years, Candida parapsilosis is recognized as a species complex and is composed of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is rare and the survival rate is still low despite of optimal therapeutic strategies. In our report, it is novel to report cases as Candida parapsilosis complex PVE at species and identify Candida parapsilosis using MALDI-TOF MS. Case presentation A series of 4 cases of Candida parapsilosis complex PVE from our institution was reported. Three were infected by Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and one was infected by Candida metapsilosis. The condition of two cases got better and the other died. Conclusions More attention should be paid to Candida parapsilosis complex PVE and early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy may play a role in the treatment for Candida parapsilosis complex PVE. It is recommended to identify Candida parapsilosis complex at species level and MALDI-TOF MS as an easy, fast and efficient identification method is worth promoting in clinical microbiology

scholarly journals Iron Acquisition of Urinary Tract Infection Escherichia coli Involves Pathogenicity in Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hashimoto ◽  
Yi-Fen Ma ◽  
Sin-Tian Wang ◽  
Chang-Shi Chen ◽  
Ching-Hao Teng
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Tract Infections

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major bacterial pathogen that causes urinary tract infections (UTIs). The mouse is an available UTI model for studying the pathogenicity; however, Caenorhabditis elegans represents as an alternative surrogate host with the capacity for high-throughput analysis. Then, we established a simple assay for a UPEC infection model with C. elegans for large-scale screening. A total of 133 clinically isolated E. coli strains, which included UTI-associated and fecal isolates, were applied to demonstrate the simple pathogenicity assay. From the screening, several virulence factors (VFs) involved with iron acquisition (chuA, fyuA, and irp2) were significantly associated with high pathogenicity. We then evaluated whether the VFs in UPEC were involved in the pathogenicity. Mutants of E. coli UTI89 with defective iron acquisition systems were applied to a solid killing assay with C. elegans. As a result, the survival rate of C. elegans fed with the mutants significantly increased compared to when fed with the parent strain. The results demonstrated, the simple assay with C. elegans was useful as a UPEC infectious model. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the involvement of iron acquisition in the pathogenicity of UPEC in a C. elegans model.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Echinocandins Resistance by MALDI-TOF MS in Candida parapsilosis Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ana Emília M. Roberto ◽  
Danilo E. Xavier ◽  
Esteban E. Vidal ◽  
Cláudia Fernanda de L. Vidal ◽  
Rejane P. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Separation Parameter ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis Complex

Mass spectrometry by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) was used to identify and differentiate the pattern of susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis complex. 17 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 2 C. orthopsilosis, and 1 C. metapsilosis strains were obtained from blood cultures, and three different inocula (103, 105, and 107 CFU/mL) were evaluated against three echinocandins at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 16 µg/mL after incubation of 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. Drug-free control was used. The spectra obtained at these concentrations were applied to generate composite correlation index (CCI) matrices for each yeast individually. After cross correlations and autocorrelations of each spectra with null (zero) and maximal (16) concentrations, the CCI was used as separation parameter among spectra. Incubation time and inoculum were critical factors to reach higher precision and reliability of this trial. With an incubation time of 3 h and inoculum of 107 CFU/mL, it was possible to determine the breakpoint of the clinical yeasts by MALDI-TOF that presented high agreement with the clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) reference method. Herein, we show that mass spectrometry using the MALDI-TOF technique is powerful when it exploits antifungal susceptibility testing assays.

scholarly journals Candida albicans Hyphal Formation and Virulence Assessed Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Infection Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Read Pukkila-Worley ◽  
Anton Y. Peleg ◽  
Emmanouil Tampakakis ◽  
Eleftherios Mylonakis
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Hyphal Formation

ABSTRACT Candida albicans colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract and can cause life-threatening systemic infection in susceptible hosts. We study here C. albicans virulence determinants using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in a pathogenesis system that models candidiasis. The yeast form of C. albicans is ingested into the C. elegans digestive tract. In liquid media, the yeast cells then undergo morphological change to form hyphae, which results in aggressive tissue destruction and death of the nematode. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that hyphal formation is critical for C. albicans pathogenesis in C. elegans. First, two yeast species unable to form hyphae (Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida lusitaniae) were less virulent than C. albicans in the C. elegans assay. Second, three C. albicans mutant strains compromised in their ability to form hyphae (efg1Δ/efg1Δ, flo8Δ/flo8Δ, and cph1Δ/cph1Δ efg1Δ/efg1Δ) were dramatically attenuated for virulence. Third, the conditional tet-NRG1 strain, which enables the external manipulation of morphogenesis in vivo, was more virulent toward C. elegans when the assay was conducted under conditions that permit hyphal growth. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the C. elegans assay in a screen for C. albicans virulence determinants, which identified several genes important for both hyphal formation in vivo and the killing of C. elegans, including the recently described CAS5 and ADA2 genes. These studies in a C. elegans-C. albicans infection model provide insights into the virulence mechanisms of an important human pathogen.

