scholarly journals Form from Function, Order from Chaos in Male Germline Chromatin

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Peter J. I. Ellis ◽  
Darren K. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Male Germ Line ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Male Germline ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Nuclear Organisation ◽  
Multiple Stages

Spermatogenesis requires radical restructuring of germline chromatin at multiple stages, involving co-ordinated waves of DNA methylation and demethylation, histone modification, replacement and removal occurring before, during and after meiosis. This Special Issue has drawn together papers addressing many aspects of chromatin organization and dynamics in the male germ line, in humans and in model organisms. Two major themes emerge from these studies: the first is the functional significance of nuclear organisation in the developing germline; the second is the interplay between sperm chromatin structure and susceptibility to DNA damage and mutation. The consequences of these aspects for fertility, both in humans and other animals, is a major health and social welfare issue and this is reflected in these nine exciting manuscripts.

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on SRC Activity in Male Germ-line Stem Cells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Braydich-Stolle ◽  
Saber Hussain ◽  
John J. Schlager ◽  
Marie-Claude Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Male Germ Line

scholarly journals Drosophila melanogaster male germ line-specific transcripts with autosomal and Y-linked genes.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Russell ◽  
K Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Autosomal Locus ◽  
Functional Protein

Abstract We have identified of set of related transcripts expressed in the germ line of male Drosophila melanogaster. Surprisingly, while one of the corresponding genes is autosomal the remainder are located on the Y chromosome. The autosomal locus, at 77F on chromosome arm 3L, corresponds to the previously described transcription unit 18c, located in the first intron of the gene for an RI subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The Y chromosome copies have been mapped to region h18-h19 on the cytogenetic map of the Y outside of any of the regions required for male fertility. In contrast to D. melanogaster, where Y-linked copies were found in nine different wild-type strains, no Y-linked copies were found in sibling species. Several apparently Y-derived cDNA clones and one Y-linked genomic clone have been sequenced. The Y-derived genomic DNA shares the same intron/exon structure as the autosomal copy as well as related flanking sequences suggesting that it transposed to the Y from the autosomal locus. However, this particular Y-linked copy cannot encode a functional polypeptide due to a stop codon at amino acid position 72. Divergence among five different cDNA clones ranges from 1.5 to 6% and includes a large number of third position substitutions. We have not yet obtained a full-length cDNA from a Y-linked gene and therefore cannot conclude that the D. melanogaster Y chromosome contains functional protein-coding genes. The autosomal gene encodes a predicted polypeptide with 45% similarity to histones of the H5 class and more limited similarity to cysteine-rich protamines. This protein may be a distant relative of the histone H1 family perhaps involved in sperm chromatin condensation.

RADHA - a new male germ line-specific chromosomal protein of Drosophila

Chromosoma ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry R. Harhangi ◽  
Xiaoping Sun ◽  
Ya Xian Wang ◽  
Anna Akhmanova ◽  
Koos Miedema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Chromosomal Protein ◽  
Male Germ Line

scholarly journals Effects of freezing and activation on membrane quality and DNA damage in Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis spermatozoa

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morrow ◽  
J. Gosálvez ◽  
C. López-Fernández ◽  
F. Arroyo ◽  
W. V. Holt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Xenopus Tropicalis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Sperm Plasma Membrane

There is growing concern over the effect of sperm cryopreservation on DNA integrity and the subsequent development of offspring generated from this cryopreserved material. In the present study, membrane integrity and DNA stability of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis spermatozoa were evaluated in response to cryopreservation with or without activation, a process that happens upon exposure to water to spermatozoa of some aquatic species. A dye exclusion assay revealed that sperm plasma membrane integrity in both species decreased after freezing, more so for X. laevis than X. tropicalis spermatozoa. The sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test showed that for both X. tropicalis and X. laevis, activated frozen spermatozoa produced the highest levels of DNA fragmentation compared with all fresh samples and frozen non-activated samples (P < 0.05). Understanding the nature of DNA and membrane damage that occurs in cryopreserved spermatozoa from Xenopus species represents the first step in exploiting these powerful model organisms to understand the developmental consequences of fertilising with cryopreservation-damaged spermatozoa.

Differentiating the Male Germ Line

Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 310 (5749) ◽  
pp. 741.13-741
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Male Germ Line

scholarly journals Plant male germ line transformation

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Touraev ◽  
E. Stoger ◽  
V. Voronin ◽  
E. Heberle-Bors
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Male Germ Line ◽  
Germ Line Transformation
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