scholarly journals Protein Changes in Response to Lead Stress of Lead-Tolerant and Lead-Sensitive Industrial Hemp Using SWATH Technology

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xia ◽  
Li Hong ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xu Yanping ◽  
Huang Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Unfolded Proteins ◽  
Pb Stress ◽  
Theoretical Mass ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Atp Metabolism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Gene Information

Hemp is a Pb-tolerant and Pb-accumulating plant and the study of its tolerance mechanisms could facilitate the breeding of hemp with enhanced Pb tolerance and accumulation. In the present study, we took advantage of sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) technology to study the difference in proteomics between the leaves of Pb-tolerant seed-type hemp variety Bamahuoma (BM) and the Pb-sensitive fiber-type hemp variety Yunma 1 (Y1) under Pb stress (3 g/kg soil). A total of 63 and 372 proteins differentially expressed under Pb stress relative to control conditions were identified with liquid chromatography electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in BM and Y1, respectively; with each of these proteins being classified into 14 categories. Hemp adapted to Pb stress by: accelerating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism; enhancing respiration, light absorption and light energy transfer; promoting assimilation of intercellular nitrogen (N) and carbon (C); eliminating reactive oxygen species; regulating stomatal development and closure; improving exchange of water and CO2 in leaves; promoting intercellular transport; preventing aggregation of unfolded proteins; degrading misfolded proteins; and increasing the transmembrane transport of ATP in chloroplasts. Our results provide an important reference protein and gene information for future molecular studies into the resistance and accumulation of Pb in hemp.

scholarly journals Protein changes in response to lead stress of lead-tolerant and lead-sensitive industrial hemp using SWATH technology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xia ◽  
Li Hong ◽  
Su Yuan ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Du Guang Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Unfolded Proteins ◽  
Pb Stress ◽  
Theoretical Mass ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Atp Metabolism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Gene Information

Hemp is a Pb-tolerant and Pb-accumulating plant, and the study of its tolerance mechanisms could facilitate the breeding of hemp with enhanced Pb tolerance and accumulation. In the present study, we took advantage of SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra) technology to study the difference in proteomics between the Pb-tolerant seed-type hemp variety Bamahuoma (BM) and the Pb-sensitive fiber-type hemp variety Yunma 1(Y1) under Pb stress (3g/kg soil). A total of 63 and 372 proteins differentially expressed under Pb stress relative to control conditions were identified with liquid chromatography electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in BM and Y1, respectively; with each of these proteins being classified into 14 categories. Hemp adapted to Pb stress through accelerating ATP metabolism; enhancing respiration, light absorption and light energy transfer; promoting assimilation of intercellular nitrogen (N) and carbon (C); eliminating reactive oxygen species; regulating stomatal development and closure; improving exchange of water and CO2 in leaves; promoting intercellular transport; preventing aggregation of unfolded proteins; degrading misfolded proteins; and increasing the transmembrane transport of ATP in chloroplasts. Our results provide important reference protein and gene information for future molecular studies into the resistance and accumulation of Pb in hemp.

scholarly journals Protein changes in response to lead stress of lead-tolerant and lead-sensitive industrial hemp using SWATH technology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xia ◽  
Li Hong ◽  
Su Yuan ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Du Guang Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Unfolded Proteins ◽  
Pb Stress ◽  
Theoretical Mass ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Atp Metabolism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Gene Information

Hemp is a Pb-tolerant and Pb-accumulating plant, and the study of its tolerance mechanisms could facilitate the breeding of hemp with enhanced Pb tolerance and accumulation. In the present study, we took advantage of SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra) technology to study the difference in proteomics between the Pb-tolerant seed-type hemp variety Bamahuoma (BM) and the Pb-sensitive fiber-type hemp variety Yunma 1(Y1) under Pb stress (3g/kg soil). A total of 63 and 372 proteins differentially expressed under Pb stress relative to control conditions were identified with liquid chromatography electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in BM and Y1, respectively; with each of these proteins being classified into 14 categories. Hemp adapted to Pb stress through accelerating ATP metabolism; enhancing respiration, light absorption and light energy transfer; promoting assimilation of intercellular nitrogen (N) and carbon (C); eliminating reactive oxygen species; regulating stomatal development and closure; improving exchange of water and CO2 in leaves; promoting intercellular transport; preventing aggregation of unfolded proteins; degrading misfolded proteins; and increasing the transmembrane transport of ATP in chloroplasts. Our results provide important reference protein and gene information for future molecular studies into the resistance and accumulation of Pb in hemp.

