scholarly journals Effect of Biodegradable Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Emulsifiers on the Oleogels Containing Sunflower Wax and Sunflower Oil

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Deepti Bharti ◽  
Doman Kim ◽  
Miguel Angelo Cerqueira ◽  
Biswaranjan Mohanty ◽  
SK Habibullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Gelation Kinetics ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Dsc Thermograms ◽  
Sunflower Wax

The use of an appropriate oleogelator in the structuring of vegetable oil is a crucial point of consideration. Sunflower wax (SFW) is used as an oleogelator and displays an excellent potential to bind vegetable oils. The current study aimed to look for the effects of hydrophobic (SPAN-80) and hydrophilic (TWEEN-80) emulsifiers on the oleogels prepared using SFW and sunflower oil (SO). The biodegradability and all formulations showed globular crystals on their surface that varied in size and number. Wax ester, being the most abundant component of SFW, was found to produce fibrous and needle-like entanglements capable of binding more than 99% of SO. The formulations containing 3 mg of liquid emulsifiers in 20 g of oleogels showed better mechanical properties such as spreadability and lower firmness than the other tested concentrations. Although the FTIR spectra of all the formulations were similar, which indicated not much variation in the molecular interactions, XRD diffractograms confirmed the presence of β′ form of fat crystals. Further, the mentioned formulations also showed larger average crystallite sizes, which was supported by slow gelation kinetics. A characteristic melting point (Tm~60 °C) of triglyceride was visualized through DSC thermograms. However, a higher melting point in the case of few formulations suggests the possibility of even a stable β polymorph. The formed oleogels indicated the significant contribution of diffusion for curcumin release. Altogether, the use of SFW and SO oleogels with modified properties using biodegradable emulsifiers can be beneficial in replacing saturated fats and fat-derived products.

scholarly journals Rhamnolipid and lipase production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa san-ai: the process comparison analysis by statistical approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Jakovetic ◽  
Zorica Knezevic-Jugovic ◽  
Sanja Grbavcic ◽  
Dejan Bezbradica ◽  
Natasa Avramovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Process Comparison ◽  
Central Composite Experimental Design ◽  
Oil Concentration

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was repeatedly reported as powerful producer of rhamnolipid biosurfactants as well as producer of hydrolytic enzymes. In this study effects of four fermentation factors were evaluated using response surface methodology and experiments were performed in accordance with a four-factor and five-level central composite experimental design. Investigated factors were: fermentation temperature, time of fermentation, concentration of sunflower oil and concentration of Tween? 80. The most important finding was that regression coefficients of the highest values were those that describe interactions between factors and that they differ for lipase and rhamnolipid production, which were both investigated in this study. Production of both metabolites was optimized and response equations were obtained, making it possible to predict rhamnolipid concentration or lipase activity from known values of the four factors. The highest achieved rhamnolipid concentration and lipase activity were 138 mg dm-3 (sunflower oil concentration 0.8 %, Tween? 80 concentration 0.05 %, temperature 30?C, and fermentation time 72 h) and 11111 IU dm-3(sunflower concentration of 0.4 %, Tween? 80 concentration of 0.05 %, temperature of 30?C, and fermentation time of 120 h), respectively.

New Aspects on Melting and Annealing Behaviour of Polymers

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1472-1483
Author(s):  
J. Haase ◽  
S. Köhler ◽  
R. Hosemann
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Partial Melting ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Diffusion ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Dta Curves ◽  
Dta Curve

