scholarly journals Effects of CYP1A2 and ADORA2A Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball Players

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Muñoz ◽  
Álvaro López-Samanes ◽  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
David Varillas-Delgado ◽  
Jesús Rivilla-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Handgrip Test ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sprint Velocity

Previous investigations have found that several genes may be associated with the interindividual variability to the ergogenic response to caffeine. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the genetic variations in CYP1A2 (−163C  > A, rs762551; characterized such as “fast” (AA genotype) and “slow” caffeine metabolizers (C-carriers)) and ADORA2A (1976T  > C; rs5751876; characterized by “high” (TT genotype) or “low” sensitivity to caffeine (C-carriers)) on the ergogenic response to acute caffeine intake in professional handball players. Thirty-one professional handball players (sixteen men and fifteen women; daily caffeine intake = 60 ± 25 mg·d−1) ingested 3 mg·kg−1·body mass (bm) of caffeine or placebo 60 min before undergoing a battery of performance tests consisting of a countermovement jump (CMJ), a sprint test, an agility test, an isometric handgrip test, and several ball throws. Afterwards, the handball players performed a simulated handball match (2 × 20 min) while movements were recorded using inertial units. Saliva samples were analyzed to determine the genotype of each player for the −163C  > A polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene (rs762551) and for the 1976T  > C polymorphism in the ADORA2A gene (rs5751876). In the CYP1A2, C-allele carriers (54.8%) were compared to AA homozygotes (45.2%). In the ADORA2A, C-allele carriers (80.6%) were compared to TT homozygotes (19.4%). There was only a genotype x treatment interaction for the ball throwing from 7 m (p = 0.037) indicating that the ergogenic effect of caffeine on this test was higher in CYP1A2 AA homozygotes than in C-allele carriers. In the remaining variables, there were no genotype x treatment interactions for CYP1A2 or for ADORA2A. As a whole group, caffeine increased CMJ height, performance in the sprint velocity test, and ball throwing velocity from 9 m (2.8–4.3%, p = 0.001–0.022, effect size = 0.17–0.31). Thus, pre-exercise caffeine supplementation at a dose of 3 mg·kg−1·bm can be considered as an ergogenic strategy to enhance some neuromuscular aspects of handball performance in professional handball players with low daily caffeine consumption. However, the ergogenic response to acute caffeine intake was not modulated by CYP1A2 or ADORA2A genotypes.

