scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with Prader–Willi Syndrome

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Peng ◽  
Qiming Tan ◽  
Shima Afhami ◽  
Edward C. Deehan ◽  
Suisha Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Although gut microbiota has been suggested to play a role in disease phenotypes of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), little is known about its composition in affected children and how it relates to hyperphagia. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the gut bacterial and fungal communities of children with PWS, and to determine associations with hyperphagia. Fecal samples were collected from 25 children with PWS and 25 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls. Dietary intake data, hyperphagia scores, and relevant clinical information were also obtained. Fecal bacterial and fungal communities were characterized by 16S rRNA and ITS2 sequencing, respectively. Overall bacterial α-diversity and compositions of PWS were not different from those of the controls, but 13 bacterial genera were identified to be differentially abundant. Interestingly, the fungal community, as well as specific genera, were different between PWS and controls. The majority of the variation in the gut microbiota was not attributed to differences in dietary intake or the impact of genotype. Hyperphagia scores were associated with fungal α-diversity and relative abundance of several taxa, such as Staphylococcus, Clostridium, SMB53, and Candida. Further longitudinal studies correlating changes in the microbiome with the degree of hyperphagia and studies integrating multi-omics data are warranted.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile and Its Association with Clinical Variables and Dietary Intake in Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2032
Author(s):  
Judit Companys ◽  
Maria José Gosalbes ◽  
Laura Pla-Pagà ◽  
Lorena Calderón-Pérez ◽  
Elisabet Llauradó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Obese Subjects

We aimed to differentiate gut microbiota composition of overweight/obese and lean subjects and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. A cross-sectional study was performed with 96 overweight/obese subjects and 32 lean subjects. Anthropometric parameters were positively associated with Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea formicigenerans and Dorea longicatena, which had higher abundance the overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, different genera of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with body fat, LDL and total cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were negatively associated with the genus Intestinimonas, a biomarker of the overweight/obese group, whereas SFAs were positively associated with Roseburia, a biomarker for the lean group. In conclusion, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena and Collinsella aerofaciens could be considered obesity biomarkers, Lachnospiraceae is associated with lipid cardiovascular risk factors. SFAs exhibited opposite association profiles with butyrate-producing bacteria depending on the BMI. Thus, the relationship between diet and microbiota opens new tools for the management of obesity.

scholarly journals The association of parenting practices with toddlers’ dietary intake and BMI, and the moderating role of general parenting and child temperament

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 2521-2529
Author(s):  
Jessica S Gubbels ◽  
Sanne MPL Gerards ◽  
Stef PJ Kremers
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Parenting

