scholarly journals Semen Modulates the Expression of NGF, ABHD2, VCAN, and CTEN in the Reproductive Tract of Female Rabbits

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Gardela ◽  
Amaia Jauregi-Miguel ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Manel Lopez-Bejar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Mating Experiment ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Ngf Gene

Semen changes the gene expression in endometrial and oviductal tissues modulating important processes for reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that mating and/or sperm-free seminal plasma deposition in the reproductive tract affect the expression of genes associated with sperm-lining epithelium interactions, ovulation, and pre-implantation effects (nerve growth factor, NGF; α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 2, ABHD2; C-terminal tensin-like protein, CTEN or TNS4; and versican, VCAN) in the period 10–72 h post-mating. In Experiment 1, does (n = 9) were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (control), GnRH-stimulated, and vaginally infused with sperm-free seminal plasma (SP-AI), or GnRH-stimulated and naturally mated (NM). In Experiment 2, does (n = 15) were GnRH-stimulated and naturally mated. Samples were retrieved from the internal reproductive tracts (cervix-to-infundibulum) 20 h post-treatment (Experiment 1) or sequentially collected at 10, 24, 36, 68, or 72 h post-mating (Experiment 2, 3 does/period). All samples were processed for gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR. Data showed an upregulation of endometrial CTEN and NGF by NM, but not by SP-AI. The findings suggest that the NGF gene affects the reproductive tract of the doe during ovulation and beyond, influencing the maternal environment during early embryonic development.

scholarly journals Does the Act of Copulation per se, without Considering Seminal Deposition, Change the Expression of Genes in the Porcine Female Genital Tract?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5477
Author(s):  
Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Dominic Wright ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Semen—through its specific sperm and seminal plasma (SP) constituents—induces changes of gene expression in the internal genital tract of pigs, particularly in the functional sperm reservoir at the utero-tubal junction (UTJ). Although seminal effects are similarly elicited by artificial insemination (AI), major changes in gene expression are registered after natural mating, a fact suggesting the act of copulation induces per se changes in genes that AI does not affect. The present study explored which pathways were solely influenced by copulation, affecting the differential expression of genes (DEGs) of the pre/peri-ovulatory genital tract (cervix, distal uterus, proximal uterus and UTJ) of estrus sows, 24 h after various procedures were performed to compare natural mating with AI of semen (control 1), sperm-free SP harvested from the sperm-peak fraction (control 2), sperm-free SP harvested from the whole ejaculate (control 3) or saline-extender BTS (control 4), using a microarray chip (GeneChip® porcine gene 1.0 st array). Genes related to neuroendocrine responses (ADRA1, ADRA2, GABRB2, CACNB2), smooth muscle contractility (WNT7A), angiogenesis and vascular remodeling (poFUT1, NTN4) were, among others, overrepresented with distal and proximal uterine segments exhibiting the highest number of DEGs. The findings provide novel evidence that relevant transcriptomic changes in the porcine female reproductive tract occur in direct response to the specific act of copulation, being semen-independent.

150 Effect of bovine seminal plasma and sperm on endometrial gene expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
B. Fernandez-Fuertes ◽  
J. M. Sanchez ◽  
S. Bages ◽  
P. Lonergan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Rna Quality ◽  
Rna Integrity Number ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Negative Effect