Adrenalectomy eliminates both fiber-type differences and starvation effects on denervated muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. E850-E856 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Almon ◽  
D. C. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Denervated Muscle ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Starvation Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Denervated Muscles

This report describes changes in muscle mass of innervated and denervated pairs of muscles taken from intact and adrenalectomized 250-g male Sprague-Dawley rats provided with different diets. Diets ranged from a nutritionally complete liquid diet to starvation (water only). In the intact animals, muscles with a more tonic character (soleus) are less sensitive to starvation than are muscles with a more phasic character (extensor digitorum longus), whereas the opposite is true of denervation. In the intact animals, starvation greatly increased the amount of atrophy following denervation. In the adrenalectomized animals, starvation had no effect on the amounts of atrophy following denervation. Furthermore, adrenalectomy virtually eliminated the fiber-type differences in the amount of atrophy following denervation. In addition, a comparison between denervated muscles from intact animals and adrenalectomized animals subjected to starvation demonstrates that all denervated muscles from the adrenalectomized animals atrophy less. Finally, it was observed that although an adrenalectomized animal can tolerate 6 days of starvation, an adrenalectomized-castrated animal cannot tolerate even short periods of starvation. The difference appears to be due to low amounts of corticosterone of testicular origin.

scholarly journals Highly Predictive Genetic Markers Distinguish Drug-Type from Fiber-Type Cannabis sativa L

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelia Cascini ◽  
Alessio Farcomeni ◽  
Daniele Migliorini ◽  
Laura Baldassarri ◽  
Ilaria Boschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Drug Type ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Genetic markers can be used in seeds and in plants to distinguish drug-type from fiber-type Cannabis Sativa L. varieties even at early stages, including pre-germination when cannabinoids are not accumulated yet. With this aim, this paper reports sequencing results for tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS) and cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS) genes from 21 C. sativa L. varieties. Taking into account that THCAS- and CBDAS-derived enzymes compete for the same substrate, the novelty of this work relies in the identification of markers based on both THCAS and CBDAS rather than THCAS alone. Notably, in our panel, we achieved an adequate degree of discrimination (AUC 100%) between drug-type and fiber-type cannabis samples. Our sequencing approach allowed identifying multiple genetic markers (single-nucleotide polymorphisms—SNPs—and a deletion/insertion) that effectively discriminate between the two subgroups of cannabis, namely fiber type vs. drug type. We identified four functional SNPs that are likely to induce decreased THCAS activity in the fiber-type cannabis plants. We also report the finding on a deletion in the CBDAS gene sequence that produces a truncated protein, possibly resulting in loss of function of the enzyme in the drug-type varieties. Chemical analyses for the actual concentration of cannabinoids confirmed the identification of drug-type rather than fiber-type genotypes. Genetic markers permit an early identification process for forensic applications while simplifying the procedures related to detection of therapeutic or industrial hemp.

Oxygen cost of twitch and tetanic isometric contractions of rat skeletal muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. E449-E456 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Hood ◽  
J. Gorski ◽  
R. L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Tetanic Contraction ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Whole Muscle

The distal muscles of a rat single hindlimb preparation, perfused at 14-15 ml/min, were stimulated sequentially for 10-min intervals at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 75, and 120 twitch/min (8 V, 0.05 ms) or at 7.5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 tetani/min (100-ms train, 100 Hz). Oxygen consumption (VO2) of the whole muscle increased up to 6- and 10-fold over rest during twitch and tetanic conditions, respectively. Tension development during each stimulation interval decreased sequentially at the higher contraction frequencies. VO2, corrected for this loss in tension development, increased linearly with contraction frequency with a slope of 0.037 +/- 0.003 mumol O2 X g-1 X twitch contraction-1 and 0.260 +/- 0.034 mumol O2 X g-1 X tetanic contraction-1. This sevenfold difference in slopes, which represent the O2 cost of a single contraction without fatigue, corresponds to the difference in developed tension between twitch and tetanic contractions. Anaerobic metabolism was negligible during tetanic contractions, but was significant during some twitch conditions. These values probably represent the O2 cost for fast-twitch muscle, since this is the predominant type (greater than 90%) in the rat hindlimb. However, an approximate fourfold difference in blood flow (determined with microspheres) between the white and red gastrocnemius sections (predominantly fast-twitch white and fast-twitch red, respectively) suggested a disparity in metabolic response. Estimates of the peak VO2 for each fiber type, for our perfusion conditions, are 6- and 30-fold above rest, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Capillary supply of the tibialis anterior muscle in young, healthy, and moderately active men and women

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1451-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Porter ◽  
S. Stuart ◽  
M. Boij ◽  
J. Lexell
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Tibialis anterior muscle biopsies from moderately active men and women (21–30 yr; n= 30) were examined to determine potential gender differences in capillarization. The fiber type proportions [type I (T1) ∼73%] were unaffected by gender. The men (M) had significantly ( P < 0.001) larger fibers than the women (W), with a greater gender effect for type II (T2) fibers ( P < 0.001). The M and W had similar capillary densities (CD ∼390 capillaries/mm2), but the capillaries-to-fiber ratio (C/F) was higher in the M (M = 2.20 ± 0.35, W = 1.66 ± 0.32; P < 0.01). Capillary contacts (CC) were higher in T2 than T1 for the M ( P < 0.01), but not W, and M had greater CC ( P < 0.001). Both fiber area per capillary (FA/C) and fiber perimeter per capillary (FP/C) indicated that T1 fibers had greater capillarization than T2 fibers ( P < 0.001). There were no gender differences in T1 FA/C and T2 FA/C or T1 FP/C, but a gender difference existed for T2 FP/C (M = 60.5 ± 10.9, W = 70.6 ± 13.4; P < 0.01). The gender difference for C/F could be explained by fiber size; however, the physiological implications of the difference in T2 FP/C remains to be determined. In conclusion, despite gender differences for fiber size, overall, capillarization was similar between the men and women.

