scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of the WOX Family Genes in Five Solanaceae Species Reveal Their Conserved Roles in Peptide Signaling

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Li ◽  
Madiha Hamyat ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Salman Ahmad ◽  
Xiaoming Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nicotiana Sylvestris ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Peptide Signaling ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Wox Genes ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Members of the plant-specific WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) transcription factor family have been reported to play important roles in peptide signaling that regulates stem cell maintenance and cell fate specification in various developmental processes. Even though remarkable advances have been made in studying WOX genes in Arabidopsis, little is known about this family in Solanaceae species. A total of 45 WOX members from five Solanaceae species were identified, including eight members from Solanum tuberosum, eight from Nicotiana tomentosiformis, 10 from Solanum lycopersicum, 10 from Nicotiana sylvestris and nine from Nicotiana tabacum. The newly identified WOX members were classified into three clades and nine subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis using three different methods. The patterns of exon-intron structure and motif organization of the WOX proteins agreed with the phylogenetic results. Gene duplication events and ongoing evolution were revealed by additional branches on the phylogenetic tree and the presence of a partial WUS-box in some non-WUS clade members. Gene expression with or without CLE (clavata3 (clv3)/embryo surrounding region-related) peptide treatments revealed that tobacco WOX genes showed similar or distinct expression patterns compared with their Arabidopsis homologues, suggesting either functional conservation or divergence. Expression of Nicotiana tabacum WUSCHEL (NtabWUS) in the organizing center could rescue the wus-1 mutant phenotypes in Arabidopsis, implying conserved roles of the Solanaceae WOX proteins in peptide-mediated regulation of plant development.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression profile of the sucrose transporter multigene family in tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-323
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Xiaodong Xie ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Mingzhu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Nicotiana Sylvestris ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
Profiling Analysis

The transportation and distribution of sucrose in plants is mediated by sucrose transporters (SUTs), which also participate in various plant developmental and resistance processes. However, no such study of the tobacco SUT family has been reported yet. In the present study, 11, 5, and 4 SUT genes were identified from the genomes of Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana sylvestris, and Nicotiana tomentosiformis, respectively. The exon–intron structures of the tobacco SUT genes were highly conserved in the three tobacco species. Gene loss, duplication, and chromosome exchange occurred in the NtSUT family during the formation of allotetraploid common tobacco. Expression profiling analysis revealed that the expression patterns of the NtSUT genes in common tobacco were closer to those in N. sylvestris plants. The NtSUT2s and NtSUT4 genes were ubiquitously expressed in various tobacco tissues, while the NtSUT1s gene was highly expressed in the maturing leaves, indicating their functional conservation and differentiation. The transcriptions of the NtSUT2t, NtSUT3s, NtSUT4, and NtSUT5s genes in tobacco plants were dramatically induced under Pi starvation, drought, and salinity stresses, but their highest expression levels occurred in different tissues, suggesting the multiple roles of NtSUTs in plant resistance to various abiotic stresses. This study provides useful information for the further functional characterization of SUT genes in tobacco.

scholarly journals Murine Otx1 and Drosophila otd genes share conserved genetic functions required in invertebrate and vertebrate brain development

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 1691-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Acampora ◽  
V. Avantaggiato ◽  
F. Tuorto ◽  
P. Barone ◽  
H. Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Insight Into

Despite the obvious differences in anatomy between invertebrate and vertebrate brains, several genes involved in the development of both brain types belong to the same family and share similarities in expression patterns. Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) and murine Otx genes exemplify this, both in terms of expression patterns and mutant phenotypes. In contrast, sequence comparison of OTD and OTX gene products indicates that homology is restricted to the homeodomain suggesting that protein divergence outside the homeodomain might account for functional differences acquired during brain evolution. In order to gain insight into this possibility, we replaced the murine Otx1 gene with a Drosophila otd cDNA. Strikingly, epilepsy and corticogenesis defects due to the absence of Otx1 were fully rescued in homozygous otd mice. A partial rescue was also observed for the impairments of mesencephalon, eye and lachrymal gland. In contrast, defects of the inner ear were not improved suggesting a vertebrate Otx1-specific function involved in morphogenesis of this structure. Furthermore, otd, like Otx1, was able to cooperate genetically with Otx2 in brain patterning, although with reduced efficiency. These data favour an extended functional conservation between Drosophila otd and murine Otx1 genes and support the idea that conserved genetic functions required in mammalian brain development evolved in a primitive ancestor of both flies and mice.