scholarly journals THU0227 CAFFEINE INTAKE MODULATES DISEASE ACTIVITY AND CYTOKINES LEVELS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 340.2-341
Author(s):  
V. Orefice ◽  
F. Ceccarelli ◽  
C. Barbati ◽  
R. Lucchetti ◽  
G. Olivieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease mainly affecting women of childbearing age. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors may contribute to disease pathogenesis1. At today, no robust data are available about the possible contribute of diet in SLE. Caffeine, one of the most widely consumed products in the world, seems to interact with multiple components of the immune system by acting as a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor2.In vitrodose-dependent treatment with caffeine seems to down-regulate mRNA levels of key inflammation-related genes and similarly reduce levels of different pro-inflammatory cytokines3.Objectives:We evaluated the impact of caffeine consumption on SLE-related disease phenotype and activity, in terms of clinimetric assessment and cytokines levels.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study, enrolling consecutive patients and reporting their clinical and laboratory data. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2k)4. Caffeine intake was evaluated by a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, including all the main sources of caffeine. As previously reported, patients were divided in four groups according to the daily caffeine intake: <29.1 mg/day (group 1), 29.2-153.7 mg/day (group 2), 153.8-376.5 mg/day (group 3) and >376.6 mg/day (group 4)5. At the end of questionnaire filling, blood samples were collected from each patient to assess cytokines levels. These were assessed by using a panel by Bio-Plex assays to measure the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-27, IFN-γ, IFN-α and Blys.Results:We enrolled 89 SLE patients (F/M 87/2, median age 46 years, IQR 14; median disease duration 144 months, IQR 150). The median intake of caffeine was 195 mg/day (IQR 160.5). At the time of the enrollment, 8 patients (8.9%) referred a caffeine intake < 29.1 mg/day (group 1), 27 patients (30.3%) between 29.2 and 153.7 mg/day (group 2), 45 patients (51%) between 153.8 and 376.5 mg/day (group 3) and 9 patients (10.1%) >376.6 mg/day (group 4). A negative correlation between the levels of caffeine and disease activity, evaluated with SLEDAI-2K, was observed (p=0.01, r=-0.26). By comparing the four groups, a significant higher prevalence of lupus nephritis, neuropsychiatric involvement, haematological manifestations, hypocomplementemia and anti-dsDNA positivity was observed in patients with less intake of caffeine (figure 1 A-E). Furthermore, patients with less intake of caffeine showed a significant more frequent use of glucocorticoids [group 4: 22.2%,versusgroup 1 (50.0%, p=0.0001), group 2 (55.5%, p=0.0001), group 3 (40.0%, p=0.009)]. Moving on cytokines analysis, a negative correlation between daily caffeine consumption and serum level of IFNγ was found (p=0.03, r=-0.2) (figure 2A); furthermore, patients with more caffeine intake showed significant lower levels of IFNα (p=0.02, figure 2B), IL-17 (p=0.01, figure 2C) and IL-6 (p=0.003, figure 2D).Conclusion:This is the first report demonstrating the impact of caffeine on SLE disease activity status, as demonstrated by the inverse correlation between its intake and both SLEDAI-2k values and cytokines levels. Moreover, in our cohort, patients with less caffeine consumption seems to have a more severe disease phenotype, especially in terms of renal and neuropsychiatric involvement. Our results seem to suggest a possible immunoregulatory dose-dependent effect of caffeine, through the modulation of serum cytokine levels, as already suggested byin vitroanalysis.References:[1]Kaul et alNat. Rev. Dis. Prim.2016; 2. Aronsen et alEurop Joul of Pharm2014; 3. Iris et alClin Immun.2018; 4. Gladman et al J Rheumatol. 2002; 5. Mikuls et alArth Rheum2002Disclosure of Interests:Valeria Orefice: None declared, Fulvia Ceccarelli: None declared, cristiana barbati: None declared, Ramona Lucchetti: None declared, Giulio Olivieri: None declared, enrica cipriano: None declared, Francesco Natalucci: None declared, Carlo Perricone: None declared, Francesca Romana Spinelli Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Novartis, Gilead, Lilly, Sanofi, Celgene, Speakers bureau: Lilly, cristiano alessandri Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Guido Valesini: None declared, Fabrizio Conti Speakers bureau: BMS, Lilly, Abbvie, Pfizer, Sanofi

scholarly journals Altered Gut Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Association with Food Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Zahra A. Barandouzi ◽  
Joochul Lee ◽  
Kendra Maas ◽  
Angela R. Starkweather ◽  
Xiaomei S. Cong
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The interplay between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor in pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to compare food components and gut microbiota patterns between IBS patients and healthy controls (HC) as well as to explore the associations of food components and microbiota profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 young adults with IBS and 21 HC recruited. The food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food components. Fecal samples were collected and profiled by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. Food components were similar in both IBS and HC groups, except in caffeine consumption. Higher alpha diversity indices and altered gut microbiota were observed in IBS compared to the HC. A negative correlation existed between total observed species and caffeine intake in the HC, and a positive correlation between alpha diversity indices and dietary fiber in the IBS group. Higher alpha diversity and gut microbiota alteration were found in IBS people who consumed caffeine more than 400 mg/d. Moreover, high microbial diversity and alteration of gut microbiota composition in IBS people with high caffeine consumption may be a clue toward the effects of caffeine on the gut microbiome pattern, which warrants further study.

