scholarly journals First Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Cases of Gastric Anisakiosis in Spain

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Xavier Roca-Geronès ◽  
M. Magdalena Alcover ◽  
Carla Godínez-González ◽  
Olga González-Moreno ◽  
Miquel Masachs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Clinical Cases

Anisakiosis is a fish-borne disease with gastrointestinal and/or allergic symptoms caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish parasitized with nematode larvae of the genus Anisakis. In Europe, Anisakis pegreffii has been detected as the causative agent, although the sibling species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) is also known to cause the disease in other parts of the world, and discrepancies exist regarding their respective pathogenic potential. In Spain a high number of cases has been recorded, with marinated anchovies being the main source of infection, although no specific diagnosis has been documented in humans. In this study, we analyzed three cases of anisakiosis in patients from Barcelona (Spain) who had consumed undercooked hake. All patients described epigastric pain and several larval nematodes were removed endoscopically from their stomachs. Larvae were morphologically characterized as third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex sensu lato (s.l.) and molecularly identified as A. simplex (s.s.) by means of PCR RFLP of the ITS region of the rDNA and sequencing of the elongation factor1 alpha1 (EF1 α-1) nDNA gen. This study represents the first specific identification of Anisakis larvae in clinical cases of anisakiosis reported in Spain. Specific molecular diagnosis is of crucial importance for assessing the health risk of Anisakis sibling species. Hake consumption stands out as a risk factor for anisakiosis, since this fish species can be highly parasitized.

Molecular characterization of Anisakis pegreffii larvae in Pacific cod in Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Abe ◽  
N. Ohya ◽  
R. Yanagiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Pcr Rflp

AbstractIt is now recognized that the morphospecies Anisakis simplex is not a single species but a complex composed of three sibling species, A. simplex sensu stricto, A. pegreffii and A. simplex C. In Japan, A. simplex-like larvae have been isolated from a variety of fish and humans, but the larvae collected have been identified as A. simplex by only light microscopy. Therefore, the epidemiology of the A. simplex complex, composed of three sibling species, is still unclear in Japan. In the present study, 26 A. simplex-like larval isolates were obtained from two Pacific cod landed in Hokkaido, Japan, and examined genetically by PCR–RFLP and direct sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. Among the 26 isolates, 24 were identified as A. simplex sensu stricto, the other two as A. pegreffii. The present study is the first to confirm the distribution of A. pegreffii in Japan, and to detect A. pegreffii larvae in Pacific cod.

Molecular identification of Anisakis species from Pleuronectiformes off the Portuguese coast

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Marques ◽  
H.N. Cabral ◽  
M. Busi ◽  
S. D'Amelio
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Portuguese Coast ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

AbstractAnisakid nematodes belonging to the Anisakis simplex complex are highly prevalent in several fish species off the coast of Portugal and are an important zoonotic problem in the Iberian Peninsula. Two reproductively isolated sibling species of the Anisakis simplex complex were identified from Pleuronectiformes inhabiting the Portuguese coast using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Recombinant genotypes corresponding to presumptive Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii hybrids were also detected by this technique, as well as the species Anisakis typica. Although 25 species of Pleuronectiformes were investigated, Anisakis spp. larvae were only found in seven: Arnoglossus imperialis, Arnoglossus laterna, Lepidorhombus boscii, Citharus linguatula, Platichthys flesus, Dicologlossa cuneata and Solea senegalensis. The occurrence of hybrids in relatively sedentary fishes such as the Pleuronectiformes suggests that the Portuguese coast may constitute an area of hybridization and, therefore, is of particular interest for the study of the process of hybridization and speciation for these anisakids.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species and Closely Related Saprobic Taxa in the Tremellales

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisha Findley ◽  
Marianela Rodriguez-Carres ◽  
Banu Metin ◽  
Johannes Kroiss ◽  
Álvaro Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Tree Building

