scholarly journals Experimental Study on Water Electrolysis Using Cellulose Nanofluid

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Dongnyeok Choi ◽  
Kwon-Yeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Long Period

Hydrogen energy is considered to be a future energy source due to its higher energy density as compared to renewable energy and ease of storage and transport. Water electrolysis is one of the most basic methods for producing hydrogen. KOH and NaOH, which are currently used as electrolytes for water electrolysis, have strong alkalinity. So, it cause metal corrosion and can be serious damage when it is exposed to human body. Hence, experiments using cellulose nanofluid (CNF, C6H10O5) as an electrolyte were carried out to overcome the disadvantages of existing electrolytes and increase the efficiency of hydrogen production. The variables of the experiment were CNF concentration, anode material, voltage applied to the electrode, and initial temperature of the electrolyte. The conditions showing the optimal hydrogen production efficiency (99.4%) within the set variables range were found. CNF, which is not corrosive and has high safety, can be used for electrolysis for a long period of time because it does not coagulate and settle over a long period of time unlike other inorganic nanofluids. In addition, it shows high hydrogen production efficiency. So, it is expected to be used as a next-generation water electrolysis electrolyte.

scholarly journals Selected Aspects of Hydrogen Production via Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrocarbons

Hydrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Vedyagin ◽  
Ilya V. Mishakov ◽  
Denis V. Korneev ◽  
Yury I. Bauman ◽  
Anton Yu. Nalivaiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Carbon Deposits ◽  
Decomposition Of Hydrocarbons

Owing to the high hydrogen content, hydrocarbons are considered as an alternative source for hydrogen energy purposes. Complete decomposition of hydrocarbons results in the formation of gaseous hydrogen and solid carbonaceous by-product. The process is complicated by the methane formation reaction when the released hydrogen interacts with the formed carbon deposits. The present study is focused on the effects of the reaction mixture composition. Variations in the inlet hydrogen and methane concentrations were found to influence the carbon product’s morphology and the hydrogen production efficiency. The catalyst containing NiO (82 wt%), CuO (13 wt%), and Al2O3 (5 wt%) was prepared via a mechanochemical activating procedure. Kinetics of the catalytic process of hydrocarbons decomposition was studied using a reactor equipped with McBain balances. The effects of the process parameters were explored in a tubular quartz reactor with chromatographic analysis of the outlet gaseous products. In the latter case, the catalyst was loaded piecemeal. The texture and morphology of the produced carbon deposits were investigated by nitrogen adsorption and electron microscopy techniques.

scholarly journals Energy-saving hydrogen production by chlorine-free hybrid seawater splitting coupling hydrazine degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Sun ◽  
Jingshan Qin ◽  
Zhiyu Wang ◽  
Mengzhou Yu ◽  
Xianhong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Seawater Electrolysis

AbstractSeawater electrolysis represents a potential solution to grid-scale production of carbon-neutral hydrogen energy without reliance on freshwater. However, it is challenged by high energy costs and detrimental chlorine chemistry in complex chemical environments. Here we demonstrate chlorine-free hydrogen production by hybrid seawater splitting coupling hydrazine degradation. It yields hydrogen at a rate of 9.2 mol h–1 gcat–1 on NiCo/MXene-based electrodes with a low electricity expense of 2.75 kWh per m3 H2 at 500 mA cm–2 and 48% lower energy equivalent input relative to commercial alkaline water electrolysis. Chlorine electrochemistry is avoided by low cell voltages without anode protection regardless Cl– crossover. This electrolyzer meanwhile enables fast hydrazine degradation to ~3 ppb residual. Self-powered hybrid seawater electrolysis is realized by integrating low-voltage direct hydrazine fuel cells or solar cells. These findings enable further opportunities for efficient conversion of ocean resources to hydrogen fuel while removing harmful pollutants.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hydrogen Production Potential Based on Resources Situation in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 03021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmei Yang ◽  
Geng Wang ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
Sinan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Average Consumption

Hydrogen energy is becoming more and more blooming because of its diversified sources, eco-friendly and green, easy storage and transportation, high-efficient utilization, etc. The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is expected to grow over the next decades. Hydrogen, like electricity, is a secondary energy. Hydrogen production is the foundation for all kinds of applications. Based on the resources situation in China, potential of hydrogen production is analysed. China has a large potential of hydrogen production from coal, which is about 2.438 billion tons. Potential of hydrogen production from natural gas is less than that from coal, which is about 501 million tons. According to the average consumption of methanol per year, potential of hydrogen production from methanol is about 690, 000 tons per year. Potential of hydrogen production from industrial gas (coking, petrochemical and chlor-alkali industries) is about 866, 400 tons per year. Potential of hydrogen production from abandoned renewable energy power is about 1798.2 million tons per year. Distribution of resources in China differs among provinces. The deployment of hydrogen industry should pay attention to local hydrogen production potential. A green hydrogen production method, such as water electrolysis by renewable energy power, is a promising and environmental friendly way.

scholarly journals Application of spiking neural networks for modelling the process of high-temperature hydrogen production in systems with gas-cooled reactors *

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Sergey O, Starkov ◽  
Yury N, Lavrenkov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Water Steam

Hydrogen energy is able to solve the problem of the dependence of modern industries on fossil fuels and significantly reduce the amount of harmful emissions. One of the ways to produce hydrogen is high-temperature water-steam electrolysis. Increasing the temperature of the steam involved in electrolysis makes the process more efficient. The key problem is the use of a reliable heat energy source capable of reaching high temperatures. High-temperature gas-cooled reactors with a gaseous coolant and a graphite moderator provide a solution to the problem of heating the electrolyte. Part of the heat energy is used for producing electrical energy required for electrolysis. Modern electrolyzers built as arrays of tubular or planar electrolytic cells with a nuclear energy source make it possible to produce hydrogen by decomposing water molecules, and the working temperature control leads to a decrease in the Nernst potential. The operation of such facilities is complicated by the need to determine the optimal parameters of the electrolysis cell, the steam flow rate, and the operating current density. To reduce the costs associated with the process optimization, it is proposed to use a low-temperature electrolysis system controlled by a spiking neural network. The results confirm the effectiveness of intelligent technologies that implement adaptive control of hybrid modeling processes in order to organize the most feasible hydrogen production in a specific process, the parameters of which can be modified depending on the specific use of the reactor thermal energy. In addition, the results of the study confirm the feasibility of using a combined functional structure made on the basis of spiking neurons to correct the parameters of the developed electrolytic system. The proposed simulation strategy can significantly reduce the consumption of computational resources in comparison with models based only on neural network prediction methods.

Sustainable hydrogen production from seawater and sewage treated water using reverse electrodialysis technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Higa ◽  
Takeshi Watanabe ◽  
Masahiro Yasukawa ◽  
Nobutaka Endo ◽  
Yuriko Kakihana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Gradient Energy

Abstract A pilot-scale sustainable hydrogen production system using reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology was launched. The system is based on direct conversion of salinity gradient energy (SGE) between seawater (SW) and sewage treated water (STW) to hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The hydrogen production rate was almost the same as the theoretical value. This indicates that the RED hydrogen production system can convert SGE between SW and STW to hydrogen energy at high current efficiency.

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