Abstract Poly( 1-butene) (PB) crystallizes from the melt in a metastable modification II (mod. II) which slowly transforms into the stable modification I (mod. I). X-ray wide angle (WAXS) measurements show that in mod. I the size of the microparacrystallites (mPC’s) in chain direction, D̅012, the polydispersity gD of the size distribution in this direction, the lateral size D̅110 and the paracrystalline g110-value do not change upon annealing at temperatures up to the melting point. In mod. II, however, the sizes D̅012 and D̅110 increase with rising annealing temperature Tann. At a certain Tann and beyond a sufficient annealing time tann the size D̅012 shows a logarithmic increase with tann whereas D̅110 stays constant. Measuring melting points Tm of mod. I-samples, we found a linear relationship between Tm and 1/D̅012 according to the Thomson equation resulting in a melting point for an infinite crystal of Tm∞ (mod. I) = 139 °C and a mean surface free energy of σ̅e′̅ (mod. I) = 47 ergs/cm2. T m versus 1/D̅012 for mod. II is linear only for high D̅012-values yielding Tm∞ (mod. II) = 130 °C and σ̅e′̅ (mod. II) = 29 ergs/cm2. However, a partially molten and afterwards quenched sample of mod. I with small mPC’s shows a mod. II-peak which fits the straight line extrapolated from the large D̅012-values. The DTA curves of mod. I-samples shift to higher temperatures and narrow after annealing although the crystallite sizes and size distributions remain as well as the paracrystalline distortions the same. X-ray and DTA measurements eliminate therefore surface premelting and selective melting of thinner and more distorted lamellae in mod. I. Upon annealing this modification, σ̅e′̅ decreases from 47 ergs/cm2 to 15 ergs/cm2 and the distribution of σe′ narrows. The latter determines predominantly the shape of the DTA curve. The Thomson equation therefore, applied to different samples links only the average crystallite size and the mean surface free energy with the melting point. In mod. I partial melting occurs independent of D̅012 and starts mainly at those mPC’s which have exposed surfaces with high σe′. At the beginning only single mPC’s or single lamellae melt, but no bundles of lamellae. The logarithmic increase of D̅012 in mod. II with tann can be explained according to Hosemann’s model of “lateral melting” also by a partial melting of mPC’s with unprotected lateral surfaces and by a consecutive solid state diffusion of their chainsegments into the two mPC’s adjacent in chain direction, increasing the averaged sizes of the long period and the lamellae thickness.

Photocatalytic Activity of Sol-Gel Derived Bi2O3-TiO2 Nanocomposite

2012 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Karunakaran ◽  
P. Magesan ◽  
P. Gomathisankar
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

Bi2O3-TiO2 nanocomposites were obtained by sol-gel method using tween 80 (T-80) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone-polyethylene glycol (PVP-PEG) as templating agent. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of both the composites reveal the crystal structure of Bi2O3 as primitive tetragonal and TiO2 is in anatase phase. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra provide the composition of Bi2O3 in Bi2O3-TiO2 (T-80) and Bi2O3-TiO2 (PVP-PEG) as 3.8 and 20.4 mol. %, respectively. The average crystallite sizes of Bi2O3-TiO2 (T-80) and Bi2O3-TiO2 (PVP-PEG), derived from XRD, are 9 and 17 nm, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images show the spherical shape of Bi2O3-TiO2 (T-80) and the composites are polycrystalline. The diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) of the composites display faint absorption of visible light and strong absorption in UV-A region. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of both the composites are similar and the observed near band gap emission (NBE) and deep level emission (DLE) agree with those of TiO2. The impedance spectra show that the charge-transfer resistances of the composites do not differ significantly. The visible light photoimpedance spectra display the photoconductance of Bi2O3-TiO2 (PVP-PEG) but not that of Bi2O3-TiO2 (T-80). Although the visible light-photocatalytic activities of the two nanocomposites to degrade dye do not differ significantly Bi2O3-TiO2 (T-80) under UV-A light degrades dyes faster than Bi2O3-TiO2 (PVP-PEG).

scholarly journals Green Synthesis Characterization and Thermotropic Behaviour of O-Linked Glycopyranosides of Phenolic Esters

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Saliha Nazir ◽  
Dure Najaf Iqbal ◽  
Hina Daud ◽  
Ambreen Ghani ◽  
Shagufta Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Smectic A ◽  
Phenolic Esters ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Dsc Thermograms