scholarly journals Analysis of maxillopedia Expression Pattern and Larval Cuticular Phenotype in Wild-Type and Mutant Tribolium

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa D Shippy ◽  
Jianhua Guo ◽  
Susan J Brown ◽  
Richard W Beeman ◽  
Robin E Denell
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Similar Expression ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Abstract The Tribolium castaneum homeotic gene maxillopedia (mxp) is the ortholog of Drosophila proboscipedia (pb). Here we describe and classify available mxp alleles. Larvae lacking all mxp function die soon after hatching, exhibiting strong transformations of maxillary and labial palps to legs. Hypomorphic mxp alleles produce less severe transformations to leg. RNA interference with maxillopedia double-stranded RNA results in phenocopies of mxp mutant phenotypes ranging from partial to complete transformations. A number of gain-of-function (GOF) mxp alleles have been isolated based on transformations of adult antennae and/or legs toward palps. Finally, we have characterized the mxp expression pattern in wild-type and mutant embryos. In normal embryos, mxp is expressed in the maxillary and labial segments, whereas ectopic expression is observed in some GOF variants. Although mxp and Pb display very similar expression patterns, pb null embryos develop normally. The mxp mutant larval phenotype in Tribolium is consistent with the hypothesis that an ancestral pb-like gene had an embryonic function that was lost in the lineage leading to Drosophila.

scholarly journals In silico identification of Capsicum type III polyketide synthase genes and expression patterns in Capsicum annuum

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 753-762
Author(s):  
Delong Kan ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Pengfei Duan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Type Iii Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Pepper Leaves

AbstractStudies have shown that abundant and various flavonoids accumulate in chili pepper (Capsicum), but there are few reports on the genes that govern chili pepper flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report the comprehensive identification of genes encoding type III polyketide synthase (PKS), an important enzyme catalyzing the generation of flavonoid backbones. In total, 13, 14 and 13 type III PKS genes were identified in each genome of C. annuum, C. chinense and C. baccatum, respectively. The phylogeny topology of Capsicum PKSs is similar to those in other plants, as it showed two classes of genes. Within each class, clades can be further identified. Class II genes likely encode chalcone synthase (CHS) as they are placed together with the Arabidopsis CHS gene, which experienced extensive expansions in the genomes of Capsicum. Interestingly, 8 of the 11 Class II genes form three clusters in the genome of C. annuum, which is likely the result of tandem duplication events. Four genes are not expressed in the tissues of C. annuum, three of which are located in the clusters, indicating that a portion of genes was pseudogenized after tandem duplications. Expression of two Class I genes was complementary to each other, and all the genes in Class II were not expressed in roots of C. annuum. Two Class II genes (CA00g90790 and CA05g17060) showed upregulated expression as the chili pepper leaves matured, and two Class II genes (CA05g17060 and CA12g20070) showed downregulated expression with the maturation of fruits, consistent with flavonoid accumulation trends in chili pepper as reported previously. The identified genes, sequences, phylogeny and expression information collected in this article lay the groundwork for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of chili pepper flavonoid metabolism.

glp-1 can substitute for lin-12 in specifying cell fate decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fitzgerald ◽  
H.A. Wilkinson ◽  
I. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Notch Gene ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Members of the lin-12/Notch gene family encode receptors for intercellular signals and are found throughout the animal kingdom. In many animals, the presence of at least two lin-12/Notch genes raises the issue of the significance of this duplication and divergence. In Caenorhabditis elegans, two lin-12/Notch genes, lin-12 and glp-1, encode proteins that are 50% identical, with different numbers of epidermal growth factor-like motifs in their extracellular domains. Many of the cell fate decisions mediated by lin-12 and glp-1 are distinct. Here, we express glp-1 protein under the control of lin-12 regulatory sequences in animals lacking endogenous lin-12 activity and find that glp-1 can substitute for lin-12 in mediating cell fate decisions. These results imply that the lin-12 and glp-1 proteins are biochemically interchangeable, sharing common ligand and effector proteins, and that the discrete lin-12 and glp-1 mutant phenotypes result from differential gene expression. In addition, these results suggest that the duplicate lin-12/Notch genes found in vertebrates may also be biochemically interchangeable.

