scholarly journals The Wait and See Literature: A Rapid Systematic Review

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Kenneth Strahan ◽  
John Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Action Decision

Delaying protective action decision making in wildfire is inconsistent with fire authorities’ advice and is associated with fatalities. A comprehensive understanding of why at-risk residents wait and see whether they will evacuate from a wildfire or remain to shelter or defend can better inform wildfire safety policy and practice. This systematic review reports the findings of 40 papers selected from 255 identified through a search of papers in Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar published between 1995 and December 2020 in English. This review establishes the extent of wait and see behaviour; grounds for concern for such behaviour; reasons protective action is delayed; the influence of information and warnings; relevance of gender and other characteristics; delay by those who defend their property; and policy implications. This review also details 11 seminal studies that capture much of the evidence on the delay of protective action in wildfire.

scholarly journals Protective Decision-Making in Bushfire Part 2: A Rapid Systematic Review of the ‘Leave Early’ Literature

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Kenneth William Strahan ◽  
John Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Safety Policy ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Review Reports

In Australia, residents can choose to remain to defend their property against bushfire but, since the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires, considerable emphasis is placed on leaving early, well in advance of a bushfire. However, many householders delay their protective decision. The insights offered by the literature into how and why some people leave early before their personal safety is threatened can inform bushfire safety policy and practice. This systematic review reports the findings of 90 papers selected from 216 identified through a search of papers in Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar published between 1995 and May 2021 in English. This review establishes the reasons people leave early; the influence of official and unofficial warnings; gender and other demographics; the influence of self-evacuation archetypes; planning and preparation; the influence of children and other dependents and pets; triggers initiating leaving; factors impeding and facilitating leaving; and policy issues around early leaving. This review also details 12 seminal studies that capture much of the evidence on the decision to leave early.

scholarly journals Determinant Factors in Personal Decision-Making to Adopt COVID-19 Prevention Measures in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8131
Author(s):  
Karina Fernanda Gonzalez ◽  
Maria Teresa Bull ◽  
Sebastian Muñoz-Herrera ◽  
Luis Felipe Robledo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protective Action Decision Model ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Personal Decision ◽  
Action Decision

The pandemic has challenged countries to develop stringent measures to reduce infections and keep the population healthy. However, the greatest challenge is understanding the process of adopting self-care measures by individuals in different countries. In this research, we sought to understand the behavior of individuals who take self-protective action. We selected the risk homeostasis approach to identify relevant variables associated with the risk of contagion and the Protective Action Decision Model to understand protective decision-making in the pandemic. Subsequently, we conducted an exploratory survey to identify whether the same factors, as indicated in the literature, impact Chile’s adoption of prevention measures. The variables gender, age, and trust in authority behave similarly to those found in the literature. However, socioeconomic level, education, and media do not impact the protection behaviors adopted to avoid contagion. Furthermore, the application of the Protective Action Decision Model is adequate to understand the protective measures in the case of a pandemic. Finally, women have a higher risk perception and adopt more protective measures, and in contrast, young people between 18 and 30 years of age are the least concerned about COVID-19 infection.

Protective Actions and Protective Action Decision Making

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Michael K. Lindell ◽  
Pamela Murray-Tuite ◽  
Brian Wolshon ◽  
Earl J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Action Decision

scholarly journals Family group decision‐making for children at risk of abuse or neglect: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony McGinn ◽  
Paul Best ◽  
Jason Wilson ◽  
Admire Chereni ◽  
Mphatso Kamndaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Children At Risk

scholarly journals Ranchers’ Use of Drought Contingency Plans in Protective Action Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Tonya Haigh ◽  
Michael Hayes ◽  
Jolene Smyth ◽  
Linda Prokopy ◽  
Charles Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Action Decision

scholarly journals Geographic Specificity, Tornadoes, and Protective Action

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Nagele ◽  
Joseph E. Trainor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Or Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
System Data ◽  
Tornado Warning ◽  
Action Decision

Abstract In 2007, the National Weather Service (NWS) began using storm-based warnings (SBWs) rather than countywide warnings. Some analysts have examined the effects of this change, but little empirical research has yet to focus on the public response. Using a random digit dialing sample and a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) system, data were collected that focused on protective action decision making in counties that were affected by a severe storm or tornado warning. Based on those data, the following paper examines the influence of these new storm-based warnings on protective action decision making by the public. While a significant relationship between being inside the warning polygon and taking protective action was not found, the authors were able to conclude that polygon size is an important factor. Given these mixed results, it is suggested that future work on storm-based warnings focus on the warnings’ dissemination and reception, as well as the optimization of the polygons themselves. It is suggested that the complexities associated with communicating with these risk areas complicate the dissemination process and create difficulties in the public understanding of the warning. The possible need for optimization is reinforced by the significance of the track proximity and polygon-sized variables. In addition, a smaller polygon resulted in protective action, in particular, sheltering. With regard to the preparedness and sociodemographic variables, the study’s results agreed with previous findings on the importance of a family emergency plan. Unlike earlier research this study did not find past experience or education level significant within the regression model and showed mixed results of gender.

scholarly journals HEALTH LITERACY IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Rostamzadeh ◽  
J. Stapels ◽  
A. Genske ◽  
T. Haidl ◽  
S. Jünger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Alzheimer’S Dementia ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Alzheimer's Dementia

Background: Health literacy (HL) refers to the capacity to access, understand, appraise and apply information for decision-making and acting in health-related matters. In the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), expanding technologies of early disease detection, disease course prediction and eventually personalized prevention confront individuals at-risk with increasingly complex information, which demand substantial HL skills. Here we report current findings of HL research in at-risk groups. Methods: Search strings, referring to HL, AD, amyloid and risk, were developed. A systematic review was conducted in PUBMED, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science to summarize the state of evidence on HL in at-risk individuals for Alzheimer’s dementia. Eligible articles needed to employ a validated tool for HL, mention the concept or one dimension (access, understand, appraise and apply information for decision-making and acting). Results: 26 quantitative and 9 qualitative studies addressing at least one dimension of HL were included. Overall, there is evidence for a wish to gain knowledge about the own brain status and risk of dementia. Psychological distress may occur and the subjective benefit-risk estimation may be modified after risk disclosure. Effects on lifestyle and planning may occur. Overall understanding and appraisal of information related to AD risk seem variable with several impacting factors. In mild cognitive impairment (MCI) basic HL skill seem to be affected by cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions: Systematic assessment of HL in at-risk population for AD is sparse. Findings indicate the paramount importance of adequate communication with persons at risk, being sensitive to individual needs and preferences. Substantial research needs were identified.

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