scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Suppressive Antibiotic Therapy on Intestinal Microbiota

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Rosa Escudero-Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Ponce-Alonso ◽  
Hugo Barragán-Prada ◽  
María Isabel Morosini ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Suppressive Antibiotic Therapy

The aim was to describe the safety of indefinite administration of antibiotics, the so-called suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) and to provide insight into their impact on gut microbiota. 17 patients with SAT were recruited, providing a fecal sample. Bacterial composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing, and their viability was explored by PCR-DGGE with and without propidium monoazide. Presence of antibiotic multirresistant bacteria was explored through the culture of feces in selective media. High intra-individual variability in the genera distribution regardless of the antibiotic or antibiotic administration ingestion period, with few statistically significant differences detected by Bray-Curtis distance-based principle component analysis, permutational multivariate analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. However, the microbiota composition of patients treated with both beta-lactams and sulfonamides clustered by a heat map. Curiously, the detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria was almost anecdotic and CTX-M-15-producing E. coli were detected in two subjects. Our work demonstrates the overall clinical safety of SAT and the low rate of the selection of multidrug-resistant bacteria triggered by this therapy. We also describe the composition of intestinal microbiota under the indefinite use of antibiotics for the first time.

scholarly journals Multidrug resistant bacteria in critically ill patients: a step further antibiotic therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 103-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Tosi ◽  
Erika Roat ◽  
Sara De Biasi ◽  
Elena Munari ◽  
Sophie Venturelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy Duration in Critically Ill Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Walker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duration Of Treatment

Procalcitonin is a promising biomarker for antibiotic therapy because its levels rise and fall quickly with bacterial infections. A multi-database literature search was reviewed with 3 primary prospective randomized control trials used in further analysis. The results indicated that a procalcitonin-guided antibiotic protocol reduces the number of days a patient has to take antibiotics while having no effect on mortality when compared with control groups. Short-term studies did not show a difference in the intensive care unit length of stay, infection relapse rate, super-infection rate, or multidrug-resistant bacteria rate between the procalcitonin-protocol and control group. Because procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy has been shown to reduce the duration of treatment with antibiotics in critically ill patients without worsening the mortality rate or other outcomes, the implementation of a procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy should be considered for patients with proven or highly suspected bacterial infections in the intensive care unit.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides in the Battle against Orthopedic Implant-Related Infections: A Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1918
Author(s):  
Bruna Costa ◽  
Guillermo Martínez-de-Tejada ◽  
Paula A. C. Gomes ◽  
M. Cristina L. Martins ◽  
Fabíola Costa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Orthopedic Implant ◽  
Research Strategies

Prevention of orthopedic implant-related infections is a major medical challenge, particularly due to the involvement of biofilm-encased and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Current therapies, based on antibiotic administration, have proven to be insufficient, and infection prevalence may rise due to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention as promising substitutes of conventional antibiotics, owing to their broad-spectrum of activity, high efficacy at very low concentrations, and, importantly, low propensity for inducing resistance. The aim of this review is to offer an updated perspective of the development of AMPs-based preventive strategies for orthopedic and dental implant-related infections. In this regard, two major research strategies are herein addressed, namely (i) AMP-releasing systems from titanium-modified surfaces and from bone cements or beads; and (ii) AMP immobilization strategies used to graft AMPs onto titanium or other model surfaces with potential translation as coatings. In overview, releasing strategies have evolved to guarantee higher loadings, prolonged and targeted delivery periods upon infection. In addition, avant-garde self-assembling strategies or polymer brushes allowed higher immobilized peptide surface densities, overcoming bioavailability issues. Future research efforts should focus on the regulatory demands for pre-clinical and clinical validation towards clinical translation.

Canine model for investigating the impact of oral enrofloxacin on commensal coliforms and colonization with multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren J. Trott ◽  
Lucio J. Filippich ◽  
John C. Bensink ◽  
Mary T. Downs ◽  
Suzanne E. McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
The Impact

A model was developed in dogs to determine the impact of oral enrofloxacin administration on the indigenous coliform population in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent disposition to colonization by a strain of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDREC). Dogs given a daily oral dose of 5 mg enrofloxacin kg−1 for 21 consecutive days showed a significant decline in faecal coliforms to levels below detectable limits by 72 h of administration. Subsequently, faecal coliforms remained suppressed throughout the period of enrofloxacin dosing. Upon termination of antibiotic administration, the number of excreted faecal coliforms slowly returned over an 8-day period, to levels comparable to those seen prior to antibiotic treatment. Enrofloxacin-treated dogs were more effectively colonized by MDREC, evidenced by a significantly increased count of MDREC in the faeces (7.1 ± 1.5 log10 g−1) compared with non-antibiotic-treated dogs (5.2 ± 1.2; P = 0.003). Furthermore, antibiotic treatment also sustained a significantly longer period of MDREC excretion in the faeces (26.8 ± 10.5 days) compared with animals not treated with enrofloxacin (8.5 ± 5.4 days; P = 0.0215). These results confirm the importance of sustained delivery of an antimicrobial agent to maintain and expand the colonization potential of drug-resistant bacteria in vivo, achieved in part by reducing the competing commensal coliforms in the gastrointestinal tract to below detectable levels in the faeces. Without in vivo antimicrobial selection pressure, commensal coliforms dominated the gastrointestinal tract at the expense of the MDREC population. Conceivably, the model developed could be used to test the efficacy of novel non-antibiotic strategies aimed at monitoring and controlling gastrointestinal colonization by multidrug-resistant members of the Enterobacteriaceae that cause nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Tributyrin on Growth Performance, Biochemical Indices, and Intestinal Microbiota of Yellow-Feathered Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3425
Author(s):  
Li Gong ◽  
Gengsheng Xiao ◽  
Liwei Zheng ◽  
Xia Yan ◽  
Qien Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Biochemical Indices

