scholarly journals Tracer Test and Streamline Simulation for Geothermal Resources in Cuona of Tibet

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lihua Zuo ◽  
Changming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
The Impact

The exploration and production of geothermal energy have been important missions for the energy contribution of the world, especially because geothermal energy is one environmentally friendly resource. The geothermal resources exist around the world but there are differences in the exploration and production procedures depending on the geophysical properties and brine temperatures in each reservoir. There are plenty of geothermal reservoirs in southwest China but the subsurface situations are so complicated that it is hard to produce the geothermal resource economically and in an environmentally friendly way. In this paper, we summarized the current situations of the geothermal exploration in Cuona and studied the impact of injection wells on the geothermal production performance. Tracer tests were performed to test the connections between three injection wells and two production wells and the streamline algorithm based on Complex Analysis Potential methods is applied to simulate the trajectories and running time of the water from the injection well. The tracer test results were analyzed to get possible interconnection relations between different wells. The most reasonable subsurface conditions including porosity and faults locations were investigated. The technique proposed here could be extended and applied for other geothermal projects in China and other countries in the world.

scholarly journals Climate change and livestock production: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
A. O. Agbeja ◽  
K. A. Olaifa ◽  
D. R. Akindolu ◽  
H. O. Salau ◽  
M. S. Akinlade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The livestock system is one of the most important characteristics of agrarian economy; livestock sector provides sustainability and stability to the national economy by contributing to farm energy and food security. Climate change is seen as a major threat to the survival of many species, ecosystems and the sustainability of livestock production systems in many parts of the world. Green house gases (GHG) are released in the atmosphere both by natural sources and anthropogenic (human related) activities. The impact of climate change can heighten the vulnerability of livestock systems and exacerbate existing stresses upon them, such as drought. Parasites and diseases are among the most severe factors that impact livestock production and reproduction, impact on livestock health, impact on feed and fodder availability, reduction in livestock population and impact of climate change on livestock genetics resource. However, the climate change especially global warming may highly influence production performance of farm animals throughout the world, this results in decreased animal production and productivity.     Le système de bétail est l'une des caractéristiques les plus importantes de l'économie agraire; Le secteur de l'élevage assure la durabilité et la stabilité de l'économie nationale en contribuant à l'énergie agricole et à la sécurité alimentaire. Le changement climatique est considéré comme une menace majeure pour la survie de nombreuses espèces, écosystèmes et la durabilité des systèmes de production animale dans de nombreuses régions du monde. Les gaz à effet de serre (GES) sont rejetés dans l'atmosphère à la fois par des sources naturelles et par des activités anthropiques (liées à l'homme). L'impact du changement climatique peut accroître la vulnérabilité des systèmes de bétail et exacerber les tensions existantes sur eux, telles que la sécheresse. Les parasites et les maladies sont parmi les facteurs les plus graves qui ont un impact sur la production et la reproduction du bétail, un impact sur la santé du bétail, un impact sur les aliments et la disponibilité du fourrage, la réduction du cheptel et l'impact du changement climatique sur les ressources génétiques du bétail. Cependant, le changement climatique, en particulier le réchauffement climatique, peut fortement influencer les performances de production des animaux d'élevage à travers le monde, ce qui entraîne une baisse de la production et de la productivité animales.

scholarly journals THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Getachew Bekele Fereja
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

It is true that most proportions of Africans livestock production and productivities are declined when the climate condition is not comfortable. Therefore this review was conducted to show the impacts of climate change on livestock production and productivities. The climate change especially global warming may highly influence production performance of farm animals throughout the world. While there has been occasional mention, in the global discussion on climate change there has generally been a dearth of attention paid to the animal production and productivities impacts of the proposed abatement options and some of the suggested livestock management approaches would have severe and wide-ranging impacts on the animal’s products. This is on the background that the impact of climate change on crops is well known, much less is known about the impact of climate change on livestock. Unfortunately, livestock production and productivities assumes an overriding emphasis as one of the core sectors to solve the current food challenges and bringing future food sustainability in developing countries. Out of all the factors influencing livestock production, climate, and location are undoubtedly the most significant. Climate change will have far-reaching consequences for animal production, especially in vulnerable parts of the world where it is vital for nutrition and livelihoods. The impact of climate change can heighten the vulnerability of livestock systems and exacerbate existing stresses upon them, such as drought. Parasites and diseases are among the most severe factors that impact livestock production and productivity. Animal diseases have great impact on food supplies, trade and commerce, and human health globally. Animal genetic diversity is critical for food security and rural development. It allows farmers to select stocks or develop new breeds in response to changing conditions.

scholarly journals Selected technical aspects of well construction for geothermal energy utilization in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tomaszewska ◽  
Anna Sowiżdżał ◽  
Anna Chmielowska
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Geothermal Heating ◽  
Current State ◽  
Exploratory Wells ◽  
Deep Boreholes ◽  
Deep Geothermal Energy ◽  
Domestic Law