In cattle, most pregnancy losses are sustained before implantation. Many factors are involved in implantation failure, but in mice, pigs and humans there is increased evidence of a role for the maternal immune system and its regulation by seminal plasma (SP). However, there is little evidence for a role of SP in bovine fertility, where dilution or removal of SP before AI is routine. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the effect of bull SP or sperm on endometrial gene expression. To this end, 6 heifers were oestrous synchronised and slaughtered 12h after the onset of oestrus. Five endometrial explants from the horn ipsilateral to the preovulatory follicle were obtained from each animal. Explants were incubated with (1) RPMI medium (control); (2) epididymal sperm (106 epididymal sperm mL−1); (3) complete ejaculate (106 ejaculated sperm mL−1+25% SP); (4) ejaculated sperm alone (106 ejaculated sperm mL−1); and (5) SP alone (25% SP). Epididymal sperm were collected and pooled from the cauda epididymis of 3 bulls slaughtered in a commercial abattoir. In addition, complete ejaculates were obtained from 3 other bulls using an artificial vagina. After pooling the samples, a small volume was washed through a density gradient to obtain the ejaculated sperm, and the rest of the ejaculate was filtered to obtain sperm-free SP. The RPMI media was used to dilute sperm and SP to the working concentrations. After 6h of incubation, explants were snap frozen. The RNA quality was assessed with an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) before RT-qPCR analysis. Interestingly, SP had a dramatic effect on endometrium RNA integrity, as evidenced by a lower RNA integrity number in explants exposed to a complete ejaculate (2.4±0.14) or SP (2.4±0.06), in comparison with the control, epididymal sperm, or ejaculated sperm treatments (6.7±0.43, 6.9±0.32, 6.7±0.30, respectively; P<0.05). Due to the low RNA quality, those treatments were excluded from further analysis. However, this finding is currently being explored, along with the possibility of this effect being inherent to species that ejaculate intravaginally. We then compared the ability of ejaculated sperm (which have been exposed to SP) and epididymal sperm (which have never had contact with SP) to regulate the endometrial expression of IL1A, IL1B, IL8, IL6, PTGES2, TNFA, and LIF. Although IL6, IL1A and LIF increased in all animals when exposed to either ejaculated or epididymal sperm, there was no effect of treatment. In conclusion, these data did not support the notion that exposure of sperm to SP is important for the immune regulation of the bovine uterus. In addition, the negative effect of SP on the endometrium, together with the fact that bulls are intravaginal ejaculators, suggests that any putative immunoregulatory role of this fluid in the cattle uterus is indirect. Further analysis of the effect of SP on the vagina and cervix will help elucidate whether this response is present in this species and whether it can propagate to more distal regions of the reproductive tract. This work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland (13/IA/1983, 16/IA/4474).

scholarly journals Prostaglandin F2α promotes angiogenesis and embryo–maternal interactions during implantation

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kaczynski ◽  
Mariusz P Kowalewski ◽  
Agnieszka Waclawik
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
Extraembryonic Membranes ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractImplantation in humans and other mammals is a critical period during which high embryonic mortality rates occur. Prostaglandins (PGs) are key mediators regulating interactions between the reproductive tract and the conceptus (embryo with extraembryonic membranes). Although the significance of PGF2α as a regulator of corpus luteum regression is well established, the role of its high amounts in the uterine lumen in most mammals, regardless of placentation type, during the implantation period remains unresolved. We hypothesized that PGF2α acting as an embryonic signal mediator contributes to pregnancy establishment. Using a porcine model, we demonstrated that the conceptus and its signal (estradiol-17β) elevated endometrial expression of PGF2α receptor (PTGFR)invivoandin vitro. PTGFR protein was expressed mainly in luminal epithelial (LE) and glandular epithelial cells and blood vessels in the endometrium. PGF2α stimulated the MAPK1/3 pathway in endometrial LE cells that coincided with elevated gene expression and secretion of endometrial vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) protein. PGF2α–PTGFR and adenylyl cyclase signaling were involved in this process. PGF2α-induced VEGFA acting through its receptors stimulated proliferation of endometrial endothelial cells. Moreover, PGF2α elevated gene expression of biglycan, matrix metalloproteinase 9, transforming growth factor β3, and interleukin 1α in the endometrium. In summary, our study indicates that PGF2α participates in pregnancy establishment by promoting angiogenesis and expression of genes involved in tissue remodeling and conceptus–maternal interactions in porcine endometrium during early pregnancy.

scholarly journals Global Gene Expression Profiling of Human Osteosarcomas Reveals Metastasis-Associated Chemokine Pattern

Sarcoma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M. Namløs ◽  
Stine H. Kresse ◽  
Christoph R. Müller ◽  
Jørn Henriksen ◽  
Rita Holdhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Gene Expression Array ◽  
Expression Array ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Global Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Global Gene Expression Analysis