scholarly journals Role of Fiber Finish in the Conversion of Fiber to Nonwovens Part 3: Finish Performance as a Mechanical Processing Aid in Needlepunching

2002 ◽  
Vol os-11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1558925002OS-01
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah M. Seyam ◽  
Thomas J. Proffitt ◽  
Murali Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
The Difference

This part of the study aims to investigate the role of fiber finish during processing on the needlepunching machine. Certain key response parameters like dynamic needling forces and needlepunched fabric properties are analyzed for any possible effect of finish level and its uniformity on these responses. The experiments were performed using polyester and polypropylene, two of the most commonly used fibers in needlepunched products, to investigate the difference response due to fiber type. While the results published in Part 2 of this study showed that finish uniformity fail to show any effect on carding processability, it was found to have a significant effect on needlepunching forces and needled fabric properties.

Myosin Heavy Chain Composition and Fiber Size of the Cricopharyngeus Muscle in Patients with Achalasia and Normal Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda V. Davis ◽  
Albert L. Merati ◽  
Safwan S. Jaradeh ◽  
Joel H. Blumin
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cricopharyngeus Muscle ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Type I Fibers

Objectives: Cricopharyngeal achalasia (CA) can be defined as inadequate opening of the cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) resulting in dysphagia. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform fiber type composition and size are key determinants of muscle function. These parameters have not been described in CA. It is hypothesized that there is a difference between the MHC isoform composition of the CPM in patients with the clinical diagnosis of CA and that in normal subjects. Methods: Patients who had received prior botulinum were excluded. The MHC fiber type composition and size in patients and cadaveric controls were determined by adenosine triphosphatase staining and image analysis. Results: The CPMs of 12 CA patients (6 male, 6 female; mean age, 61 years) and 5 control cadaveric subjects (3 male, 2 female; mean age, 67 years) were analyzed. There were relatively fewer type I fibers (67%) in patients with CA than in controls (81%), but the difference was not significant (p = 18). Type I fibers were slightly smaller in CA patients (38.7 μm) than in controls (47.2 μm), but this was not significantly different (p > 05). Of the 12 CA patients, 3 had type II predominance, a feature not seen in normal subjects. Conclusions: Patients with CA had relatively fewer type I fibers, although the difference was not statistically significant. The MHC isoform composition and fiber size were not different between CA patients and normal subjects. This is the first report to characterize the CPM in patients with CA.

Fiber-type composition of nine rat muscles. I. Changes during the first year of life

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. E823-E827 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
M. I. Delday ◽  
A. G. Baillie ◽  
D. A. Grubb ◽  
P. J. Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
First Year ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Few Data ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Fast Twitch

There are few data available that describe the changes in fiber-type profiles with age in a range of muscles; thus fiber-type profiles and areas were determined in nine muscles of female rats from weaning to 1 yr. The results not only demonstrated the difference in fiber-type composition, size, and hence functional area in the various muscles examined but also illustrated the changes in these parameters with age. In particular, it was clear that two ends of a spectrum of fiber compositions are represented in the muscles studied: tensor fasciae latae, mainly fast-twitch glycolytic at one end and soleus (and adductor longus), mainly slow-twitch oxidative at the other; the remaining muscles were mostly dominated by fast-twitch fibers of a variety of metabolic types. Aging resulted in an increase in fiber area that was most dramatic in fast-twitch glycolytic fibers. Changes in fiber type with age were noted in all muscles, but the exact nature of the developmental changes appeared muscle specific.

scholarly journals The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Farinon ◽  
Romina Molinari ◽  
Lara Costantini ◽  
Nicolò Merendino
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Fibre Industry ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Technical Fibre ◽  
Potential Use

Hempseeds, the edible fruits of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, were initially considered a by-product of the hemp technical fibre industry. Nowadays, following the restorationing of the cultivation of C. sativa L. plants containing an amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) <0.3% or 0.2% (industrial hemp) there is a growing interest for the hempseeds production due to their high nutritional value and functional features. The goal of this review is to examine the scientific literature concerning the nutritional and functional properties of hempseeds. Furthermore, we revised the scientific literature regarding the potential use of hempseeds and their derivatives as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and chronic-degenerative diseases on animal models and humans too. In the first part of the work, we provide information regarding the genetic, biochemical, and legislative aspects of this plant that are, in our opinion essential to understand the difference between “industrial” and “drug-type” hemp. In the final part of the review, the employment of hempseeds by the food industry as livestock feed supplement and as ingredient to enrich or fortify daily foods has also revised. Overall, this review intends to encourage further and comprehensive investigations about the adoption of hempseeds in the functional foods field.

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