Abstract Geothermal resources have been used in Poland since the 90s of the last century. Since then, several geothermal heating plants, recreation and balneological centers have been operated. Accessing geothermal resources is possible due to deep boreholes that are either brand-new wells or old but revitalized petroleum and/or exploratory wells. In this case, the construction of production and injection wells is of significant importance. The utilization of deep geothermal energy resources is strongly dependent on the binding domestic law regulations – primarily in case of acquiring the concession enabling an execution of geological and drilling works, and subsequently a proper exploitation. The paper presents the current state of development of the geothermal energy sector in Poland, indicating examples of exploitation systems based on deep boreholes. Furthermore, the constructions of existing wells are discussed extensively. The existing examples of old but reconstructed wells in Poland, are characterized. The importance of national law and its influence on the development of a geothermal investment is highlighted, as well.

scholarly journals Current trends in the development of geothermal resources

Georesursy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Shulyupin ◽  
Natalia N. Varlamova
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Processes

Based on the analysis of publications in world publications, as well as a generalization of the experience of developing domestic geothermal fields, current trends in the development of geothermal resources are shown. The key trend is considered to be the transition from subsidized to commercial projects, which increases the relevance of research in areas that have a significant impact on the economic efficiency of resource development processes, primarily in the direction of geothermal technologies. In terms of subsidized projects that set research goals, the most relevant are works in the direction of EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems). Moreover, there is a tendency towards the creation of international interdisciplinary collaborative research teams. It is noted that the current level of technology development allows producing geothermal energy for use in local heat supply systems practically anywhere in the world. However, given the concentration of power per unit area, the basis of modern geothermal energy is still the direction associated with the rise of deep fluids to the surface in areas characterized by the presence of ascending flows of hot juvenile fluids. It is indicated that Russia is lagging behind the world level of progress in the development of geothermal resources, including in terms of current research and development directions, and measures are proposed to overcome this lag.

Flash Floods - Preventable Wrath of Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Sanga
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
School Level ◽  
Science Center ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

<p>For sustainable future I plan various activities, workshops, local IIT visit, Planetarium and Science center visits, arrange film screening, simulation exercises, Virtual trips, quizzes on various topics and map work, independent research for better understanding, conducting observations and finding out answers/reasons for their findings. The very purpose is to broaden their horizons and make them global citizens. According to me a class can be how the teacher wants it. If you have compassion and if you are passionate about your work then most of the work is done. While teaching Science, I always try to correlate things with day-to-day life and make students reaffirm their accumulated knowledge through nature’s very own perspective.</p><p> </p><p>One of my favorite topics is Water in our ecosystem. Today, as we all are aware of, sea levels are rising across the world due to global warming and glacial melting as a result thereof. Yet another catastrophic form of the wrath expressed by nature is in form of Flash Floods. It is a rapid flooding and an almost sudden surge in water levels within a few hours or, at times, minutes of the rainfall that causes a catastrophic loss of life and material wealth. Instances of these flash floods are increasing in number and intensity, not only in India but every elsewhere of the world. The question here is, that was it inevitable or could we have done something to prevent these. However, since the times can’t be averted, there is no use of crying over the milk that we have spilt ourselves. The spotlight today should be on ways of preventing these self-invented calamities. Since there is no ‘Undo’ button in life, it calls for some out of the box thinking and putting self-restraints on some deep-rooted human habits, to be able to set aside these ill effects our past misdeeds.</p><p> </p><p>The vast amount of water, which comprises our oceans, plays a crucial role in stabilizing the climate, making our earth’s atmosphere hospitable for human life. Land which is closer to the ocean is subject to more frequent shifts in weather, however, water acts as an environmental shock absorber.</p><p> </p><p>Teaching Earth Sciences at middle school level is an opportunity to make projects on Flash floods and carry it out by complex analysis of the rain gauge, geological, geophysical, predictive, diagnostic, descriptive and geodetic information available.</p><p> </p><p>Students work in small groups of 4-5 and find out information about local weather and climatic conditions, together with the river basin geography and geology as part of computer-generated models to simulate combinations of conditions to see the impact on water level. What they learn is applied to the design of data structures to control flood waters. They also find out about disastrous flash floods, lists and map them out, by year or by location. It’s involves a multidisciplinary approach as they write a report on it in their language subjects (Hindi and English), find the ways to control it (Science), location, mapping and affected area (Geography).</p>

scholarly journals THE GEOENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF KLAIPĖDA GEOTHERMAL PLANT / KLAIPĖDOS GEOTERMINĖS JĖGAINĖS POVEIKIS GEOLOGINEI APLINKAI / ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ КЛАЙПЕДСКОЙ ГЕОТЕРМАЛЬНОЙ СТАНЦИИ НА ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКУЮ СРЕДУ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
Algirdas Zuzevičius ◽  
Arūnas Jurevičius ◽  
Kristina Galčiuvienė
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Impact Zone ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geothermal Plant ◽  
Complete Regeneration

