scholarly journals The Mean Staple Length of Wool Fibre Is Associated with Variation in the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-2 Gene

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Shaobin Li ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Hua Gong ◽  
Fangfang Zhao ◽  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Staple Length

Wool and hair fibres consist of a variety of proteins, including the keratin-associated proteins (KAPs). In this study, a putative ovine homologue of the human KAP21-2 gene (KRTAP21-2) was identified. It was located on chromosome 1 as a 201-bp open reading frame (ORF) in the ovine genome assembly from a Texel sheep (v.4 NC_019458.2: nt122932727 to 122932927). A polymerase chain reaction- single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of this ORF, and subsequent DNA sequencing, identified five sequences (named A-E). The putative amino acid sequences that would be produced, shared some identity with each other and with other KAPs, but they were most similar to ovine KAP21-1, and phylogenetically related to human KAP21-2. The location of the ovine KRTAP21-2 sequence was consistent with the location of human KRTAP21-2, and this suggests they represent different variant forms of ovine KRTAP21-2. Variation in this gene was investigated in 389 Merino (sire) × Southdown-cross (ewe) lambs. These were derived from four independent sire-lines. The sequence variation was found to be associated with variation in five wool traits: including mean staple length (MSL), mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre diameter standard deviation (FDSD), prickle factor (PF), and greasy fleece weight (GFW). The most persistent effect of KRTAP21-2 variation was with variation in MSL; with the MSL of sheep of genotype AC being 12.5% greater than those of genotype CE. A similar effect was observed from individual variant absence/presence models. This suggests that KRTAP21-2 should be further investigated as a possible gene-marker for improving MSL.

scholarly journals Lingrong Bai 1,†, Jing Wang 2,†, Huitong Zhou 3, Hua Gong 3, Jinzhong Tao 1,* and Jon G. H. Hickford 3,*

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingrong Bai ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Hua Gong ◽  
Jinzhong Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Associated Proteins

Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a diverse group of proteins and form a matrix that cross-links keratin intermediate filaments in hair and wool fibres. From over 100 KAP genes (KRTAPs) identified in mammalian species, KRTAP25-1 is a high sulphur (HS)-KAP gene, which has recently been described in humans. Here, we report the absence of KRTAP25-1 in sheep, and describe a new HS-KRTAP (named KRTAP28-1) in the chromosome region where KRTAP25-1 was expected to be found. Six variants (A−F) of KRTAP28-1 containing eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a TG repeat polymorphism were detected. One was positioned 30 bp upstream of the transcription start codon and all the others were non-synonymous SNPs, including a nonsense SNP. The TG repeat polymorphism would lead to a reading frame shift at the carboxyl-terminal end. The effect of KRTAP28-1 on wool traits was investigated with 383 Southdown × Merino-cross lambs from seven sire lines. Of the four genotypes with a frequency of over 5%, lambs of genotypes AB and BD produced wool of a smaller MFD than lambs of genotype BC. This shows that KRTAP28-1 is associated with wool fibre diameter, and that variation in this gene might have potential for use as a gene marker for reducing wool fibre diameter.

scholarly journals Identification of Caprine KRTAP28-1 and Its Effect on Cashmere Fiber Diameter

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Jon G. H. Hickford ◽  
Mengli Zhao ◽  
Hua Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Cashmere Goats

The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are constituents of cashmere fibers and variation in many KAP genes (KRTAPs) has been found to be associated with fiber traits. The gene encoding the high-sulphur KAP28-1 has been described in sheep, but it has not been identified in the goat genome. In this study, a 255-bp open reading frame on goat chromosome 1 was identified using a search of similar sequence to ovine KRTAP28-1, and that would if transcribed and translated encode a high sulphur KAP. Based on the analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplicons for the goat nucleotide sequences in 385 Longdong cashmere goats in China, five unique banding patterns were detected using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. These represented five DNA sequences (named variants A to E) and they had the highest resemblance to KRTAP28-1 sequences from sheep, suggesting A–E are variants of caprine KRTAP28-1. DNA sequencing revealed a 2 or 4-bp deletion and eleven nucleotide sequence differences, including four non-synonymous substitutions. Of the four common variants (A, B, C and D) found in these goats, the presence of variant A was associated with decreased mean fiber diameter and this effect appeared to be additive. These results indicate that caprine KRTAP28-1 variation might have value as a molecular marker for reducing cashmere mean fiber diameter.

