scholarly journals Personal-Data Disclosure in a Field Experiment: Evidence on Explicit Prices, Political Attitudes, and Privacy Preferences

Games ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Plesch ◽  
Irenaeus Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Privacy Preferences

My Data, Your Data, Our Data: Managing Privacy Preferences in Multiple Subjects Personal Data

2014 ◽  
pp. 154-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Gnesi ◽  
Ilaria Matteucci ◽  
Corrado Moiso ◽  
Paolo Mori ◽  
Marinella Petrocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Privacy Preferences

scholarly journals Unpacking Privacy: Willingness to pay to protect personal data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Skatova ◽  
Rebecca Louise McDonald ◽  
Sinong Ma ◽  
Carsten Maple
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Privacy Preferences ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Free Service ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evaluation Techniques ◽  
Future Business

Data is key for the digital economy, underpinning business models and service provision, and a lot of these valuable datasets are personal in nature. Information about individual behaviour is collected regularly by organisations. This information has value to businesses, the government and third parties. It is not clear what value this personal data has to consumers themselves. Much of the digital economy is predicated on people sharing personal data, however if individuals value their privacy, they may choose to withhold this data unless the perceived benefits of sharing outweigh the perceived value of keeping the data private. Further, they might be willing to pay for an otherwise free service if paying allowed them to avoid sharing personal data. We used five evaluation techniques to study preferences for protecting personal data online and found that consumers assign a positive value to keeping a variety of types of personal data private. We show that participants are prepared to pay different amounts to protect different types of data, suggesting there is no simple function to assign monetary value that can be identified for individual privacy in the digital economy. The majority of participants displayed remarkable consistency in their rankings of the importance of different types of data, a finding that indicates the existence of stable individual privacy preferences in protecting personal data. We discuss our findings in the context of research on the value of privacy and privacy preferences, and in terms of implications for future business models and consumer protection.

scholarly journals The posthumous privacy paradox: Privacy preferences and behavior regarding digital remains

2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482097495
Author(s):  
Tal Morse ◽  
Michael Birnhack
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Stated Preferences ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Privacy Preferences ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Privacy Paradox ◽  
And Behavior

Scholars have observed a gap between users’ stated preferences to protect their privacy and their actual behavior. This is the privacy paradox. This article queries the persistence of the privacy paradox after death. A survey of a representative sample of Israeli Internet users inquired of perceptions, preferences, and actions taken by users regarding their digital remains. The analysis yielded three distinct groups: (1) users interested in preserving privacy posthumously but do not act accordingly; for these users, the privacy paradox persists posthumously; (2) users who match their behavior to their preferences; for these users, the privacy paradox is resolved; and (3) users interested in sharing their personal data posthumously but do not make the appropriate provisions. This scenario is the inverted privacy paradox. This new category has yet to be addressed in the literature. We present some explanations for the persistence of the posthumous privacy paradox and for the inverted privacy paradox.

Direct Consumer Influence—The Missing Strategy to Integrate Data Privacy Preferences into the Market

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Kuenzler
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Consumer Sovereignty ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Privacy Preferences ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Quality Dimensions

Abstract In view of a growing number of competition law investigations into the gathering and use of personal data by digital platforms, this article discusses the extent to which consumer sovereignty can be given greater weight in concentrated marketplaces where firms employ multi-sided business models and compete along quality dimensions such as privacy rather than price. The article explores the concept of direct consumer influence as a novel approach vis-à-vis switching or choosing differently in the public enforcement of competition law. Direct consumer influence constitutes a distinct avenue for embedding consumers’ choices into the market when consumers have few possibilities to act and holds the potential to shape digital markets in unanticipated ways. Using the example of the German Federal Cartel Office’s investigation into Facebook’s data-gathering practices, the article illustrates how direct consumer influence may clarify the relationship between data protection, consumer rights, and competition law.

scholarly journals Privacy Preference Signals: Past, Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Maximilian Hils ◽  
Daniel W. Woods ◽  
Rainer Böhme
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Privacy Preferences ◽  
Digital Representations ◽  
Privacy Preference ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Privacy preference signals are digital representations of how users want their personal data to be processed. Such signals must be adopted by both the sender (users) and intended recipients (data processors). Adoption represents a coordination problem that remains unsolved despite efforts dating back to the 1990s. Browsers implemented standards like the Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) and Do Not Track (DNT), but vendors profiting from personal data faced few incentives to receive and respect the expressed wishes of data subjects. In the wake of recent privacy laws, a coalition of AdTech firms published the Transparency and Consent Framework (TCF), which defines an optin consent signal. This paper integrates post-GDPR developments into the wider history of privacy preference signals. Our main contribution is a high-frequency longitudinal study describing how TCF signal gained dominance as of February 2021. We explore which factors correlate with adoption at the website level. Both the number of third parties on a website and the presence of Google Ads are associated with higher adoption of TCF. Further, we show that vendors acted as early adopters of TCF 2.0 and provide two case-studies describing how Consent Management Providers shifted existing customers to TCF 2.0. We sketch ways forward for a pro-privacy signal.

scholarly journals Increasing personal data contributions for the greater public good: a field experiment on an online education platform

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Viola Ackfeld ◽  
Tobias Rohloff ◽  
Sylvi Rzepka
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Randomized Field Experiment ◽  
Education Platform

Abstract Personal data increasingly serve as inputs to public goods. Like other types of contributions to public goods, personal data are likely to be underprovided. We investigate whether classical remedies to underprovision are also applicable to personal data and whether the privacy-sensitive nature of personal data must be additionally accounted for. In a randomized field experiment on a public online education platform, we prompt users to complete their profiles with personal information. Compared to a control message, we find that making public benefits salient increases the number of personal data contributions significantly. This effect is even stronger when additionally emphasizing privacy protection, especially for sensitive information. Our results further suggest that emphasis on both public benefits and privacy protection attracts personal data from a more diverse set of contributors.

Rethinking the Meaning of Citizenship in Post-PRI Mexico: Can the State Change Its Image?

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Katsuo A. Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
State Change ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This study considers the effect that gestures of goodwill from state officials have on political attitudes in post-PRI Mexico. A field experiment was conducted in the state of Baja California in which randomly selected individuals in the treatment group received a short letter from the state designed to improve residents' evaluation of government efforts to rehabilitate their neighborhoods. Overall, this study finds that a gesture of goodwill has a mixed effect on political attitudes relevant to democracy. While the treatment has a negative effect on levels of efficacy and evaluations of government performance, it also has a positive effect on willingness to become more involved in politics.

The Consumer Citizen, Political Knowledge, and Political Attitudes

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Ethan Porter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Rich

This chapter investigates the consumer citizen’s relationship with political knowledge and political attitudes. A survey experiment in the United States shows that taxpayer receipts can increase knowledge; evidence from a field experiment conducted in the United Kingdom, about the U.K. government’s nationwide distribution of taxpayer receipts, reaches similar conclusions. Yet the receipt is unable to affect a host of attitudes, including toward redistribution. But the consumer citizen’s attitudes toward redistribution can be changed—not just through alignability, but because of the everyday pressures of consumer life. This is illustrated by an experiment that finds that reminders of consumer debts can lead people to become more supportive of higher taxes on the rich.

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