Global gene expression analysis was performed on a panel of 23 osteosarcoma samples of primary and metastatic origin using the Applied Biosystems Gene Expression Array System. When comparing the primary tumours with the metastases, we found a significantly increased expression of genes involved in immunological processes, for example coding for cytokines and chemokines, in the metastatic samples. In addition, a comparison of the gene expression in primary samples from patients with or without metastases demonstrated that patients who later developed metastases had high expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), similar to the metastatic samples, suggesting that these signal molecules play an important role in promoting metastasis. Increased knowledge of mechanisms and interactions between specified molecular signalling pathways in osteosarcomas could lead to a more rational strategy for development of targeted therapy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Acute Erythromycin Exposure on the Swimming Ability of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyi Li ◽  
Jiabo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Erythromycin is a widely used antibiotic, and erythromycin contamination may pose a threat to aquatic organisms. However, little is known about the adverse effects of erythromycin on swimming ability. To quantify erythromycin-induced damage to fish swimming ability, Oryzias latipes and Danio rerio were acutely exposed to erythromycin. The swimming ability of the experimental fish was measured after exposure to varying doses of erythromycin (2 µg/L, 20 µg/L, 200 µg/L, and 2 mg/L) for 96 h. Burst speed (Uburst) and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of experimental fish significantly decreased. In addition, gene expression analysis of O. latipes and D. rerio under erythromycin treatment (2 mg/L) showed that the expression of genes related to energy metabolism in the muscle was significantly reduced in both species of fish. However, the gene expression pattern in the head of the two species was differentially impacted; D. rerio showed endocrine disruption, while phototransduction was impacted in O. latipes. The results of our study may be used as a reference to control erythromycin pollution in natural rivers.

scholarly journals Expression of Immune Regulatory Genes in the Porcine Internal Genital Tract Is Differentially Triggered by Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez ◽  
Mohammad Atikuzzaman ◽  
Heli Venhoranta ◽  
Dominic Wright ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Immune Related Gene ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Sperm Reservoir ◽  
Peak Fraction

Mating or cervical deposition of spermatozoa or seminal plasma (SP) modifies the expression of genes affecting local immune defense processes at the oviductal sperm reservoir in animals with internal fertilization, frequently by down-regulation. Such responses may occur alongside sperm transport to or even beyond the reservoir. Here, immune-related gene expression was explored with cDNA microarrays on porcine cervix-to-infundibulum tissues, pre-/peri-ovulation. Samples were collected 24 h post-mating or cervical deposition of sperm-peak spermatozoa or SP (from the sperm-peak fraction or the whole ejaculate). All treatments of this interventional study affected gene expression. The concerted action of spermatozoa and SP down-regulated chemokine and cytokine (P00031), interferon-gamma signaling (P00035), and JAK/STAT (P00038) pathways in segments up to the sperm reservoir (utero-tubal junction (UTJ)/isthmus). Spermatozoa in the vanguard sperm-peak fraction (P1-AI), uniquely displayed an up-regulatory effect on these pathways in the ampulla and infundibulum. Sperm-free SP, on the other hand, did not lead to major effects on gene expression, despite the clinical notion that SP mitigates reactivity by the female immune system after mating or artificial insemination.

scholarly journals Characterization of local and peripheral immune system in pregnant and non-pregnant ewes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel D Quirke ◽  
Paul H Maclean ◽  
Neville A Haack ◽  
Sara J Edwards ◽  
Axel Heiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Peripheral Lymph

