scholarly journals How Next-Generation Sequencing Has Aided Our Understanding of the Sequence Composition and Origin of B Chromosomes

Genes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alevtina Ruban ◽  
Thomas Schmutzer ◽  
Uwe Scholz ◽  
Andreas Houben
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Sequence Composition ◽  
Generation Sequencing

scholarly journals B Chromosomes in Genus Sorghum (Poaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Martina Bednářová ◽  
Miroslava Karafiátová ◽  
Eva Hřibová ◽  
Jan Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Generation Sequencing

B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary dispensable genomic elements that have been reported in several thousand eukaryotic species. Since their discovery, Bs have been subjected to countless studies aiming at the clarification of their origin, composition, and influence on the carriers. Despite these efforts, we still have very limited knowledge of the processes that led to the emergence of Bs, the mechanisms of their transmission, and the effects of Bs on the hosts. In the last decade, sophisticated molecular methods, including next-generation sequencing, have provided powerful tool to help answer some of these questions, but not many species have received much attention yet. In this review, we summarize the currently available information about Bs in the genus Sorghum, which has so far been on the periphery of scientific interest. We present an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of Bs in various Sorghum species, discuss the possible mechanisms involved in their maintenance and elimination, and outline hypotheses of the origin of Bs in this genus.

scholarly journals B Chromosomes in the Drosophila Genus

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Hanlon ◽  
R. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Our current knowledge of B chromosome biology has been augmented by an increase in the number and diversity of species observed to carry B chromosomes as well as the use of next-generation sequencing for B chromosome genomic analysis. Within the genus Drosophila, B chromosomes have been observed in a handful of species, but recently they were discovered in a single laboratory stock of Drosophila melanogaster. In this paper, we review the B chromosomes that have been identified within the Drosophila genus and pay special attention to those recently found in D. melanogaster. These newly-discovered B chromosomes have centromeres, telomeres, and a number of simple satellite repeats. They also appear to be entirely heterochromatic since next-generation sequencing of isolated B chromosomes did not detect sequences associated with known genic regions. We also summarize what effects the B chromosomes have been found to have on the A chromosomes. Lastly, we highlight some of the outstanding questions regarding B chromosome biology and discuss how studying B chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster, which is a versatile model system with a wealth of genetic and genomic tools, may advance our understanding of the B chromosome’s unique biology.

Labordiagnostik bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Marcus Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Kolorektales Karzinom ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) ist einer der häufigsten malignen Tumoren in Deutschland. Einer frühzeitigen Diagnostik kommt große Bedeutung zu. Goldstandard ist hier die Koloskopie. Die aktuelle S3-Leitlinie Kolorektales Karzinom empfiehlt zum KRK-Screening den fäkalen okkulten Bluttest. Für das Monitoring von Patienten vor und nach Tumorresektion werden die Messung des Carcinoembryonalen Antigens (CEA) und der Mikrosatellitenstabilität empfohlen. Für die Auswahl der korrekten Chemotherapie scheint derzeit eine Überprüfung des Mutationsstatus, mindestens des KRAS-Gens und des BRAF-Gens, sinnvoll zu sein. Eine Reihe an neuartigen Tumormarkern befindet sich momentan in der Entwicklung, hat jedoch noch nicht die Reife für eine mögliche Anwendung in der Routinediagnostik erreicht. Den schnellsten Weg in die breite Anwendung können Next-Generation-Sequencing-basierte genetische Tests finden.

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