scholarly journals SWEET Transporters for the Nourishment of Embryonic Tissues during Maize Germination

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
López-Coria ◽  
Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Martínez-Marcelo ◽  
Aguilera-Alvarado ◽  
Flores-Barrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Embryo Axis ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Sweet Protein ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In maize seed germination, the endosperm and the scutellum nourish the embryo axis. Here, we examined the mRNA relative amount of the SWEET protein family, which could be involved in sugar transport during germination since high [14-C]-glucose and mainly [14-C]-sucrose diffusional uptake were found in embryo tissues. We identified high levels of transcripts for SWEETs in the three phases of the germination process: ZmSWEET4c, ZmSWEET6b, ZmSWEET11, ZmSWEET13a, ZmSWEET13b, ZmSWEET14b and ZmSWEET15a, except at 0 h of imbibition where the abundance of each ZmSWEET was low. Despite the major sucrose (Suc) biosynthesis capacity of the scutellum and the high level of transcripts of the Suc symporter SUT1, Suc was not found to be accumulated; furthermore, in the embryo axis, Suc did not decrease but hexoses increased, suggesting an efficient Suc efflux from the scutellum to nourish the embryo axis. The influx of Glc into the scutellum could be mediated by SWEET4c to take up the large amount of transported sugars due to the late hydrolysis of starch. In addition, sugars regulated the mRNA amount of SWEETs at the embryo axis. These results suggest an important role for SWEETs in transporting Suc and hexoses between the scutellum and the embryo axis, and differences in SWEET transcripts between both tissues might occur because of the different sugar requirements and metabolism.

scholarly journals DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E A GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Ivanildo Guilherme Henrique ◽  
Rafael Orlandini Bosqueiro ◽  
Rafael Massaru Kotsubo ◽  
Silvia de Carvalho Campos Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Influence Of Water

Considerando a importância da água no processo de germinação de sementes, as condições adversas de umidade afetam diretamente o processo germinativo. Para tanto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência do deficit hídrico na germinação e vigor de sementes de dois genótipos comerciais de milho, induzido por diferentes potenciais osmóticos. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados (DIC), arranjado em esquema fatorial duplo 2x5, com quatro repetições, avaliando híbridos de milho (DKB255PRO3 e DKB390PRO2), submetidos a germinação sob condições de déficit hídrico, em cinco níveis de potencial osmótico (0, -0,6, -1,2, -1,8 e -2,4 MPa). Cada unidade experimental constituiu-se por um rolo de papel germitest contendo 50 sementes. Utilizou-se NaCl como agente osmótico indutor de deficiência hídrica as sementes. Avaliou-se a germinação, vigor de sementes e o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas, em termos de comprimento e biomassa. O déficit hídrico, simulado com solução de cloreto de sódio, provoca redução no desempenho de sementes de híbridos de milho. Os genótipos de milho respondem diferentemente quanto a tolerância a condições de estresse provocado por indisponibilidade de água durante a germinação. O híbrido DKB390PRO2 apresenta germinação e crescimento de plântulas superior quando submetido a diferentes níveis de potencial osmótico de NaCl. Palavras-chave: viabilidade de sementes; restrição hídrica; Zea mays.   Effect of water deficit on the maize seed germination   ABSTRACT: Considering the importance of water in the seed germination process and knowing that conditions will not always be the most adequate to the germination process, the objective was to evaluate the influence of water deficit on germination and vigor in seeds of different commercial corn genotypes induced by different osmotic potentials. A completely randomized experimental design (D.I.C) was used, arranged in a 2x5 double factorial scheme, with four replications. Each experimental unit was constituted by a roll containing 50 seeds, made in germitest paper. Two maize seed hybrids (DKB255PRO3 and DKB390PRO2) were evaluated, submitted to germination under water deficit conditions, with levels 0; -0,6. -1,2; -1,8 and -2,4 MPa of osmotic potential. NaCl was used as osmotic agent inducing water deficiency in seeds. Germination, seed vigor and initial seedling development were evaluated in terms of length and biomass. The water deficit simulated with sodium chloride solution, causes a reduction in the performance of maize hybrids seeds. Corn genotypes respond differently to tolerance to stress conditions caused by unavailability of water during germination. The hybrid DKB390PRO2 presents superior germination and seedling growth when submitted to different levels of osmotic NaCl potential. Keywords: viability; water restriction; Zea mays.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Berbagai Bagian Dari Tanaman Swietenia mahagoni Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Kacang Hijau Dan Jagung

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stela Wusono ◽  
John M Matinahoru ◽  
CMA Watimena
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Swietenia mahagoni is a timber forestry plants have allelopathy toxic, can interfere with the growth of surrounding plants. This study aimed to determine the effects of extracts from various parts of Swietenia mahagoni on seed germination of green beans and corn. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Silviculture, an extract from a litter, fresh leaves, bark and roots of the Swietenia mahagoni plant and given to the seed germination green beans and corn. The results showed that the extract of fresh leaves and roots Swietenia mahagoni inhibit seed germination green beans and corn, while the provision of litter no effect. Green bean seed has a higher durability of the maize seed to allelopathy of root Swietenia mahagoni.

