scholarly journals Characterization of the Chitinase Gene Family in Mulberry (Morus notabilis) and MnChi18 Involved in Resistance to Botrytis cinerea

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Youchao Xin ◽  
Donghao Wang ◽  
Shengmei Han ◽  
Suxia Li ◽  
Na Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Chitinase Genes ◽  
Important Basis

Chitinase is a hydrolase that uses chitin as a substrate. It plays an important role in plant resistance to fungal pathogens by degrading chitin. Here, we conducted bioinformatics analysis and transcriptome data analysis of the mulberry (Morus notabilis) chitinase gene family to determine its role in the resistance to Botrytis cinerea. A total of 26 chitinase genes were identified, belonging to the GH18 and GH19 families. Among them, six chitinase genes were differentially expressed under the infection of B. cinerea. MnChi18, which significantly responded to B. cinerea, was heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The resistance of MnChi18 transgenic Arabidopsis to B. cinerea was significantly enhanced, and after inoculation with B. cinerea, the activity of catalase (CAT) increased and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. This shows that overexpression of MnChi18 can protect cells from damage. In addition, our study also indicated that MnChi18 may be involved in B. cinerea resistance through other resistance-related genes. This study provides an important basis for further understanding the function of mulberry chitinase.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Chitinase Gene Family in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): From Gene Identification and Evolution to Expression in Response to Fusarium oxysporum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra S. Bartholomew ◽  
Kezia Black ◽  
Zhongxuan Feng ◽  
Wan Liu ◽  
Nan Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Chitinase Genes ◽  
Related Proteins

Chitinases, a subgroup of pathogenesis-related proteins, are responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of chitin. Accumulating reports indicate that chitinases play a key role in plant defense against chitin-containing pathogens and are therefore good targets for defense response studies. Here, we undertook an integrated bioinformatic and expression analysis of the cucumber chitinases gene family to identify its role in defense against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. A total of 28 putative chitinase genes were identified in the cucumber genome and classified into five classes based on their conserved catalytic and binding domains. The expansion of the chitinase gene family was due mainly to tandem duplication events. The expression pattern of chitinase genes was organ-specific and 14 genes were differentially expressed in response to F. oxysporum challenge of fusarium wilt-susceptible and resistant lines. Furthermore, a class I chitinase, CsChi23, was constitutively expressed at high levels in the resistant line and may play a crucial role in building a basal defense and activating a rapid immune response against F. oxysporum. Whole-genome re-sequencing of both lines provided clues for the diverse expression patterns observed. Collectively, these results provide useful genetic resource and offer insights into the role of chitinases in cucumber-F. oxysporum interaction.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of E. Histolytica Strains Based on the Serine Rich Entamoeba Histolytica Protein (Srehp) And Chitinase Genes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renay Ngobeni ◽  
Amidou Samie
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Chitinase Genes

Abstract BACKGROUND: Even though E. histolytica is recognized as an effective pathogen, what determines the outcome of this infection is still not well understood. The present study was carried out to determine the genetic characteristics of E. histolytica isolates from two different regions in South Africa. METHOD: Diarrheal and non-diarrheal stool samples were collected from patients of all ages from Giyani and Pretoria. Different PCR protocols were used to identify E. histolytica and amplify the serine rich E. histolytica protein (SREHP) and chitinase genes. The profiles obtained were compared among the different samples.RESULTS: Out of 111 stool samples collected, 51 were positive by either PCR or microscopy and 14 samples were positive by both methods. The serine- rich E. histolytica protein was amplified in 26 samples. Out of the 26 samples (19) different SREHP profiles were obtained. SREHP #2 was obtained in 5 different samples, 4 from Pretoria and 1 from Giyani (2 diarrheal and 3 non-diarrheal). The chitinase gene was amplified from 51 samples and 22 different chitinase profiles were obtained. Of all the profiles, profile #4 was found in 6 different isolates, 5 from Giyani and 1 from Pretoria (3 symptomatic and 3 asymptomatic). However, profile # 18 was only found in formed stools from Giyani. CONCLUSIONS. The results obtained in this study have further confirmed the genetic heterogeneity of E. histolytica for the SREHP and chitinase genes which might have a significant influence in the outcome of amebic infection, depending on the genetic profile of the infecting strain.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of chitin-binding gene family in Brassica oleracea L. reveals its role in different disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhao Zhu ◽  
Congcong Kong ◽  
Mu Zhuang ◽  
Yangyong Zhang ◽  
Honghao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Chitinase A ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Wide Search ◽  
Chitinase Genes ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background Chitinase, a category of pathogenesis-related proteins, is thought to play an important role in defending external stress in plants. However, comprehensive analysis of chitin-binding gene family has not yet been reported in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), especially their roles in response to different diseases. Result in this study, A total of 20 chitinase genes were identified using a genome-wide search method. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into two groups. They were distributed unevenly across six chromosomes in cabbage, and all of them contained few introns (≤ 2). The results of colinear analysis showed that the cabbage genome contained 1–5 copies of each chitinase gene (excluding Bol035470) found in Arabidopsis. The heatmap of the chitinase gene family showed that these genes were expressed in various tissues and organs. In addition, under four different stresses of Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, black spot and downy mildew, we detected 9, 5, 8 and 8 genes with different expression, respectively. Conclusions Our results provide insights for further understanding the role of chitinase in host plants response to different diseases.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of Chitinase gene family in Brassica juncea and Camelina sativa in response to Alternaria brassicae

Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 749-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ahmad Mir ◽  
Sajad Ali ◽  
S.M. Shivaraj ◽  
Javaid Akhter Bhat ◽  
Apekshita Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Diversity of culturable bacteria endowed with antifungal metabolites biosynthetic characteristics associated with Tea rhizosphere soil of Assam, India  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintu Dutta ◽  
Debajit Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Pcr Fingerprinting ◽  
Chitinase Genes

Abstract Background Rhizosphere soil is a crucial niche for the diverse beneficial microbial communities for plant-microbe interactions. This study explores the antagonistic potential and diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacteria from commercial tea estates of Assam, India which comes under Indo-Burma mega-biodiversity hotspot. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from six different tea estates to isolate the bacteria. The bacterial isolates were subjected to evaluate for the antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens. The potential isolates were investigated for chitinase production and presence of chitinase gene. The bacterial genetic diversity was studied by ARDRA and BOX-PCR fingerprinting. Results A total of 217 rhizobacteria were isolated from tea rhizosphere soil and of which 50 isolates exhibited the potential antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens. Among them, 12 isolates showed extracellular chitinase activity and the presence of chitinase genes. The sequencing and analysis of the chitinase gene using PDB protein databank at the amino acid level showed the presence of ChiA and ChiA74 gene in the isolates which involved in the hydrolysis of chitin. The analysis showed that 6 most potential isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against all tested fungal pathogens and presence of chitinase genes within their genome. The diversity of 50 antagonistic bacterial isolates were analysed through ARDRA and BOX-PCR fingerprinting. Diversity analysis and molecular identification of the rhizosphere isolates revealed that these antagonistic isolates predominantly belonged to the genus Bacillus followed by Enterobacter, Serratia, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia. Conclusion The present study establishes that rhizobacteria isolated from the poorly explored tea rhizosphere soil could be a rich reservoir for the investigation of potential antagonistic bacterial candidates for sustainable agricultural and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Cloning and Partial Characterization of Endopolygalacturonase Genes from Botrytis cinerea

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1596-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Wubben ◽  
W. Mulder ◽  
A. ten Have ◽  
J. A. L. van Kan ◽  
J. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Pectin Degradation ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Encoding Genes

ABSTRACT Botrytis cinerea is a plant-pathogenic fungus infecting over 200 different plant species. We use a molecular genetic approach to study the process of pectin degradation by the fungus. Recently, we described the cloning and characterization of an endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) gene from B. cinerea (Bcpg1) which is required for full virulence. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of five additional endoPG-encoding genes from B. cinerea SAS56. The identity at the amino acid level between the six endoPGs of B. cinerea varied from 34 to 73%. Phylogenetic analysis, by using a group of 35 related fungal endoPGs and as an outgroup one plant PG, resulted in the identification of five monophyletic groups of closely related proteins. The endoPG proteins from B. cinerea SAS56 could be assigned to three different monophyletic groups. DNA blot analysis revealed the presence of the complete endoPG gene family in other strains of B. cinerea, as well as in other Botrytis species. Differential gene expression of the gene family members was found in mycelium grown in liquid culture with either glucose or polygalacturonic acid as the carbon source.

scholarly journals Evolution analysis and expression divergence of the chitinase gene family against Leptosphaeria maculans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection in Brassica napus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xu ◽  
Tengsheng Zhou ◽  
Bo An ◽  
Baojiang Xu ◽  
Genyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Chitinase Genes

Abstract:Blackleg and sclerotinia stem rot caused by Leptosphaeria maculans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum respectively are two major diseases in rapeseed worldwide, which cause serious yield losses. Chitinases are pathogenesis-related proteins and play important roles in host resistance to various pathogens and abiotic stress responses. However, a systematic investigation of the chitinase gene family and its expression profile against L. maculans and S. sclerotiorum infection in rapeseed remains elusive. The recent release of assembled genome sequence of rapeseed allowed us to perform a genome-wide identification of the chitinase gene family. In this study, 68 chitinase genes were identified in Brassica napus genome. These genes were divided into five different classes and distributed among 15 chromosomes. Evolutionary analysis indicated that the expansion of the chitinase gene family was mainly attributed to segmental and tandem duplication. Moreover, the expression profiling of the chitinase gene family was investigated using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and the results revealed that some chitinase genes were both induced while the other members exhibit distinct expression in response to L. maculans and S. sclerotiorum infection. This study presents a comprehensive survey of the chitinase gene family in B. napus and provides valuable information for further understanding the functions of the chitinase gene family.

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