A potential impact of geothermal energy exploitation on the underground of the Upper Phanerozoic following various schemes of thermal water extraction and injection to the productive aquifer and other aquifers was modelled on an example of Klaipėda demonstration geothermal plant (KDGP). The obtained results showed that: 1 – thermal energy resources in the productive Viešvilė aquifer are sufficient for operation of KDGP at project geothermal output 20.8 MW for 50 years; 2 – at a distance 0.2–0.5 km around the injection wells, the water level in the productive layer rises above the ground; 3 – the temperature in the productive complex falls down in an area of approximately 15 km2; 4 – the spent mineralized (95 g/l) water of productive aquifer returned into the Upper Permian-Žagarė aquifer may reach the freshwater waterworks in 10 years; 5 – yet its short-lasting emergency injections represent no real hazard for waterworks; 6 – the interaction of groundwater of different temperature and chemical composition may slightly elevate the saturation of mixture with the ferrous minerals (hematite and magnetite) and allow their precipitation in the layer or well filters; 7 – the cooling of Viešvilė aquifer from 37–39 to 11 °C in the impact zone of injection wells during 50 years is an irreversible process; complete regeneration of temperature due to geothermal flux lasts for about 6000 years. Santrauka Potencialus geoterminės energijos gavybos poveikis viršutinei fanerozojaus daliai, taikant įvairias terminio vandens gavybos ir grąžinimo į produktyvųjį ir kitus vandeninguosius sluoksnius schemas, vertintas Klaipėdos parodomosios jėgainės pavyzdžiu. Atlikus modelinius tyrimus nustatyta: 1 – išsprendus injektavimo problemą, produktyvaus Viešvilės komplekso šiluminės energijos ištekliai yra pakankami 50 metų jėgainei veikti planuotu 20,8 MW geoterminiu galingumu; 2 – injektuotas vanduo gavybinius gręžinius pasiekia per 10–15 metų, tačiau jo dalis debite po 50 metų neviršija 10%; per 50 metų produktyviame komplekse temperatūros pažemėjo maždaug 15 km2 plote; 3 – panaudoto mineralizuoto (apie 95 g/l) vandens grąžinimas į Šventosios – Upninkų kompleksą esminio neigiamo poveikio jo hidrodinamikai, hidrochemijai ir šiluminiam režimui nedaro; analogiškai injektavus į viršutinio permo – Žagarės horizontą, gėlo vandens vandenvietes grąžintas vanduo pasiektų per 10 metų; 4 – įvairių temperatūrų ir cheminės sudėties požeminio vandens sąveika gali nežymiai padidinti mišinio įsotinimą geležies mineralais (hematitu ir magnetitu) ir sukelti jų nusėdimą sluoksnyje ar gręžiniu filtruose; Viešvilės komplekso atšalimas poveikio zonoje nuo 37–39 °C iki 11 °C, kurį lėmė 5–50 metų trukmės injektavimas, yra istoriškai negrįžtamo pobūdžio. Sustabdžius injektavimą kompleksas iki pradinės temperatūros įšiltų daugiau kaip per 6000 metų Резюме Оценка возможного воздействия добычи геотермальной энергии на верхнюю часть осадочного чехла при различных схемах закачки использованной воды в продуктивный и другие горизонты проведена моделированием участка Клайпедской показательной станции. Исследование показало, что: 1 – запасы тепловой энергии продуктивноговешвильского комплекса нижнего девона достаточны для эксплуатации станции с предусмотренной производительностью в 20.8 MW на протяжении 50 лет; 2 – использованная и возвращенная в продуктивный комплекс водак эксплуатационным скважинам поступает через 10–15 лет, однако ее доля в расходе и спустя 50 лет останетсяменее 10%; 3 – закачка использованной минерализованной (95 г/л) воды в швянтойскоупнинкайский комплекссущественного отрицательного воздействия на его гидро и термодинамику, а также химический состав не оказывает; аналогичная закачка в верхнепермскожагарский горизонт привела бы к выходу из строя водозабора пресных вод через 10 лет; 4 – смешение подземных вод различного состава и температуры повышает насыщенностьсмеси гематитом и магнетитом и их выпадение; 5 – охлаждение продуктивного комплекса за 50 лет закачки охватывает площадь порядка 15 км2 и в историческом масштабе времени за счет кондукции тепла является необратимым – восстановление температуры с 11 °C до исходной 37–39 °C возможно спустя 6000 лет.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

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