AbstractObjective:The objective was to examine the association between parenting practices, toddler’s dietary intake and BMI. In addition, potential moderation of these associations by general parenting and child temperament was examined.Design:The current cross-sectional study assessed parenting practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, general parenting using the Comprehensive General Parenting Questionnaire, child temperament using the Child Behavior Check List, and children’s dietary intake through parental questionnaires. Children’s weight and length were objectively measured to determine BMI z-scores. Associations were examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Moderation was examined using interaction terms.Setting:Home setting.Participants:393 Dutch toddlers (age 1–3 years) and their parents recruited through fifty childcare centres and preschools in the Netherlands.Results:Various practices were related to children’s diet and BMI. For instance, the availability of healthy foods is the most important predictor of healthy dietary intake (e.g. β = –0·35 for sweets; β = 0·18 for fruit). The association of availability with a healthier diet was strongest when parents scored low on the positive parenting style dimensions, including nurturance, structure and/or behavioural control. In addition, it seemed that a high availability of healthy foods and low availability of unhealthy foods is especially beneficial for children showing withdrawal/depressive, anxious or overactive behaviour, while encouraging balance and variety is not beneficial for these children. All other practices were related to children’s diet and/or BMI as well.Conclusions:The findings underline the importance of viewing the impact of parenting practices in the context of general parenting and child temperament.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Mood on Food Intake and BMI Among Secondary Female Students in Al Madinah Almunawarah, KSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Eating healthy is one of the essential things that should be taught at a young age. Obesity among adolescent or young girls is increasing dramatically. Psychological factors like mood swings can contribute to increased dietary intake and eventually to obesity. Aims: To explore the impact of mood on dietary intake and development of obesity Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a hundred female students aged from 13 to 15 years old. Students were selected randomly from three private secondary schools located in Al-Madinah. Students who matched the inclusion criteria were allowed to participate. A health and lifestyle questionnaire was distributed as well as a food diary to record their food consumption and mood over the upcoming three days (two school days and one weekend day). Weight and height were measured and BMI was obtained and compared to percentile BMI for age according to WHO. Results: A cross-sectional analysis determined the association between negative mood and intake of the following: calories: p value (0.02), fat: p value (0.01) and carbohydrates (0.01) respectively. Moreover, analysis also determined the association between BMI percentile (obese and overweight students) and intake of all of the following; fat (p=0.001), carbs (p=0.014) and kcal (p=0.006). Conclusion: Negative mood among students or adolescents could contributes to increase consumption of fat, carbs and energy and could lead to increasing body weight, compared to students with positive mood which could lead them to consume less fat, carbs and calories and then not effect body weight.

The impact of a guideline to prevent inappropriate albumin administration in a hospital in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Javad Javan-Noughabi ◽  
Elahe Parnian ◽  
Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Fatemeh Setoodehzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aims In Iran, there are no specific national guidelines for the prescription or administration of albumin. Since March 2017, a standard guideline for albumin prescription has been implemented at a hospital in Tehran, Iran. The objective of this study was to compare the use of albumin and its related costs before and after implementation of this guideline. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed at the hospital in 2018. Data regarding albumin prescription were collected using a census method. Collected data included the demographic and clinical information of patients, duration of hospitalisation and the costs of tests and pharmacotherapy consultations before albumin was prescribed. Albumin consumption costs were also collected before and after the implementation of the guideline. Data were analysed using SPSS 21 software and descriptive statistics. Results Albumin consumption was significantly reduced after the guideline was implemented, decreasing from an average of 28 vials (289g) to an average of 6 vials (67g) per patient. The average cost of albumin use also fell from the equivalent of $1218 before the guideline was implemented, to an average of $281 per patient. Conclusions The implementation of a guideline for albumin prescription and administration in a hospital setting resulted in a significant reduction of inappropriate albumin use and the associated costs.

scholarly journals Alterations in children’s sub-dominant gut microbiota by HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258226
Author(s):  
Quynh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Azumi Ishizaki ◽  
Xiuqiong Bi ◽  
Kazunori Matsuda ◽  
Lam Van Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

Objective We investigated the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on the gut microbiota of children. Design This cross-sectional study investigated the gut microbiota of children with and without HIV. Methods We collected fecal samples from 59 children with HIV (29 treated with ART [ART(+)] and 30 without ART [HIV(+)]) and 20 children without HIV [HIV(–)] in Vietnam. We performed quantitative RT-PCR to detect 14 representative intestinal bacteria targeting 16S/23S rRNA molecules. We also collected the blood samples for immunological analyses. Results In spearman’s correlation analyses, no significant correlation between the number of dominant bacteria and age was found among children in the HIV(−) group. However, the number of sub-dominant bacteria, including Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae, positively correlated with age in the HIV(−) group, but not in the HIV(+) group. In the HIV(+) group, Clostridium coccoides group positively associated with the CD4+ cell count and its subsets. In the ART(+) group, Staphylococcus and C. perfringens positively correlated with CD4+ cells and their subsets and negatively with activated CD8+ cells. C. coccoides group and Bacteroides fragilis group were associated with regulatory T-cell counts. In multiple linear regression analyses, ART duration was independently associated with the number of C. perfringens, and Th17 cell count with the number of Staphylococcus in the ART(+) group. Conclusions HIV infection and ART may influence sub-dominant gut bacteria, directly or indirectly, in association with immune status in children with HIV.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Composition and Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Relation to Habitual Dietary Intake in Korean Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Hwayoung Noh ◽  
Hwan-Hee Jang ◽  
Gichang Kim ◽  
Semi Zouiouich ◽  
Su-Yeon Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Α Diversity

