scholarly journals Genomic Landscape of the Mitochondrial Genome in the United Arab Emirates Native Population

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Fatma A. Aljasmi ◽  
Ranjit Vijayan ◽  
Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari ◽  
Abdul-Kader Souid ◽  
Noushad Karuvantevida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Native Population ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Genomic Landscape ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Mtdna Variants ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Atp8 Gene

In order to assess the genomic landscape of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) mitogenome, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of 232 Emirate females mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within and compared those to Africa. We investigated the prevalence of haplogroups, genetic variation, heteroplasmy, and demography among the UAE native population with diverse ethnicity and relatively high degree of consanguinity. We identified 968 mtDNA variants and high-resolution 15 haplogroups. Our results show that the UAE population received enough gene flow from Africa represented by the haplogroups L, U6, and M1, and that 16.8% of the population has an eastern provenance, depicted by the U haplogroup and the M Indian haplogroup (12%), whereas western Eurasian and Asian haplogroups (R, J, and K) represent 11 to 15%. Interestingly, we found an ancient migration present through the descendant of L (N1 and X) and other sub-haplogroups (L2a1d and L4) and (L3x1b), which is one of the oldest evolutionary histories outside of Africa. Our demographic analysis shows no population structure among populations, with low diversity and no population differentiation. In addition, we show that the transmission of mtDNA in the UAE population is under purifying selection with hints of diversifying selection on ATP8 gene. Last, our results show a population bottleneck, which coincides with the Western European contact (1400 ybp). Our study of the UAE mitogenomes suggest that several maternal lineage migratory episodes liking African–Asian corridors occurred since the first modern human emerges out of Africa.

Incidence of Listeria spp. in Retail Foods in the United Arab Emirates

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIRENDRA S. GOHIL ◽  
MOUSA A. AHMED ◽  
RON DAVIES ◽  
RICHARD K. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Listeria Welshimeri ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Retail Food

A survey of 1,101 samples of retail food items in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) covering dairy products, fresh vegetables, fresh/frozen meat and poultry and a range of “ready-to-eat” meals indicated that the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes was, in general, extremely low. Only in imported frozen chicken was L. monocytogenes detectable with a high degree of frequency, but fresh chicken and semi-processed meats of local origin were also contaminated. No indication of the number of organisms present in any given sample was sought, but as all the suspect foods would have been cooked prior to consumption, risks to the consumer should have been minimal. Listeria was not found in any “ready-to-eat” meals, including those made from chicken. Although Listeria innocua and Listeria welshimeri were detected in some retail foods, these species are normally regarded as being of little consequence with respect to public health.

scholarly journals Deleterious mtDNA mutations are common in mature oocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-619
Author(s):  
Hong Ma ◽  
Tomonari Hayama ◽  
Crystal Van Dyken ◽  
Hayley Darby ◽  
Amy Koski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Mature Mouse ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Mtdna Variants ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Post Implantation

Abstract Heritable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are common, yet only a few recurring pathogenic mtDNA variants account for the majority of known familial cases in humans. Purifying selection in the female germline is thought to be responsible for the elimination of most harmful mtDNA mutations during oogenesis. Here we show that deleterious mtDNA mutations are abundant in ovulated mature mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos recovered from PolG mutator females but not in their live offspring. This implies that purifying selection acts not in the maternal germline per se, but during post-implantation development. We further show that oocyte mtDNA mutations can be captured and stably maintained in embryonic stem cells and then reintroduced into chimeras, thereby allowing examination of the effects of specific mutations on fetal and postnatal development.

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Mohamed Amer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Current Report

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of respiratory tract illness in children. Two HMPV subgroups, A and B, and four genotypes, A1, A2, B1 and B2, have been identified. Concurrent circulation of the different genotypes in yearly epidemics has been recorded globally, but not in Saudi Arabia. The current report was designed to study HMPV epidemiology in Saudi children and to analyze the genetic diversity and circulation patterns. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (n = 174) were collected from hospitalized children in Riyadh (2008-2009). The screening of samples using real-time RT-PCR identified 19 HMPV strains. The majority of the strains belonged to subgroup B, while all strains of subgroup A were members of genotype A2. In 2008, only subgroup B was recognized, whereas in 2009 both subgroups were identified to be cocirculating at similar rates. The full-length attachment (G) gene and a partial sequence of the fusion (F) gene of positive samples were sequenced. The G gene showed a high degree of genetic diversity and exhibited a variable number of positively selected sites in different lineages. In contrast, the F gene demonstrated an extensive genetic stability with a higher tendency toward purifying selection. This is the first report on HMPV genotype circulation in Saudi Arabia; however, the exact circulation kinetics requires further retrospective and prospective study.

Out of Africa with regional interbreeding? Modern human origins

BioEssays ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Satta ◽  
Naoyuki Takahata
Keyword(s):  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Modern Human Origins ◽  
Out Of Africa

The evolutionary study of human family systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Emlen
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Family Counselling ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Human Family ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Evolutionary biologists seek to understand human behavior by postulating that many of our current social behaviors and emotions represent heritable adaptations that were selectively advantageous during our ancestral (pre-agricultural, pre-industrial) human environment. Studies of animal species that live in societies structured similarly to those of our ancestors (i.e. in multi-generational family groups) may thus provide insights into the genetically influenced behavioral predispositions that may be present in ourselves. The evolutionary approach argues that family groupings have a biological basis. They form under particular ecological and demographic conditions when the reproduction of individuals is enhanced by prolonging the association between parents and young. Because families are comprised of close genetic relatives, a high degree of cooperation is expected between their members. Conflict is also expected, however, because the reproductive interests of parents, offspring, and other family members are rarely identical. Such conflicts are intensified in reconstituted (step) families because replacement mates (stepparents) are unrelated to offspring of the previous pairing, and extant offspring are less related to future young of the new pairing. I develop a set of predictions specifying when, where, and between whom, conflict is expected in reconstituted family environments. After briefly documenting the robustness of this approach in explaining the behavior of non-human species, I examine its value for interpreting patterns of behavior in human stepfamilies. I suggest that much of the increased conflict seen in modern human families is due to the recent surge in numbers of stepfamily households. Increased understanding of our behavioral predispositions can help us to design better conflict resolution strategies for human families in crisis. I offer a five point program for incorporating such knowledge into family counselling. The evolutionary perspective does not challenge or contradict the intellectual frameworks of sociology or psychology. Rather it seeks explanations for human behavior at a different level of analysis. In doing so it provides additional information of a new dimension which should lead to a better understanding of the types and frequencies of human family dysfunction.

Personnel

2018 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Peter Knoepfel
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Institutional Policy ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Human Resource Policies ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
High Degree

This chapter deals with the resource Personnel which is another important resource in the hands of public and private actors and is usually managed using an institutional policy known as human resources policy. It describes the high degree of regulation of the use of this resource, even in the ‘post public service’ age, the key postulates of modern human resource policies for public action, and the importance of budgetary cuts for this resource. Examples are drawn from money laundering policies, environmental policies, professional training policies and labour market policies. The chapter specifically refers to the numerous modes of exchange of this resource between target groups and political-administrative actors.

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