Focusing on green chemistry protocols, a series of carbohydrate derivatives (5a–l) have been synthesized by Fischer glycosylation of α-D-glucose, D-xylose, and α-maltose with several nonpolar phenolic ester aglycones (3a–d) derived from menthol by employing solid-supported Si-H+ as the catalyst. In order to study the extent of mesomorphism in target molecules, the thermotropic behaviour has been studied by using the thermoanalytic DSC/TGA technique and polarized optical microscope. Phase transitions in the DSC thermograms of 5a–l with two endothermic melting point peaks and various exothermic crystalline transitions exhibits the existence of mesophases. However, optical photomicrographs revealed that the new glycopyranosides formed smectic A phases. Moreover, all the compounds (3a–d and 5a–l) were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR.

scholarly journals The sunflower crop in Argentina: past, present and potential future

OCL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. D105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando D. Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Short Time ◽  
By Products

Sunflower was a crop of great importance in Argentina until 2002; it was ranked among the countries with the largest production, about 18% of the world total. Currently, it is in the fourth place, with only 7%. Several factors caused Argentina to lose its leadership, the most important being that farmers preferred the soybean crop because of its competitiveness pushing sunflower to areas where the former crop was not adapted. However, in 2016/2017 there was an increase in area and production of sunflower, probably associated with the reduction of state intervention in farmer's income because export duties were totally eliminated, while those for soybean remained high. International forecasts suggest that an increase in the demand for sunflower oil and by-products is expected. Argentinean farmers can make a significant contribution to meeting these needs. The whole sunflower chain of value, grouped in the association ASAGIR, makes continuous efforts to improve the sunflower product, by research programs and other activities which will render sunflower more attractive for farmer. It is likely that, in a short time, Argentina could regain its place on the podium of sunflower producing countries.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Sunflower Oil Nanoemulsion As a Sunscreen

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 3757-3761
Author(s):  
Anayanti Arianto ◽  
Cindy Cindy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification

BACKGROUND: There are a lot of different types of sunscreen products (oils, sticks, gels, creams, lotions) which can be found on the world's market. Sunscreen product that contains active chemical ingredients sometimes has harmful effects on the skin. Sunflower oil contains vitamin E and acts as a natural sunscreen which can absorb UVB light. The average droplet size of nanoemulsion is between 100 and 500 nm and do not show the problems of stability (creaming, flocculation, coalescence, and sedimentation), which are commonly associated with macroemulsions. AIM: The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the sunflower oil nanoemulsion as a sunscreen. METHODS: Sunflower oil nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method with 3 formulas F1 (Tween 80 38%, sorbitol 22%), F2 (Tween 80 36%, sorbitol 24%), F3 (Tween 80 34%, sorbitol 26%) and 5% sunflower oil as a sunscreen substance. The nanoemulsions were evaluated for particle size, physical stability in room temperature (25 ± 2°C), low temperature (4 ± 2°C) and high temperature (40 ± 2°C) during experiment for 12 weeks of storage, centrifugation at 3750 rpm for 5 hours, viscosity, pH, freeze-thaw test and sun protection value (SPF) value by in vitro. RESULTS: The results of nanoemulsion evaluation showed that nanoemulsion formula F1 had the smallest average particle size of 124.47 nm with yellowish colour, clear, transparent, pH value (6.5 ± 0.1), viscosity value (225 ± 25 cP), did not show any separation or creaming in the centrifugation, and stable during experiment for 12 weeks of storage at room temperature, low temperature and high temperature. The SPF value of all nanoemulsion preparations was higher than that of the emulsion. CONCLUSION: The preparation of the sunflower oil nanoemulsion with a ratio of Tween 80 and sorbitol (38: 22) produces a stable nanoemulsion during the experiment for 12 weeks storage at the room, low and high temperature. The nanoemulsion preparation has higher SPF values compared to the emulsion. This nanoemulsion formulation could be considered more effective in sunscreen cosmetic use compare to the emulsion.