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tributyrin on growth performance, biochemical indices and intestinal microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers. 360 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to three treatments with six replicates of 20 chicks each, including a normal control group (NC), an antibiotic group (PC), and a tributyrin (250 mg/kg) group (TB) for 63 days. The results showed that compared with the control, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the TB group decreased during the d22 to d42 (p < 0.05) and overall, the final weight and FCR of broilers tended to increase and decrease, respectively. Moreover, the TB group showed the highest creatine concentrations at the entire period (p < 0.05). TB treatment increased the Bacteroidetes relative abundance and decreased Firmicutes. Principal coordinates analysis yielded clear clustering of the three groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis found seven differentially abundant taxa in the TB group, including several members of Bacteroidedetes. The relative abundance of Eisenbergiella, Phascolarctobacterium, Megasphaera and Intestinimonas increased in tributyrin-treated broilers. Spearman correlation analysis identified a correlation between Eisenbergiella abundance and overall feed efficiency. These results demonstrated that tributyrin could improve the growth performance by modulating blood biochemical indices and the cecal microflora composition of broilers.

scholarly journals Enlisting commensal microbes to resist antibiotic-resistant pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Keith ◽  
Eric G. Pamer
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Settings

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is an all-too-common consequence of antibiotic use. Although antibiotic resistance among virulent bacterial pathogens is a growing concern, the highest levels of antibiotic resistance occur among less pathogenic but more common bacteria that are prevalent in healthcare settings. Patient-to-patient transmission of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a perpetual concern in hospitals. Many of these resistant microbes, such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, emerge from the intestinal lumen and invade the bloodstream of vulnerable patients, causing disseminated infection. These infections are associated with preceding antibiotic administration, which changes the intestinal microbiota and compromises resistance to colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recent and ongoing studies are increasingly defining commensal bacterial species and the inhibitory mechanisms they use to prevent infection. The use of next-generation probiotics derived from the intestinal microbiota represents an alternative approach to prevention of infection by enriching colonization with protective commensal species, thereby reducing the density of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and also reducing patient-to-patient transmission of infection in healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Risk factors for multidrug resistant bacteria and optimization of empirical antibiotic therapy in postoperative peritonitis

Critical Care ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. R20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Augustin ◽  
Nathalie Kermarrec ◽  
Claudette Muller-Serieys ◽  
Sigismond Lasocki ◽  
Denis Chosidow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Postoperative Peritonitis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

scholarly journals Plasmid Dissemination and Selection of a Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain during Transplant-Associated Antibiotic Therapy

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Conlan ◽  
Anna F. Lau ◽  
Clay Deming ◽  
Christine D. Spalding ◽  
ShihQueen Lee-Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Antibiotics, which are used both to prevent and to treat infections, are a mainstay therapy for lifesaving procedures such as transplantation. For this reason, and many others, increased antibiotic resistance among human-associated pathogens, such as the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae species, is of grave concern. In this study, we report on a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient in whom cultures detected the emergence of carbapenem resistance and spread across five strains of bacteria that persisted for over a year. Carbapenem resistance in Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was linked to a pair of plasmids, each carrying the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase gene (blaKPC). Surveillance cultures identified a carbapenem-susceptible strain of Citrobacter freundii that may have become resistant through horizontal gene transfer of these plasmids. Selection of a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain was also detected following combination antibiotic therapy. Here we report a plasmid carrying the blaKPC gene with broad host range that poses the additional threat of spreading to endogenous members of the human gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a serious threat to medically fragile patient populations. The spread of antibiotic resistance through plasmid-mediated mechanisms is of grave concern as it can lead to the conversion of endogenous patient-associated strains to difficult-to-treat pathogens.

scholarly journals Factors associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria in secondary peritonitis: impact on antibiotic therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 980-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seguin ◽  
B. Laviolle ◽  
C. Chanavaz ◽  
P.-Y. Donnio ◽  
A.-L. Gautier-Lerestif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Secondary Peritonitis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Factors Associated
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