scholarly journals Electroactive Polymeric Composites to Mimic the Electromechanical Properties of Myocardium in Cardiac Tissue Repair

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Kaylee Meyers ◽  
Bruce P. Lee ◽  
Rupak M. Rajachar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Polymeric Composites ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery ◽  
And Function

Due to the limited regenerative capabilities of cardiomyocytes, incidents of myocardial infarction can cause permanent damage to native myocardium through the formation of acellular, non-conductive scar tissue during wound repair. The generation of scar tissue in the myocardium compromises the biomechanical and electrical properties of the heart which can lead to further cardiac problems including heart failure. Currently, patients suffering from cardiac failure due to scarring undergo transplantation but limited donor availability and complications (i.e., rejection or infectious pathogens) exclude many individuals from successful transplant. Polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds provide an alternative approach to restore normal myocardium structure and function after damage by acting as a provisional matrix to support cell attachment, infiltration and stem cell delivery. However, issues associated with mechanical property mismatch and the limited electrical conductivity of these constructs when compared to native myocardium reduces their clinical applicability. Therefore, composite polymeric scaffolds with conductive reinforcement components (i.e., metal, carbon, or conductive polymers) provide tunable mechanical and electroactive properties to mimic the structure and function of natural myocardium in force transmission and electrical stimulation. This review summarizes recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and implementation of electroactive polymeric composites to better match the biomechanical and electrical properties of myocardial tissue.

scholarly journals Calsequestrin Distribution, Structure and Function, Its Role in Normal and Pathological Situations and the Effect of Thyroid Hormones

2011 ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NOVÁK ◽  
T. SOUKUP
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
And Function

Calsequestrin is the main calcium binding protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, serving as an important regulator of Ca2+. In mammalian muscles, it exists as a skeletal isoform found in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles and a cardiac isoform expressed in the heart and slow-twitch muscles. Recently, many excellent reviews that summarised in great detail various aspects of the calsequestrin structure, localisation or function both in skeletal and cardiac muscle have appeared. The present review focuses on skeletal muscle: information on cardiac tissue is given, where differences between both tissues are functionally important. The article reviews the known multiple roles of calsequestrin including pathology in order to introduce this topic to the broader scientific community and to stimulate an interest in this protein. Newly we describe our results on the effect of thyroid hormones on skeletal and cardiac calsequestrin expression and discuss them in the context of available literary data on this topic.

Bioengineered Muscle Implants

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Bowlin ◽  
Barbara Wise ◽  
L. Terracio ◽  
D. G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
And Function

Abstract Fundamental research has defined many of the mechanistic events that mediate congenital malformations and the pathological disease processes that alter cardiac structure and function. Despite these efforts, there are a limited number of clinical treatment options available for many of these conditions. In many cases, even for disease processes that cause focal defects in the ventricular wall, the only viable treatment is the complete replacement of the damaged organ by transplant. Unfortunately, the supply of cardiac tissue that is available for transplant therapy remains chronically, and critically, short of demand. The reconstruction of a specific domain of dysfunctional ventricular tissue with a cell-based therapy is a potential avenue of treatment. One of the most direct strategies in this type of treatment regime is the injection of a suspension of fetal or neonatal cardiac myocytes into the injured domain. In small animal models, two limitations have become apparent with this strategy. First, differentiated myocytes do not undergo migration when they are injected into scar tissue and as a result they tend to remain concentrated in the vicinity of the injection site. Second, the myocytes that survive in the injection site are not well integrated into the healthy tissue and contract at rates that are independent of the surrounding myocardium. The long-term objective of this project is to circumvent the limitations of injection therapy by fabricating a cardiac muscle prosthesis that mimics the three dimensional architecture of the intact heart.

scholarly journals Micro- and nano-patterned conductive graphene–PEG hybrid scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (53) ◽  
pp. 7412-7415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec S. T. Smith ◽  
Hyok Yoo ◽  
Hyunjung Yi ◽  
Eun Hyun Ahn ◽  
Justin H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hybrid Scaffolds

Topographic and graphene-functionalized culture substrates were fabricated to regulate cardiac structure and function through manipulation of micro- and nano-scale mechanical and electroconductive cues.

scholarly journals Nanoscale cues regulate the structure and function of macroscopic cardiac tissue constructs

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-H. Kim ◽  
E. A. Lipke ◽  
P. Kim ◽  
R. Cheong ◽  
S. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
And Function

3D bioprinted and integrated platforms for cardiac tissue modeling and drug testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uijung Yong ◽  
Byeongmin Kang ◽  
Jinah Jang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Tissue Modeling ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Cardiac Models ◽  
And Function

Abstract Recent advances in biofabrication techniques, including 3D bioprinting, have allowed for the fabrication of cardiac models that are similar to the human heart in terms of their structure (e.g., volumetric scale and anatomy) and function (e.g., contractile and electrical properties). The importance of developing techniques for assessing the characteristics of 3D cardiac substitutes in real time without damaging their structures has also been emphasized. In particular, the heart has two primary mechanisms for transporting blood through the body: contractility and an electrical system based on intra and extracellular calcium ion exchange. This review introduces recent trends in 3D bioprinted cardiac tissues and the measurement of their structural, contractile, and electrical properties in real time. Cardiac models have also been regarded as alternatives to animal models as drug-testing platforms. Thus, perspectives on the convergence of 3D bioprinted cardiac tissues and their assessment for use in drug development are also presented.

Structure and function of channel-forming peptaibols

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. P. Sansom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Channel Proteins ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Transport Of Ions ◽  
And Function

Transport of ions through channels is fundamental to a number of physiological processes, especially the electrical properties of excitable cells (Hille, 1992). To understand this process at a molecular level requires atomic resolution structures of channel proteins.

scholarly journals Fractures of the Talus: Current Concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 247301141990076
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Schwartz ◽  
William O. Runge ◽  
Andrew R. Hsu ◽  
Jason T. Bariteau
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Bony Union ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Articular Cartilage Surface ◽  
Treatment Indications ◽  
And Function

Talus fractures continue to represent a challenging and commonly encountered group of injuries. Its near-complete articular cartilage surface, and its role in force transmission between the leg and foot, makes successful treatment of such injuries a mandatory prerequisite to regained function. Familiarity with the complex bony, vascular, and neurologic anatomy is crucial for understanding diagnostic findings, treatment indications, and surgical techniques to maximize the likelihood of anatomic bony union. This review details the structure and function of the talus, a proper diagnostic workup, the treatment algorithm, and post-treatment course in the management of talus fractures. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.

scholarly journals Pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissue patch with advanced structure and function

Biomaterials ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (35) ◽  
pp. 9180-9187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Liau ◽  
Nicolas Christoforou ◽  
Kam W. Leong ◽  
Nenad Bursac
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The Role of Proteoglycans in Hard and Soft Tissue Repair

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles N. Bertolami ◽  
Diana V. Messadi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Soft Tissue Repair ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
And Function

Healing of soft and hard tissues results from a progression of events initiated by injury and directed toward reestablishing normal structure and function. The ubiquity of proteoglycans in mammalian tissues virtually guarantees their involvement in tissue restitution. The dramatic advances in cellular and molecular biology in recent years have added significantly to understanding the specific roles played by proteoglycans in wound repair processes.

Integrated analysis of cardiac tissue structure and function for improved identification of reversible myocardial dysfunction

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Stempel ◽  
Harald Kühl ◽  
Jan Balzer ◽  
Niels Krämer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
And Function
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