scholarly journals Optimasi Formula Sediaan Krim Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Eva Husein ◽  
Agatha Budi Susiana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Simplex Lattice

Minyak biji bunga matahari (sunflower oil) banyak digunakan dalam krim pelembab untuk menjaga kehalusan dan kelembapan kulit. Penggunaan emulgator yang tepat dapat membantu terbentuknya sediaan krim yang stabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari komposisi optimum antara Tween 80 dan Span 80 yang menghasilkan sediaan krim dengan sifat fisik dan stabilitas fisik yang baik ditinjau dari viskositas, daya sebar, dan pergeseran viskositas setelah 30 hari. Kemampuan krim dalam mempertahankan kelembapan kulit diuji dengan metode Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Simplex Lattice Design 2 faktor 2 level. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari formula yang diuji, terdapat 3 formula yang memenuhi persyaratan untuk respon yang diuji, yaitu pada kombinasi Tween 80:Span 80 (6:4)%, (7;3)% dan (8:2)%. Viskositas yang diperoleh berada dalam kisaran 143,3-153,3 dPas, daya sebar antara 5,0-5,3 cm, dan pergeseran viskositas antara 4,3-6,8%. Uji TEWL dilakukan terhadap formula optimum yang diperoleh, dan penurunan TEWL yang diperoleh berkisar antara 17,9-38,0%. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sunflower oil dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim menggunakan kombinasi Tween 80 dan Span 80 pada konsentrasi (6:4)%, (7;3)% dan (8:2)% yang memenuhi persyaratan viskositas, daya sebar, dan pergeseran viskositas selama waktu penyimpanan 30 hari, dan terbukti mampu mempertahankan kelembapan kulit.

Effects of dietary unsaturated fat and of protein source on melting point and fatty acid composition of lamb fat

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibney ◽  
J. L. L'estrange
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Branched Chain

SUMMARYFour groups of six store lambs were offered ad libitum a concentrate barley-based diet, supplemented with either 8% casein or 2% urea, each contributing the same level of nitrogen to the diet and each fed with or without a supplement of 5·8% sunflower oil. Daily food intake was significantly affected by treatment but there was no significant treatment effect on live-weight gain or food conversion efficiency. In rumen fluid the casein supplement resulted in more total volatile fatty acids and a greater proportion of valeric acid, while the sunflower oil supplement significantly increased the proportion of propionic acid. Sunflower oil supplementation decreased the melting point of perinephric fat by about 3 °C, associated with an increase in the proportions of palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and a decrease in the proportions of palmitic and stearic acids. Sunflower oil resulted in a smaller and nonsignificant decrease in the melting point of subcutaneous fat which was associated with an increase in the proportions of linoleic and linolenic acid and a decrease in the proportion of palmitic acid. Melting point of both fats was not affected by source of dietary nitrogen supplementation but in subcutaneous fat the urea supplement resulted in a small increase in the proportion of oleic acid and a decrease in the proportions of palmitic and palmitoleic acids. The proportions of branched-chain and oddnumbered n-acids in both fats were not affected by treatment.

scholarly journals Transeterification of a Mixture of Vegetable Fats with the Addition of Phytosterols

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
D. S. Honcharov ◽  
N. A. Tkachenko ◽  
V. G. Nikolaieva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Sodium Methylate ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Oil Sunflower

Pure phytosterols that are sparingly soluble in oils were subjected to a transesterification reaction using the catalyst sodium methylate in a mixture of palm stearin: palm oil: sunflower oil. As a comparison, transesterification was performed under the same conditions without the addition of phytosterols. To determine the qualitative composition of the mixture transesterified with phytosterols, analyzes were performed on the fatty acid composition, sterol composition, and melting point. The resulting product differed from the control by the presence of a characteristic odor, sterol composition, melting point.

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