Does Caffeine Consumption Influence Postcompetition Sleep in Professional Rugby League Athletes? A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Johnpaul Caia ◽  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
Patrick M. Holmberg ◽  
Vincent G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Caffeine Concentration ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: To examine the sleep of rugby league athletes the night before and following an evening match and to investigate the association between caffeine intake and sleep on the night of competition. Methods: On the night prior to, night of, and night after a professional rugby league match, 15 athletes had their sleep monitored using wrist activity monitors. Additionally, saliva samples were collected 60 minutes before and 30 minutes after the competition to assess salivary caffeine concentration. Differences in sleep across the 3 nights were examined using linear mixed models, and changes were assessed using effect size (ES). Pearson correlation (r) assessed the relationship between salivary caffeine levels and sleep indices. Results: On the night of competition, athletes went to bed later than the night before (P = .00002, ES = 1.84) and night after (P = .0003, ES = 1.49) competition. Consequently, their sleep duration was reduced on the night of competition compared with the previous night (P < .0000003, ES = 2.36) and night after competition (P = .001, ES = 1.53). Postcompetition salivary caffeine concentration was substantially elevated in athletes when compared with precompetition measures (P < .00000001, ES = 4.44), and moderate, nonsignificant correlations were observed between changes in salivary caffeine concentration and delayed bedtime (r = .48, P = .07), increased sleep latency (r = .45, P = .09), decreased sleep duration (r = −.30, P = .28), and reduced sleep efficiency (r = −.34, P = .22). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that evening competition results in sleep disturbance in rugby league athletes, and caffeine supplementation prior to and during competition leads to substantial increases in postcompetition salivary caffeine concentration.

scholarly journals Association between Caffeine Consumption in Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth in the birth Cohort of Ribeirão Preto

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Vitti ◽  
Carlos Grandi ◽  
Ricardo Cavalli ◽  
Vanda Simões ◽  
Rosângela Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Coffee Intake

Objective To describe caffeine consumption during pregnancy and its association with low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth in the birth cohort of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010. Methods Cohort study, with descriptive and analytical approach. Data included 7,607 women and their newborns in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The women answered standardized questionnaires about reproductive health, prenatal care, life habits, sociodemographic conditions, and information about coffee intake. The independent variable was high caffeine consumption (≥300 mg/day) from coffee during pregnancy, and the dependent variables were LBW (birth weight < 2,500 g) and preterm birth (< 37 weeks of gestational age). Four adjusted polytomous logistic regression models, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were fitted: biological and sociodemographic conditions; obstetric history; current gestational conditions; and all variables included in the previous models. Results A total of 4,908 (64.5%) mothers consumed caffeine, 143 (2.9%) of whom reported high consumption. High caffeine intake was significantly associated with reduced education and with the occupation of the head of the family, nonwhite skin color, not having a partner, higher parity, previous abortion and preterm birth, urinary tract infection, threatened abortion, alcohol consumption and smoking. No association was found between high caffeine consumption and LBW or preterm birth in both unadjusted (RR = 1.45; 95% CI: 0.91–2.32; and RR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.77–1.75, respectively) and adjusted analyses (RR = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.85–2.38; and RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.65–1.63, respectively). Conclusion In this cohort, high caffeine intake was lower than in other studies and no association with LBW or preterm birth was found.

scholarly journals Assessment of the levels of caffeine consumption among Saudi Arabian university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Sami Abdulrahman Alhamidi ◽  
◽  
Seham Mansour Alyousef ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Typical Day

This study aimed to assess the caffeine consumption of Saudi Arabian undergraduate students and to determine if the average amount consumed is within healthful parameters. Caffeine consumption in Saudi Arabia is a major cultural and social feature. Consumption of excessive amounts of caffeine can be deleterious to the health of university students. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 145 male undergraduate nursing students were surveyed using the Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire to assess their caffeine intake on a typical day. Among this group, 34.5% of students exceeded the 400mg daily safe levels for caffeine consumption. The average consumption of the total group, those consuming below 400mg and those exceeding 400mg were 325.1, 201.2, and 570.1 mg, respectively. Tea and coffee were the major contributors to total caffeine intake ranging from 0-8 (240ml) servings per day. Health promotion aimed at illuminating health risks of caffeine consumption exceeding safe limits may assist in modification of intake to more healthful levels.