Short Communication: A highly polymorphic caprine keratin-associated protein gene identified and its effect on cashmere traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobin Li ◽  
Qiming Xi ◽  
Fangfang Zhao ◽  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
Zhaohua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

Abstract Five keratin-associated protein 6 genes (KRTAP6) have been identified in sheep and variation in some KRTAP6 has been associated with wool fibre diameter-related traits, but none of these homologues has been identified in goats. In this study, we reported the identification of the sheep KRTAP6-5 homologue on goat chromosome 1 and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis in 300 Longdong cashmere goats revealed the existence of twelve variant sequences. Both coding region and 3’UTR of the putative caprine KRTAP6-5 displayed a biggest sequence similarity to ovine KRTAP6-5 gene. This suggested that the gene represents caprine KRTAP6-5 sequences, and these sequences composed twenty three genotypes which was the most polymorphism gene in KRTAPs that have been studied. Among these sequences, fifteen nucleotide substitutions and a 24-bp insertion/detection were identified. Variation in goat KRTAP6-5 was associated with variation in mean fibre diameter, suggesting that KRTAP6-5 is worthy of further study in the context of variation in cashmere traits.

Assessing Wiltshire Horn-Merino crosses. 1. Wool shedding, blowfly strike and wool production traits

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Rathie ◽  
ML Tierney ◽  
JC Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Head Neck

Wiltshire Horn-Merino (WH-M) crosses of 1/2, 5/8 and 3/4 Merino content were compared over 10 years for wool shedding, blowfly strike frequency and wool production traits. Merinos and 1/2 Merino WH-M were compared over 4 years. For wool production traits, 1/2 and 5/8 Merino WH-M ewes were compared to Border Leicester-Merino (BL-M) ewes over 2 years. Shedding increased with age for all WH-M genotypes, with 3/4 Merinos showing less shedding than 1/2 Merinos at all ages. At 1 and 2 years of age, 5/8 Merinos were intermediate between the other 2 WH-M genotypes, but at later ages they were similar to 1/2 Merinos. All genotypes showed less shedding at the belly site than the head, neck and breech as lambs, but not at older ages. Phenotypic correlations between sites on the same sheep were high, averaging 0.85. Repeatability estimates for each site ranged from 0.26 to 0.45. Shedding increased most with age in the 1/2 Merinos, and least in the 3/4 Merinos. Little or no shoulder and back wool was shed by most sheep. All 1/2 and 5/8 Merinos and most 3/4 Merinos had bare legs and points. Blowfly strike incidence was far higher in Merinos than 1/2 Merinos, in all years. Among WH-M, blowfly strike incidence increased as Merino content increased, in all years. All WH-M were far inferior to both Merinos and BL-M in total greasy wool weight and all its components, and also in clean fleece weight, with their level of inferiority increasing as their Merino content declined. Wool fibre diameter for all WH-M was coarser than for Merinos, but was a little finer than for BL-M. Fibre diameter increased in the WH-M as their Merino content declined. All WH-M had lower wool yields than the Merinos or BL-M. In some years the 314 Merinos had lower wool yields than the 1/2 and 5/8 Merinos, which were similar in all years. Shedding caused numerous genotype x age interactions in wool weight and its components, as Merinos and BL-M did not shed, and with the WH-M shedding increased most with age in the 1/2 Merinos, and least in the 3/4 Merinos. Due to preferential shedding from the belly and other low-value areas, the WH-M inferiority in total wool weight was less severe for fleece weight. Winter shearing succeeded in harvesting some wool from WH-M that would be shed before a summer shearing, but not enough to alter rankings among genotypes. All WH-M genotypes have wool too coarse, and not enough of it, to compete as a wool sheep with the Merino at current wool prices under usual Australian pastoral conditions. In areas where mustering is difficult or blowfly strike unusually severe, WH-M genotypes may find a niche.

Effect of stocking rate on fleece measurements and their relationships in merino sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH White ◽  
BJ McConchie
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Rate Experiment ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
One Year ◽  
Staple Length

The wool characteristics of Merino wethers were measured for 6 years in a stocking rate experiment. The decline in fleece weight due to increasing stocking rate from 4.9 to 12.4 sheep per hectare was usually accompanied by a reduction in fibre diameter and staple length and an increase in staple crimp frequency. The magnitude of these responses differed considerably between years; in one year clean fleece weight was reduced by 50%, with an associated reduction of 5 µm in mean fibre diameter and one of 2 cm in staple length. In four of the six years of the experiment, variation in fibre diameter accounted for at least 50% of the variation in wool production between stocking rate treatments. The relationships between clean fleece weight and fibre diameter were similar between years, mean fibre diameter being reduced by about 1.8 �m for each kilogram reduction in clean fleece weight. Fibre diameter is the major determinant of wool price, and this information should improve the prediction of economic responses to changes in stocking rate.

