scholarly journals Forensic Expertise Based on Findings through Postmortem Mammography Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Sara Sablone ◽  
Roberto Maselli ◽  
Alessia Leggio ◽  
Mariagrazia Calvano ◽  
Mirko Leonardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Forensic Evaluation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
First Case ◽  
Complete Fracture ◽  
Macroscopic Examination

In forensic cases where standard macroscopic examination and conventional radiological analysis are inconclusive, mammography can be a useful technique. This applies especially when bodies are found in an advanced state of decomposition, with the dissolution of the soft tissues, and with fragile skeletal structures. This study proposes the use of soft X-rays (i.e., mammography) in particular cases for forensic evaluation, with specific regard to the cause of death, age estimation, and body identification. Here we report three cases in which mammography was particularly useful to obtain fundamental medico-legal information. The first case involved a body that had reached the mummification stage, the second a woman who died from asphyxiation by strangulation, and the last a charred femur found in a field. Mammography uses low-energy X-rays. This technique provides increased image quality through better contrast and higher definition. In the first case, it highlighted a complete fracture of the thyroid cartilage; in the second, it revealed a complete fracture of the horn of the hyoid bone; in the last, it showed rarefaction of the reticular substance of the charred bone. As shown in this study, in selected cases, mammography is a useful tool for post-mortem imaging.

scholarly journals Comprehensive molecular imaging of malignant transformation of giant cell tumour of bone reveals diverse disease biology

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e218839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalevi Kairemo ◽  
Wei-Lien Wang ◽  
Vivek Subbiah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Giant Cell Tumour ◽  
Cell Tumour ◽  
X Rays ◽  
First Case

Malignant transformation of giant cell tumour of the bone is extremely rare. In addition, bone transformation in giant cell tumour may occur in different phases. With conventional X-rays, CT scans or MRIs, it may be challenging to distinguish among different phases of bone transformation, normal bone, soft tissue disease and bone disease (benign vs malignant lesions) and changes in multiple organs such as lung, liver and lymph nodes unless every lesion is biopsied, which is not practical. Molecular imaging with different isotopes (Tc-99m phosphonate, 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-d-glucose and sodium fluoride-18) may help to better characterise the disease. We hypothesised that molecular imaging could offer qualitative and quantitative characterisation of all stages of bone formation, destruction, reactivity or neoplasia in a patient with giant cell tumour of the bone, and we present the first case of molecular imaging where bone formation was seen in multiple soft tissues, such as lungs, muscles, lymph nodes and liver.

scholarly journals Osteoid Osteoma of the Atlas in a Boy: Clinical and Imaging Features–A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaide Valluzzi ◽  
Salvatore Donatiello ◽  
Graziana Gallo ◽  
Monica Cellini ◽  
Antonino Maiorana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Osteoid Osteoma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
First Case ◽  
Upper Cervical

AbstractOsteoid osteoma is a benign osteoblastic tumor, quite uncommon in the spine. We report a case of an osteoid osteoma involving the atlas in a 6-year-old boy, who presented with suboccipital pain and torticollis. Initial radiological findings were ambiguous as magnetic resonance imaging showed mainly edema of upper cervical soft tissues. The subsequent computed tomography depicted a lesion of left lamina of C1. As conservative treatment failed, the lesion was surgically resected and the patient became pain free. To our knowledge, this is the first case of osteoid osteoma involving the atlas associated with abnormal soft tissue reaction reported in literature.

scholarly journals The iliac crest in forensic age estimation: evaluation of three methods in pelvis X-rays

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Bartolini ◽  
Vilma Pinchi ◽  
Barbara Gualco ◽  
Stefano Vanin ◽  
Giusto Chiaracane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Forensic Age Estimation ◽  
X Rays

scholarly journals Traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis resulting in complete thoracic spinal cord avulsion: an unusual presentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-638
Author(s):  
Jamie Toms ◽  
David L. Boyer ◽  
Craig R. Kelman ◽  
Rafael A. Vega
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Drain ◽  
First Case ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Initial Imaging ◽  
Lumbar Spondylolisthesis ◽  
A Site ◽  
Traumatic Spondylolisthesis

Traumatic spondylolisthesis is a known occurrence in trauma, but complete cord transection is relatively rare. Moreover, complete cord transection at a site distant from the traumatic spondylolisthesis without spondyloptosis is exceedingly rare. In this report, authors describe the first case of thoracic cord avulsion following a traumatic grade II lumbar spondylolisthesis. The unusual presentation of this case highlights the importance of further evaluating patients with neurological symptoms out of proportion with the injuries seen on initial imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging performed after initial imaging studies demonstrated T11 cord transection with the distal cord herniating into the lumbar paraspinal soft tissues, thus allowing for preoperative planning to prepare for a more significant intervention including complex dural repair and lumbar drain placement, in addition to instrumented fusion to stabilize the traumatic spondylolisthesis.

Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma Arising in the Vulva: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-702
Author(s):  
Beverly E. White ◽  
Alan Kaplan ◽  
Dolores H. Lopez-Terrada ◽  
Jae Y. Ro ◽  
Robert S. Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Sarcoma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Case ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
Synovial Sarcomas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Vulvar Mass

Abstract Synovial sarcomas most commonly arise in the soft tissue of the extremities. Less commonly, these tumors present in the head and neck, abdominal wall, and other sites. However, synovial sarcoma occurring in the vulvar area is extremely rare. Only 2 previous cases of biphasic synovial sarcoma of the vulva have been reported, but no case of vulvar monophasic synovial sarcoma has been described in the English literature. We report the third case of synovial sarcoma and apparently the first case of monophasic synovial sarcoma arising in soft tissues of the vulva. The patient was a 33-year-old woman who presented for evaluation of a painless vulvar mass. The tumor was located in the deep fibroadipose tissue of the right vulva (6.5 × 4.2 × 3.5 cm). The histology of the lesion was that of a monophasic synovial sarcoma with a hemangiopericytic vascular pattern. A subsequent molecular analysis revealed SYT-SSX2 gene fusion, which confirmed the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. After an initial wide local excision, the patient developed a recurrence in the right groin and received chemotherapy and additional surgery. The patient is currently disease free, on adjuvant chemotherapy, and being followed up closely.

Radiological anatomy of the oral cavity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiological Anatomy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Sensitive Film ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Pass Through

The radiographs most frequently taken in general dental practice are of the teeth and their immidiate supporting tissues for detection of dental caries or assessment of bone loss in periodontal disease. Intraoral radiographs are taken by placing the X-ray-sensitive film or receptor in the mouth close to the teeth being investigated. Extraoral radiographs use larger films or receptors positioned externally and produce a view of the entire dentition and its supporting structures on a single film; they are used to ascertain the state of development of the dentitions prior to orthodontic treatment, for example. Dental panoramic tomographs (DPTs) are the most frequent extraoral radiographs. A radiograph is a negative photographic record. Dense structures such as bone are designated as radio-opaque; they absorb some X-rays and appear white on radiographs. More X-rays pass through less dense radiolucent structures such as air-filled cavities which show up as black areas. The contrast between different tissues of the structures which the X-ray beam passes through is determined by their radiodensity which, in turn, is largely due to their content of metallic elements. Calcium and iron are the prevalent heavy metals in the body. Calcium is combined with phosphate to form hydroxyapatite crystals in bones and mineralized tissues in teeth. Iron is present in haemoglobin in blood, but only large concentrations of blood, such as those found within the heart chambers, show up on X-rays. In sequence from densest to most lucent, the radiodensity of the dental and periodontal tissues are: enamel, dentine, cementum, compact bone, cancellous bone, demineralized carious enamel and dentine, dental soft tissues such as pulp and periodontal ligament, and air; gold and silver–mercury amalgam metallic restorative materials are even denser than enamel. A radiograph is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional situation. The orientation of anatomical structures relative to the X-ray beam is a major factor determining their appearance on the film. For example, a beam travelling through the long axis of a radiodense structure will produce a whiter image on the film than one passing through its shorter axis because more X-rays are absorbed; the structure will also have a different shape.

scholarly journals The first case report of Kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome of chinese origin with a novel PLOD1 gene mutation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Ni ◽  
Chenxi Jin ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Ou Wang ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
First Case ◽  
Blue Sclerae ◽  
Danlos Syndrome

Abstract Background Kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (kEDS) is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder characterized by progressive kyphoscoliosis, congenital muscular hypotonia, marked joint hypermobility, and severe skin hyperextensibility and fragility. Deficiency of lysyl hydroxylase 1 (LH1) due to mutations of PLOD1 (procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1) gene has been identified as the pathogenic cause of kEDS (kEDS-PLOD1). Up to now, kEDS-PLOD1 has not been reported among Chinese population. Case presentation A 17-year-old Chinese male patient presenting with hypotonia, joint hypermobility and scoliosis was referred to our hospital. After birth, he was found to have severe hypotonia leading to delayed motor development. Subsequently, joint hypermobility, kyphoscoliosis and amblyopia were found. Inguinal hernia was found at age 5 years and closed by surgery. At the same time, he presented with hyperextensible and bruisable velvety skin with widened atrophic scarring after minor trauma. Dislocation of elbow joint was noted at age of 6 years. Orthopedic surgery for correction of kyphoscoliosis was performed at age 10 years. His family history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed elevated blood pressure. Slight facial dysmorphologies including high palate, epicanthal folds, and down-slanting palpebral fissures were found. He also had blue sclerae with normal hearing. X-rays revealed severe degree of scoliosis and osteopenia. The Echocardiography findings were normal. Laboratory examination revealed a slightly elevated bone turnover. Based on the clinical manifestations presented by our patient, kEDS was suspected. Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation of PLOD1 (c.1697 G > A, p.C566Y), confirming the diagnosis of kEDS-PLOD1. The patient was treated with alfacalcidol and nifedipine. Improved physical strength and normal blood pressure were reported after 12-month follow-up. Conclusions This is the first case of kEDS-PLOD1 of Chinese origin. We identified one novel mutation of PLOD1, extending the mutation spectrum of PLOD1. Diagnosis of kEDS-PLOD1 should be considered in patients with congenital hypotonia, progressive kyphoscoliosis, joint hypermobility, and skin hyperextensibility and confirmed by mutation analysis of PLOD1.

Abdominal x rays made easy: bones and soft tissues

BMJ ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 325 (Suppl S3) ◽  
pp. 0209315
Author(s):  
Ian Bickle ◽  
Barry Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
X Rays

Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia in Angiohamartomatous Soft Tissues

1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Muretto ◽  
Ferdinando Lungarotti ◽  
Enrico Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lymph Node Hyperplasia

The first case of Castleman's benign lymphoma associated with angiohamartomatous alterations in peripheral fibroadipose tissue is reported, and a pathogenetic connection is hypothesized. The lesion was encountered in a 48-year-old man; it was situated in the left and inferior retroperitoneal area with extension to the inguinal region of the same side.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document