scholarly journals Does caffeine consumption affect laparoscopic skills in a motion tracking analysis? A prospective, randomized, blinded crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix von Bechtolsheim ◽  
Florian Oehme ◽  
Michael Maruschke ◽  
Sofia Schmidt ◽  
Alfred Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Laparoscopic Skills ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Laparoscopic Performance

Abstract Background Coffee can increase vigilance and performance, especially during sleep deprivation. The hypothetical downside of caffeine in the surgical field is the potential interaction with the ergonomics of movement and the central nervous system. The objective of this trial was to investigate the influence of caffeine on laparoscopic performance. Methods Fifty laparoscopic novices participated in this prospective randomized, blinded crossover trial and were trained in a modified FLS curriculum until reaching a predefined proficiency. Subsequently, all participants performed four laparoscopic tasks twice, once after consumption of a placebo and once after a caffeinated (200 mg) beverage. Comparative analysis was performed between the cohorts. Primary endpoint analysis included task time, task errors, OSATS score and a performance analysis with an instrument motion analysis (IMA) system. Results Fifty participants completed the study. Sixty-eight percent of participants drank coffee daily. The time to completion for each task was comparable between the caffeine and placebo cohorts for PEG transfer (119 s vs 121 s; p = 0.73), precise cutting (157 s vs 163 s; p = 0.74), gallbladder resection (190 s vs 173 s; p = 0.6) and surgical knot (171 s vs 189 s; p = 0.68). The instrument motion analysis showed no significant differences between the caffeine and placebo groups in any parameters: instrument volume, path length, idle, velocity, acceleration, and instrument out of view. Additionally, OSATS scores did not differ between groups, regardless of task. Major errors occurred similarly in both groups, except for one error criteria during the circle cutting task, which occurred significantly more often in the caffeine group (34% vs. 16%, p < 0.05). Conclusion The objective IMA and performance scores of laparoscopic skills revealed that caffeine consumption does not enhance or impair the overall laparoscopic performance of surgical novices. The occurrence of major errors is not conclusive but could be negatively influenced in part by caffeine intake.

The relationship of caffeinated beverages with depressive symptoms and decision-making

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hatice Çolak ◽  
Emel Erdeniz ◽  
Esra Tansu Sarıyer ◽  
Ekin Çevik ◽  
Didem Yangın
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Caffeine can affect depressive symptoms and decision-making. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the relationship between caffeinated beverages consumption with depressive symptoms and decision-making styles. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 432 adults working in office environment. The questionnaire consisting of individuals’ socio-demographic attributes, the frequency and the amount of caffeinated beverages consumption, the “Epidemiological Research Center-Depression (CES-D) Scale” and the “Decision-Making Styles Scale” were used. The frequency and amount of caffeinated beverages were determined using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The participants were asked to choose which cup/mug they prefer to drink their caffeinated beverages and what amount they consume that beverage at a time. All the data were collected using online platforms. RESULTS: In the study, 76.7%of the participants were female and the mean age was 31.5±8.0 years. The average daily total caffeine intake of the participants was 425.8±461.4 mg and the total CES-D scale score was 17.7±11.2 points. It was found that as the amount of caffeine consumed increased, intuitive decision-making decreased and depressive symptoms increased (p <  0.05). In linear regression analysis, total caffeine consumption was found to be a significant predictor for the intuitive decision-making score (B: –0.151; p:0.002). When caffeine consumption is controlled, intuitive and rational decision making decreases with increasing depressive symptoms while addiction and avoidance decision making increased (p <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As a result, the amount of caffeine consumed daily was related to intuitive decision-making but did not effect depression. It has been observed that depressive symptoms affect decision-making styles in different ways. To our knowledge, our study is the first to examine the effects of caffeine consumption on depression and decision-making styles. Accordingly, future studies may focus on the link between caffeine consumption, depression, and decision-making styles in larger populations and the mechanisms that influence this relationship.