ABSTRACT The basidiomycetous yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are closely related sibling species that cause respiratory and neurological disease in humans and animals. Within these two recognized species, phylogenetic analysis reveals at least six cryptic species defined as molecular types (VNI/II/B, VNIV, VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV) that comprise the pathogenic Cryptococcus species complex. These pathogenic species are clustered in the Filobasidiella clade within the order Tremellales. Previous studies have shown that the Filobasidiella clade also includes several saprobic fungi isolated from insect frass, but information evaluating the relatedness of the saprobes and pathogens within this cluster is limited. Here, the phylogeny encompassing a subset of species in the Tremellales lineage that clusters closely with the pathogenic Cryptococcus species complex was resolved by employing a multilocus sequencing approach for phylogenetic analysis. Six highly conserved genomic loci from 15 related basidiomycete species were sequenced, and the alignments from the concatenated gene sequences were evaluated with different tree-building criteria. Furthermore, these 15 species were subjected to virulence and phenotype assays to evaluate their pathogenic potential. These studies revealed that Cryptococcus amylolentus and Tsuchiyaea wingfieldii, two nonpathogenic sibling species, are the taxa most closely related to the pathogens C. neoformans and C. gattii and together with Filobasidiella depauperata form a Cryptococcus sensu stricto group. Five other saprobic yeast species form the Kwoniella clade, which appears to be a part of a more distantly related sensu lato group. This study establishes a foundation for future comparative genomic approaches that will provide insight into the structure, function, and evolution of the mating type locus, the transitions in modes of sexual reproduction, and the emergence of human pathogenic species from related or ancestral saprobic species.

scholarly journals Laboratory and microcosm experiments reveal contrasted adaptive responses to ammonia and water mineralisation in aquatic stages of the sibling species Anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) and Anopheles coluzzii

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwamaka Oluchukwu Akpodiete ◽  
Frédéric Tripet
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Phenotypic Quality

Abstract Background The sibling species of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) and Anopheles coluzzii co-exist in many parts of West Africa and are thought to have recently diverged through a process of ecological speciation with gene flow. Divergent larval ecological adaptations, resulting in Genotype-by-Environment (G × E) interactions, have been proposed as important drivers of speciation in these species. In West Africa, An. coluzzii tends to be associated with permanent man-made larval habitats such as irrigated rice fields, which are typically more eutrophic and mineral and ammonia-rich than the temporary rain pools exploited by An. gambiae (s.s.) Methods To highlight G × E interactions at the larval stage and their possible role in ecological speciation of these species, we first investigated the effect of exposure to ammonium hydroxide and water mineralisation on larval developmental success. Mosquito larvae were exposed to two water sources and increasing ammonia concentrations in small containers until adult emergence. In a second experiment, larval developmental success was compared across two contrasted microcosms to highlight G × E interactions under conditions such as those found in the natural environment. Results The first experiment revealed significant G × E interactions in developmental success and phenotypic quality for both species in response to increasing ammonia concentrations and water mineralisation. The An. coluzzii strain outperformed the An. gambiae (s.s.) strain under limited conditions that were closer to more eutrophic habitats. The second experiment revealed divergent crisscrossing reaction norms in the developmental success of the sibling species in the two contrasted larval environments. As expected, An. coluzzii had higher emergence rates in the rice paddy environment with emerging adults of superior phenotypic quality compared to An. gambiae (s.s.), and vice versa, in the rain puddle environment. Conclusions Evidence for such G × E interactions lends support to the hypothesis that divergent larval adaptations to the environmental conditions found in man-made habitats such as rice fields in An. coluzzii may have been an important driver of its ecological speciation.

scholarly journals Genetic variation among pathogens causing "Helminthosporium" diseases of rice, maize and wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA C. B. WEIKERT-OLIVEIRA ◽  
M. APARECIDA DE RESENDE ◽  
HENRIQUE M. VALÉRIO ◽  
RACHEL B. CALIGIORNE ◽  
EDILSON PAIVA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Upgma Phenogram

Twenty isolates of four fungal species, agents of "Helminthosporium" diseases in cereals, were collected from different regions: nine Bipolarisoryzae isolated from rice (Oryza sativa), seven B.sorokiniana from wheat (Triticum aestivum), two B. maydis, and two Exserohilumturcicum from maize (Zea mays). The strains were compared by PCR-RFLP and RAPD analysis. Size polymorphism among the isolates in the ITS region comprising the 5.8 S rDNA indicated genetic differences among the isolates, while a UPGMA phenogram constructed after the digestion of this region with restriction enzymes showed inter- and intra-specific polymorphism. The RAPD profiles indicated an expressive level of polymorphism among different species, compared with a low level of polymorphism among isolates of the same species. A UPGMA phenogram grouped the isolates according to the species and their host plant. RAPD profiles did not reveal polymorphism that directly correlated climatic factors with geographic source of the isolates of B. sorokiniana, and B. oryzae. Teleomorphic species revealed high similarity with their correspondent anamorphs.