Abstract Modulation of the immune system is known to be important for successful pregnancy but how immune function might differ between the lymph nodes draining the reproductive tract and peripheral lymph nodes is not well understood. Additionally, if immune system changes in response to the presence of an embryo during early pregnancy, and if this response differs in local versus peripheral immune tissue, has not been well characterized. To address these questions, we examined expression of genes important for immune function using NanoString technology in the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct, endometrium, lymph nodes draining the reproductive tract (lumbo-aortic and medial iliac) as well as a peripheral lymph node (axillary), the spleen and circulating immune cells from ewes on day 5 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. Concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in plasma were also determined. Principal component analysis revealed separation of the local from the peripheral lymph nodes (MANOVA P = 3.245e-08, R 2 = 0.3) as well as separation of tissues from pregnant and non-pregnant animals [lymph nodes (MANOVA P = 2.337e-09, R 2 = 0.5), reproductive tissues (MANOVA P = 2.417e-14, R 2 = 0.47)]. Nine genes were differentially (FDR <0.10) expressed between lymph node types, with clear difference in expression of these genes between the lumbo-aortic and axillary lymph nodes. Expression of these genes in the medial iliac lymph node was not consistently different to either the axillary or the lumbo-aortic lymph node. Expression of IL10RB was increased (P < 0.05) by 24% in the reproductive tissue of the pregnant animals comparing to non-pregnant animals. Analysis of gene categories revealed that expression of genes of the T cell receptor pathway in reproductive tract tissues was associated (P < 0.05) with pregnancy status. In conclusion, assessment of gene expression of reproductive and immune tissue provides evidence for a specialization of the local immune system around the reproductive tract potentially important for successful establishment of pregnancy. Additionally, differences in gene expression patterns in reproductive tissue from pregnant and non-pregnant animals could be discerned as early as day 5 of pregnancy. This was found to be associated with expression of genes important for T-cell function and thus highlights the important role of these cells in early pregnancy.

A new set of reference genes for RT-qPCR assays in the yeast Dekkera bruxellensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1362-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will de Barros Pita ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Bezerra Leite ◽  
Anna Theresa de Souza Liberal ◽  
Luciana Filgueira Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Gene ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dekkera Bruxellensis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Normalization Factors

The yeast Dekkera bruxellensis has been recently regarded as an important microorganism for bioethanol production owing to its ability to convert glucose, sucrose, and cellobiose to ethanol. The aim of this work was to validate a new set of reference genes for gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR in D. bruxellensis and compare the influence of the method of choice for quantification of mRNA levels with the reliability of our data. Three candidate reference genes, DbEFA1, DbEFB1, and DbYNA1, were used in a quantitative analysis of 4 genes of interest, DbYNR1, DbTPS1, DbADH7, and DbUBA4, based on an approach for calculating the normalization factors by means of the geNorm applet. Each reference gene was also individually used for a [Formula: see text] (comparative Cq method) calculation of the relative expression of genes of interest. Our results showed that the 3 reference genes provided enough stability and were complementary to the normalization factors method in different culture conditions. This work was able to confirm the usefulness of a previously reported reference gene, EFA1/TEF1, and increased the set of possible reference genes in D. bruxellensis to 4. Moreover, this can improve the reliability of the analysis of the regulation of gene expression in the industrial yeast D. bruxellensis.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Genes Associated With Degradation Enhancement of Imazethapyr in Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giliardi Dalazen ◽  
Catarine Markus ◽  
Aldo Merotto Jr
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes

The understanding of mechanism of herbicide resistance in weeds is essential for adequate or innovative weed management practices. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the expression of genes related to degradation enhancement of imazethapyr in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv.). One susceptible (SUSSP01) and two populations previouslly identified as resistant to imazethapyr (ARRGR01 and PALMS01) were used. Gene expression of CYP and GST, the translation initiating factor eIF4B, and ALS genes were evaluated after imazethapyr spraying. A reference gene stability analysis was carried out, wherein the genes 18S and actin showed to be more stable in response to the population and herbicide treatment. The gene expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. There was no difference in the relative expression of the ALS gene. The CYP81A6 and GSTF1 genes showed higher relative expression in the resistant populations. The CYP81A6 gene had expression 9.61 and 8.44 higher in the resistant populations ARRGR01 and PALMS01, respectively, in comparison with the untreated susceptible population. The expression of this gene was induced by spraying the herbicide imazethapyr. The GSTF1 gene showed higher relative expression in PALMS01 population, reaching 12.30 times higher in plants treated with imazethapyr in relation to untreated susceptible population. The expression of eIF4B gene in the resistant populations treated with imazethapyr was about six times higher than observed in susceptible population. The high relative expression of CYP81A6 and GSTF1 genes indicate the importance of degradation enhancement for the resistance of barnyargrass to imazethapyr.

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