The Impact of Caffeine on Memory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emily Chappelear ◽  
Cassa Drury
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The Impact

Many people rely on caffeine as part of their daily routine to induce the feeling of wakefulness. However, the effects of caffeine on various brain functions, such as memory, remains unclear. To study the impact of caffeine on memory and attention, we conducted a pilot study on individuals with varying levels of caffeine consumption. Each individual completed a survey, memory test, and reaction time test. The results did not elucidate clear trends or significant differences between those who consumed caffeine and those who did not. This study suggests that caffeine intake does not have a direct impact on memory, but a correlation between reaction time variability and memory suggested that more research could provide deeper insights into the effects of various levels of caffeine consumption.

scholarly journals 0430 Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Caffeine on Neurodegenerative Cognitive Decline

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A164-A166
Author(s):  
E Taylor ◽  
W D Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Populations

Abstract Introduction Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and dementia are common forms of neurodegenerative cognitive decline in aging populations. Alertness, attention, and sleep patterns are often impaired in dementia and MCI and can affect ongoing cognition. Given the current lack of treatment options, it is important to identify protective factors. Caffeine is a commonly consumed substance which has been demonstrated in previous observational studies to have a protective effect on the onset of MCI and the progression of MCI to AD. Methods A meta-analysis of longitudinal prospective cohort studies published up to December 2017 was conducted comparing highest vs lowest reported category of caffeine consumption on neurodegenerative outcomes. Three databases were searched including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed study quality. 13 studies were selected including 94880 participants. The effect size was reported as RRs with ORs and HRs treated as approximations of the RRs. Results A meta-analysis conducted using random effects showed a pooled RR of .84, 95% CI (0.75, 0.93) indicating a moderate protective effect in higher levels of caffeine consumption compared to lower levels. By outcome, AD had a RR of 1.14 with 95% CI (0.69, 1.90); dementia had a RR of 0.81 (0.72, 0.92); cognitive decline had a RR of 0.81 (0.55, 1.18); and MCI had a RR of 0.78 (0.65, 0.93). Conclusion Overall this meta-analysis suggests that compared with the lowest category, the highest caffeine intake category is inversely related to the incidence of age-related cognitive disorders, with this relationship being most apparent for dementia and MCI. Given that caffeine is well accepted and consumed widely in a variety of forms, caffeine in moderate doses, may prove beneficial in sustaining cognitive functioning. Further work will examine the hypothesis that increased alertness and attention with caffeine may sustain cognition through use dependent plasticity or circadian modulation. Support None

scholarly journals Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and childhood growth and overweight: results from a large Norwegian prospective observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e018895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Papadopoulou ◽  
Jérémie Botton ◽  
Anne-Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Margaretha Haugen ◽  
Jan Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Very High

ObjectivesTo study the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the child’s weight gain and overweight risk up to 8 years.DesignProspective nationwide pregnancy cohort.SettingThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.ParticipantsA total of 50 943 mothers recruited from 2002 to 2008 and their children, after singleton pregnancies, with information about average caffeine intake assessed at mid-pregnancy.Outcome measureChild’s body size information at 11 age points from 6 weeks to 8 years. We defined excess growth in infancy as a WHO weight gain z-score of >0.67 from birth to age 1 year, and overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force. We used a growth model to assess individual growth trajectories.ResultsCompared with pregnant women with low caffeine intake (<50 mg/day, 46%), women with average (50–199 mg/day, 44%), high (≥200–299 mg/day, 7%) and very high (≥300 mg/day, 3%) caffeine intakes had an increased risk of their child experiencing excess growth in infancy, after adjustment for confounders (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.22, OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.45, OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.93, respectively). In utero exposure to any caffeine was associated with higher risk of overweight at age 3 years and 5 years, while the association persisted at 8 years, only for very high exposures. Any caffeine intake was associated with increased body mass index from infancy to childhood. Children prenatally exposed to caffeine intake >200 mg/day had consistently higher weight. Very high caffeine exposures were associated with higher weight gain velocity from infancy to age 8 years.ConclusionAny caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of excess infant growth and of childhood overweight, mainly at preschool ages. Maternal caffeine intake may modify the overall weight growth trajectory of the child from birth to 8 years. This study adds supporting evidence for the current advice to reduce caffeine intake during pregnancy.

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