Hydrochar obtained with by-products from the sugarcane industry: Molecular features and effects of extracts on maize seed germination

2021 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 111878
Author(s):  
Lucas Raimundo Bento ◽  
Riccardo Spaccini ◽  
Silvana Cangemi ◽  
Pierluigi Mazzei ◽  
Bianca Borge de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

Photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism modulate the low-temperature resistance of seed germination in maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiju Meng ◽  
Daxing Wen ◽  
Chunqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature Resistance

Spring maize is usually subjected to low-temperature stress during seed germination, which retards seedling growth even if under a suitable temperature. However, the mechanism underlying maize seed germination under low-temperature stress modulating seedling growth after being transferred to normal temperature is still ambiguous. In this study, we used two maize inbred lines with different low-temperature resistance (SM and RM) to investigate the mechanism. The results showed that the SM line had higher lipid peroxidation and lower total antioxidant capacity and germination percentage than the RM line under low-temperature stress, which indicated that the SM line was more vulnerable to low-temperature stress. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that seed germination under low-temperature stress caused down-regulation of photosynthesis related gene ontology (GO) terms in two lines. Moreover, the SM line displayed down-regulation of ribosome and superoxide dismutase (SOD) related genes, whereas genes involved in SOD and vitamin B6 were up-regulated in the RM line. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism related pathways played important roles in seed germination in response to low-temperature stress, and the photosynthetic system displayed a higher damage degree in the SM line. Both qRT-PCR and physiological characteristics experiments showed similar results with transcriptome data. Taken together, we propose a model for maize seed germination in response to low-temperature stress.

scholarly journals Can tortoises facilitate the germination of plants with dry fruits? A simulation of the effects of Chelonoidis carbonarius (Testudines: Testudinidae) on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-666
Author(s):  
João Fabrício Mota Rodrigues ◽  
Sâmia Paiva de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Acidic Condition ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Acidic Conditions

Abstract Ingestion of seeds by vertebrates may influence seed germination and dispersion. However the mechanisms responsible by these effects and the importance of turtles in these interactions are still poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate how Chelonoidis carbonarius influences the germination process of Leucaena leucocephala using an experiment conducted at the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, that simulates the passage of the seeds of this plant through the digestive tract of C. carbonarius: stomach acidic condition and seeds sown in feces. We demonstrated that sowing the seeds in feces of Chelonoidis carbonarius has a negative effect on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala, decreasing the germination speed index of the seeds, while the acidic conditions have a neutral one. This study is a first attempt to understand how turtles and tortoises may influence the seed germination, and the implications of these findings in natural environments deserve further investigations.

ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS OF MUNITIONS-GRADE NITROCELLULOSE

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Alleman ◽  
Byung J. Kim ◽  
David M. Quivey ◽  
Lucina O. Equihua
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Explosive Materials ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Lower Contact

Cellulose nitrate compounds constitute an important industrial feedstock, with applications ranging from fingernail polish to photographic films to explosives. Indeed, the latter use has strategic implications associated with the production of military munitions. However, the particularly high level of cellulose nitration required for these explosive materials creates a significant environmental problem with respect to the necessary degradation of waste ‘fines’ inevitably discharged from their manufacturing operations. Rather ironically, these waste solids have proven to be remarkably stable, leading to a traditional reliance upon a primitive treatment approach (i.e., open-field incineration) which is neither safe nor environmentally acceptable. This paper, therefore, describes an alternative chemical degradation procedure based on alkaline hydrolysis. Primarily using sodium hydroxide at low percent dosage levels, this research effort has successfully achieved significant levels of denitration and apparent breakdown of the backbone cellulose structure. Furthermore, as compared with prior research on thi s topic, these results were achieved at markedly lower contact times and temperatures. However, two uncertainties still remain regarding this process, involving both the fate of a significant fraction of the original nitrogen and the apparently lingering recalcitrant nature of the post-degradation organics. In both cases, ongoing investigations have been instituted to resolve these issues.

scholarly journals Activation of rape (Brassica napus L.) embryo during seed germination. V. The first zones of ultrastructural changes and their expansion

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Karaś
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Embryo Axis ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Basal Zone

In the germinating rape embryo the columella and basal part of hypocotyl undergo earliest activation. Its first ultrastructural symptom is the appearance of numerous ER vesicles after 3-6 h of seed swelling. Their number is the highest in the external layers of the columella and decreases in basipetal direction. Dermatogen cells in the basal zone of the hypocotyl contain the greatest amount of ER structures, whereas decreasing amounts are found in both directions along the embryo axis and centripetally. Further changes in the ER spread in a similar order. The vesicles merge and form a tubular and plate-like ER. Then, they disappear and are replaced by tubular and vesicular forms. The changes in the ER are gradually followed by ultrastructural symptoms of activation of mitochondria, plastids and dictyosomes. The highest number of ER structures and other organelles accumulate in root cells shortly before piercing of the seed coat. After germination their amount decreases and remains almost stable.

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