We investigated associations of habitual dietary intake with the taxonomic composition and diversity of the human gut microbiota in 222 Koreans aged 18–58 years in a cross-sectional study. Gut microbiota data were obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing on DNA extracted from fecal samples. The habitual diet for the previous year was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. After multivariable adjustment, intake of several food groups including vegetables, fermented legumes, legumes, dairy products, processed meat, and non-alcoholic beverages were associated with major phyla of the gut microbiota. A dietary pattern related to higher α-diversity (HiαDP) derived by reduced rank regression was characterized by higher intakes of fermented legumes, vegetables, seaweeds, and nuts/seeds and lower intakes of non-alcoholic beverages. The HiαDP was positively associated with several genera of Firmicutes such as Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Eubacterium (all p < 0.05). Among enterotypes identified by principal coordinate analysis based on the β-diversity, the Ruminococcus enterotype had higher HiαDP scores and was strongly positively associated with intakes of vegetables, seaweeds, and nuts/seeds, compared to the two other enterotypes. We conclude that a plant- and fermented food-based diet was positively associated with some genera of Firmicutes (e.g., Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Eubacterium) reflecting better gut microbial health.

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

The impact of the use of a footrest on the quality of chest compressions. A prospective, randomized, cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Majer ◽  
Sandra Pyda ◽  
Jerzy Robert Ladny ◽  
Antonio Rodriguez-Nunez ◽  
Lukasz Szarpak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Correlation of Altmetric Attention Scores with Citations in Major Pharmacy Journals (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave L Dixon ◽  
William L Baker
Keyword(s):  
Citation Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Promotion And Tenure ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The impact and quality of a faculty members publications is a key factor in promotion and tenure decisions and career advancement. Traditional measures, including citation counts and journal impact factor, have notable limitations. Since 2010, alternative metrics have been proposed as another means of assessing the impact and quality of scholarly work. The Altmetric Attention Score is an objective score frequently used to determine the immediate reach of a published work across the web, including news outlets, blogs, social media, and more. Several studies evaluating the correlation between the Altmetric Attention Score and number of citations have found mixed results and may be discipline-specific. OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between higher Altmetric Attention Scores and citation count for journal articles published in major pharmacy journals. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated articles from major pharmacy journals ranked in the top 10% according to the Altmetric Attention Score. Sources of attention that determined the Altmetric Attention Score were obtained, as well each articles open access status, article type, study design, and topic. Correlation between journal characteristics, including the Altmetric Attention Score and number of citations, was assessed using the Spearman’s correlation test. A Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the Altmetric Attention Scores between journals. RESULTS Six major pharmacy journals were identified. A total of 1,376 articles were published in 2017 and 137 of these represented the top 10% with the highest Altmetric Attention Scores. The median Altmetric Attention Score was 19 (IQR 15-28). Twitter and Mendeley were the most common sources of attention. Over half (56.2%) of the articles were original investigations and 49.8% were either cross-sectional, qualitative, or cohort studies. No significant correlation was found between the Altmetric Attention Score and citation count (rs=0.07, P = 0.485). Mendeley was the only attention source that correlated with the number of citations (rs=0.486, P<0.001). The median Altmetric Attention Score varied widely between each journal (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The overall median Altmetric Attention score of 19 suggests articles published in major pharmacy journals are near the top 5% of all scientific output. However, we found no correlation between the Altmetric Attention Score and number of citations for articles published in major pharmacy journals in the year 2017.

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document