scholarly journals CLE14 peptide signaling in Arabidopsis root hair cell fate determination

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Hayashi ◽  
Takuya Tetsumura ◽  
Shinichiro Sawa ◽  
Takuji Wada ◽  
Rumi Tominaga-Wada
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Fate Determination ◽  
Peptide Signaling ◽  
Root Hair Cell

scholarly journals Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases: Identification, Expression, and Evolutionary Analysis of This Gene Family in Tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5796
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zhou ◽  
Qingchang Li ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Songtao Zhang ◽  
Che Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Nicotiana Sylvestris ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) selectively catalyze carotenoids, forming smaller apocarotenoids that are essential for the synthesis of apocarotenoid flavor, aroma volatiles, and phytohormone ABA/SLs, as well as responses to abiotic stresses. Here, 19, 11, and 10 CCD genes were identified in Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, and Nicotiana sylvestris, respectively. For this family, we systematically analyzed phylogeny, gene structure, conserved motifs, gene duplications, cis-elements, subcellular and chromosomal localization, miRNA-target sites, expression patterns with different treatments, and molecular evolution. CCD genes were classified into two subfamilies and nine groups. Gene structures, motifs, and tertiary structures showed similarities within the same groups. Subcellular localization analysis predicted that CCD family genes are cytoplasmic and plastid-localized, which was confirmed experimentally. Evolutionary analysis showed that purifying selection dominated the evolution of these genes. Meanwhile, seven positive sites were identified on the ancestor branch of the tobacco CCD subfamily. Cis-regulatory elements of the CCD promoters were mainly involved in light-responsiveness, hormone treatment, and physiological stress. Different CCD family genes were predominantly expressed separately in roots, flowers, seeds, and leaves and exhibited divergent expression patterns with different hormones (ABA, MeJA, IAA, SA) and abiotic (drought, cold, heat) stresses. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the NtCCD gene family and a foundation for future functional characterization of individual genes.

Analysis of wound-induced gene expression in Nicotiana species with contrasting alkaloid profiles

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Sinclair ◽  
Richard Johnson ◽  
John D. Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Nicotiana Sylvestris ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Alkaloid Profiles

We determined the capacity of three Nicotiana (Solanaceae) species with very different alkaloid profiles (Nicotiana sylvestris Speg & Comes, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto and Nicotiana glauca Grah.) to increase their alkaloid contents in both leaf and root tissues following foliage damage. We also investigated the transcriptional responses of genes encoding enzymes important for alkaloid biosynthesis, namely quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT), putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the putative alkaloid biosynthetic gene A622. In response to wounding of foliage in the well studied ‘model’ species N. sylvestris, a rise, approximately 2-fold, in leaf nicotine levels was observed several days after a 4–5-fold increase in the transcript levels of all genes in the roots. In contrast, leaf tissues of the ornamental tobacco N. alata showed very low levels of any pyridine alkaloid, even when analysed 1 week after wounding, correlating with a general lack of transcript abundance representing any of these genes in leaves or roots following foliage damage. However, addition of methyl jasmonate to cultured roots of N. alata did produce elevated levels of nicotine and anatabine raising the possibility that components of the leaf–root wound signalling system in N. alata are different from those in N. sylvestris. Wounding of the tree tobacco N. glauca, was followed by a 2-fold increase in anabasine levels several days later. This increase followed a large rise in transcript levels of ODC, QPT and A622, though not PMT, in wounded leaves, but not in non-wounded leaves or roots. These data support the hypothesis that N. glauca is able to produce increased anabasine levels following wounding in its foliage, setting it apart from N. sylvestris where induced alkaloid production takes place in roots. We discuss the possibility that increased transcript levels detected by ODC and A622 probes play important roles in anabasine synthesis in N. glauca.

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