A note on the effect of the F gene on wool production and live weight of Booroola × South Australian Merino rams

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Ponzoni ◽  
M. R. Fleet ◽  
J. R. W. Walkley ◽  
S. K. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Australian Merino ◽  
Staple Length

ABSTRACTThe effect of the high fecundity Booroola Merino gene (F) on wool production and live weight of Booroola x South Australian Merino rams classified as being offspring of FF, F+ or ++ Booroola sires was investigated. The characters studied were: greasy fleece weight in lambs, hogget (approx. 15 months old) greasy fleece weight and the associated scouring yield, clean fleece weight, fibre diameter, staple length and wool style; birth weight and live weight gains from birth to weaning in September (3 months of age), from September to the following March, and from March to September. There were no significant differences among sire genotypes in the characters studied. The results suggest that the F gene had no undesirable pleiotropic effects on wool and live-weight traits.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for wool traits in Finnsheep lambs

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-L. PUNTILA ◽  
K. MÄKI ◽  
A. NYLANDER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Component Estimation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Staple Length

Genetic parameters were estimated for wool characteristics of white and coloured Finnsheep. The data consisted of 5 309 lambs from ordinary production flocks, the Finnsheep nucleus flock and a breeding flock. The variance component estimation was done applying REML analyses. Wool traits included fleece uniformity, density, staple formation, lustre, crimp frequency, fineness grade and staple length. There was a smaller dataset that contained also lamb live weight, greasy fleece weight and additional fleece characteristics including fibre diameter measured with the OFDA method. The variance components for direct and maternal effects were estimated using bivariate analysis for 42-day, 120-day weight and greasy fleece weight. Heritability for visually assessed wool characteristics varied from 0.23 to 0.43 and for measured traits from 0.45 to 0.62. Staple length had a high negative genetic correlation with crimp frequency and fineness grade. Heritability of greasy fleece weight was high (0.55) and that of fibre diameter 0.62. The genetic correlation between crimp frequency and fibre diameter was negative (- 0.56). The results imply that the assessed traits are useful indicators for fleece quality and those of major importance can be introduced into the breeding programme. The results suggest that there is no antagonism in selection for both growth capacity and wool quantity.;

scholarly journals Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 2-1 Gene and Its Sequence Variation in Four Chinese Sheep Breeds

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Jianqing Wang ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Jon G. H. Hickford ◽  
Yuzhu Luo ◽  
Hua Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Search Tool

Keratin-associated proteins are important components of wool fibers. The gene encoding the high-sulfur keratin-associated protein 2-1 has been described in humans, but it has not been described in sheep. A basic local alignment search tool nucleotide search of the Ovine Genome Assembly version 4.0 using a human keratin-associated protein 2-1 gene sequence revealed a 399-base pair open reading frame, which was clustered among nine previously identified keratin-associated protein genes on chromosome 11. Polymerase chain reaction–single strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed four different banding patterns, with these representing four different sequences (A–D) in Chinese sheep breeds. These sequences had the highest similarity to human keratin-associated protein 2-1 gene, suggesting that they represent variants of ovine keratin-associated protein 2-1 gene. Nine single nucleotide variations were detected in the gene, including one non-synonymous nucleotide substitution. Differences in variant frequencies between fine-wool sheep breeds and coarse-wool sheep breeds were detected. The gene was found to be expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression level in skin, and moderate expression levels in heart and lung tissue. These results reveal that the ovine keratin-associated protein 2-1 gene is variable and suggest the gene might affect variation in mean fiber diameter.

Effects of inbreeding on four families of Peppin Merinos. II. The influence of inbreeding on age trends

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Doney
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Staple Length

The effect of inbreeding on age trends in lambing performance and fleece characters is discussed. Inbred ewes take longer to reach their peak reproductive performance (5 years as against 4 pears for non-inbred ewes) and maximum fleece weight (4–5 years against 3–4 years). For fleece components, age trends and differences between inbred and non-inbred sheep do not appear to be large. In this material, differences between normal and inbred sheep exist only in characters which normally show big changes with increasing age. Dry ewes, in both groups, grow more wool than those rearing a lamb. This appears to be mainly due to the greater staple length in dry ewes. Differences in fibre diameter may be present, but would be masked by the flock sampling procedure.

The relationship of lamb birthcoat to adult fleece structure in a strain of Merino sheep

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Schinckel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Gene System ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Staple Length

Variability of the lamb birthcoat has been studied in relation to adult fleece characteristics. Coarse birthcoats were associated with increased variability of fibre diameter and decreased crimp rate. The increased variability of fibre diameter resulted from a significant increase in the diameter of primary fibres and a small, but statistically non-significant, decrease in the diameter of secondary fibres. There was no relation between birthcoat grade and body weight, clean fleece weight, yield, staple length, follicle density, follicle ratio, mean fibre diameter, or skin folds. It is postulated that there is a gene system in the Merino the effect of which is to cause variation in the amount of wool produced by the different follicle types. Increased "dosage" of genes of the system endows primary follicles with increased productivity and secondary follicles with decreased productivity. This is expressed in the form of increased halo-hair abundance in the lamb and increased differences between the diameters of primary and secondary fibres in the adult.

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