scholarly journals PCR-RFLP ITS-based analysis of wine yeast autochthonous strains isolated from different grape cultivars in Taman subregion

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 05020
Author(s):  
Elena Lobodina ◽  
Ivan Suprun ◽  
Natalya Ageeva ◽  
Ekaterina Al-Nakib
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Product Size ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Hanseniaspora Uvarum ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Autochthonous Yeast ◽  
Rdna Its Region

The studies present the results of morphological, cultural and genetic analysis of the ITS1-ITS4 region of the autochthonous yeast strains genome by using the HaeIII restriction enzyme. On the red and white grapes varieties, based on the morphology of the cells, autochthonous strains belonging to the genus Saccharomyces prevail – 83.3%, what is confirmed by genetic analysis of rDNA ITS region. Restriction analysis showed that all strains of the genus Saccharomyces belong to the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae / S. paradoxus. The percentage of Saccharomyces isolated on the Pervenets Magaracha variety is 86.7%, Krasnostop Anapsky - 80%. The non-Saccharomyces yeast had a product size of 750 bp, presumably of the species Hanseniaspora uvarum.

scholarly journals The first report on Campylobacter coli family outbreak detected in Poland in 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
S Wardak ◽  
J Szych ◽  
M Sadkowska-Todys
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
The South ◽  
First Report ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Family Outbreak

A family outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter coli occurred in May 2006 in Bielsko-Biala, in the south of Poland. Four members of a family had non-bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps. C. coli were isolated in three of the four patients. PFGE and PCR-RFLP-flaA patterns confirmed the link between cases, showing the usefulness of these methods in outbreak investigation. At the same time, the epidemiological and environmental investigations of this outbreak were very limited and did not provide enough evidence to identify the source of infection, and thus to support the hypothesis formulated by the local epidemiologist. It is necessary to improve surveillance of campylobacteriosis mainly by multidisciplinary training of epidemiologists, microbiologists and general practitioners.

Molecular diagnosis of allergy to Anisakis simplex and Gymnorhynchus gigas fish parasites

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Armentia ◽  
J. Santos ◽  
Z. Serrano ◽  
B. Martín ◽  
S. Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Fish Parasites

scholarly journals Population Structure of Phytophthora plurivora on Rhododendron in Oregon Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1923-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Carleson ◽  
Valerie J. Fieland ◽  
Carolyn F. Scagel ◽  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Niklaus J. Grünwald
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Acid Sensitivity ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Phytophthora plurivora is a recently described plant pathogen, formerly recognized as P. citricola. Recent sampling of Pacific Northwest nurseries frequently encountered this pathogen, and it has been shown to be among the most damaging Phytophthora pathogens on ornamentals. We characterized the population structure of P. plurivora in a survey of four Oregon nurseries across three different counties with focus on Rhododendron hosts. Isolates were identified to the species level by Sanger sequencing and/or a PCR-RFLP assay of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to determine genetic diversity. Variants were called de novo, resulting in 284 high-quality variants for 61 isolates after stringent filtering. Based on Fst and AMOVA, populations were moderately differentiated among nurseries. Overall, population structure suggested presence of one dominant clonal lineage in all nurseries, as well as isolates of cryptic diversity mostly found in one nursery. Within the clonal lineage, there was a broad range of sensitivity to mefenoxam and phosphorous acid. Sensitivity of the two fungicides was correlated. P. plurivora was previously assumed to spread clonally, and the low genotypic diversity observed within and among isolates corroborated this hypothesis. The broad range of fungicide sensitivity within the P. plurivora population found in PNW nurseries has implications for managing disease caused by this important nursery pathogen. These findings provide the first perspective into P. plurivora population structure and phenotypic plasticity in Pacific Northwest nurseries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document