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans as an Infection Model for Pathogenic Mold and Dimorphic Fungi: Applications and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule ◽  
Blessing C. Ezeuduji ◽  
James C. Ogbonna ◽  
Anene N. Moneke ◽  
Anthony C. Ike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
C Elegans

The threat burden from pathogenic fungi is universal and increasing with alarming high mortality and morbidity rates from invasive fungal infections. Understanding the virulence factors of these fungi, screening effective antifungal agents and exploring appropriate treatment approaches in in vivo modeling organisms are vital research projects for controlling mycoses. Caenorhabditis elegans has been proven to be a valuable tool in studies of most clinically relevant dimorphic fungi, helping to identify a number of virulence factors and immune-regulators and screen effective antifungal agents without cytotoxic effects. However, little has been achieved and reported with regard to pathogenic filamentous fungi (molds) in the nematode model. In this review, we have summarized the enormous breakthrough of applying a C. elegans infection model for dimorphic fungi studies and the very few reports for filamentous fungi. We have also identified and discussed the challenges in C. elegans-mold modeling applications as well as the possible approaches to conquer these challenges from our practical knowledge in C. elegans-Aspergillus fumigatus model.

scholarly journals Feeding behaviour of Caenorhabditis elegans is an indicator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 virulence

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Lewenza ◽  
Laetitia Charron-Mazenod ◽  
Lauriane Giroux ◽  
Alexandra D Zamponi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Type Iii Effectors ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Transposon Mutants

Caenorhabditis elegans is commonly used as an infection model for pathogenesis studies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While the standard virulence assays rely on the slow and fast killing or paralysis of nematodes, here we developed a behaviour assay to monitor the preferred bacterial food sources of C. elegans. The type III secretion system is a well-conserved virulence trait that is not required for slow or fast killing of C. elegans. However, ΔexsE mutants that are competent for hypersecretion of ExoS, ExoT and ExoY effectors were avoided as food sources in binary assays. Conversely, mutants lacking the secretion machinery or type III effectors were preferred food sources for PAO1. In binary feeding assays, both food sources were ingested and observed in the gastrointestinal tract, but non-preferred food sources were ultimately avoided. Next we developed a high throughput feeding behaviour assay to test a library of 2370 transposon mutants in order to identify preferred food sources. After primary and secondary screens, 37 mutants were identified as preferred food sources, which included mutations in many known virulence genes and that showed reduced virulence in the slow killing assay. We propose that C. elegans feeding behaviour can be used as a sensitive indicator of virulence for bacterial strains that have moderate worm killing activity.

scholarly journals Feeding behaviour of Caenorhabditis elegans is an indicator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 virulence

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Lewenza ◽  
Laetitia Charron-Mazenod ◽  
Lauriane Giroux ◽  
Alexandra D Zamponi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Type Iii Effectors ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Transposon Mutants

Caenorhabditis elegans is commonly used as an infection model for pathogenesis studies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While the standard virulence assays rely on the slow and fast killing or paralysis of nematodes, here we developed a behaviour assay to monitor the preferred bacterial food sources of C. elegans. The type III secretion system is a well-conserved virulence trait that is not required for slow or fast killing of C. elegans. However, ΔexsE mutants that are competent for hypersecretion of ExoS, ExoT and ExoY effectors were avoided as food sources in binary assays. Conversely, mutants lacking the secretion machinery or type III effectors were preferred food sources for PAO1. In binary feeding assays, both food sources were ingested and observed in the gastrointestinal tract, but non-preferred food sources were ultimately avoided. Next we developed a high throughput feeding behaviour assay to test a library of 2370 transposon mutants in order to identify preferred food sources. After primary and secondary screens, 37 mutants were identified as preferred food sources, which included mutations in many known virulence genes and that showed reduced virulence in the slow killing assay. We propose that C. elegans feeding behaviour can be used as a sensitive indicator of virulence for bacterial strains that have moderate worm killing activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document