scholarly journals Assessing the Relationship between Litter + Duff Consumption and Post-Fire Soil Temperature Regimes

Fire ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Crystal N. Smith ◽  
Donald L. Hagan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
And Control

The immediate effects of wildland fire on soil have been well documented. However, we know much less about the longer-term effects and their implications for plants. Post-fire soil temperature regimes, for example, have received relatively little research attention, despite potential effects on plant phenology and establishment. Using portable temperature datalogger units (iButtons), we conducted an experimental study to assess how fire severity (measured in terms of litter and duff consumption) influences biologically relevant temperature parameters such as diel minimums, maximums, means, and ranges. We also used these data to calculate cumulative soil growing degree days (GDDs). The study was conducted during the early to mid-spring to capture the transition from dormant season to growing season. Results indicate that mean and max soil temperatures increase in the weeks after fire, with the most pronounced effects in the higher severity treatments. By the end of the 40-day study period, soils in the high severity burn treatment had accumulated 72 GDDs, compared to 17.9, 13.6, and 1.4 in moderate, low, and control treatments, respectively. These findings indicate that fire severity has significant and persistent effects on post-fire soil temperature regimes, and this likely has implications for the post-fire vegetation response.

scholarly journals HOW SOIL TEMPERATURE REGIMES CHANGE AS THE CLIMATE WARMS – SHORT COMMUNICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Karvonen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Use

Finnish soil temperature regimes have been pergelic, cryic, and frigid, where pergelic is coldest and unsuitable for agricultural use. The study monitored soil temperatures at a soil depth of 50 cm in 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 to look at how the soil temperature regimes have changed. Probably, as a result of climate warming the soil temperature regimes in Southern Finland in the Helsinki region at a latitude of 60–61°N have raised from cryic and pergelic to warmer mesic over a period of ten years.

Effect of Root Temperature on Growth and Seed Yield in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata)

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Minchin ◽  
P.A. Huxley ◽  
R.J. Summerfield
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Seed Yields

The effects of different soil temperature regimes on vegetative growth, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and seed yield of two cowpea cultivars (K 2809 and Prima) were investigated in experiments carried out in plastic houses during the UK summer. Mean maximum soil temperatures above 32°C significantly reduced vegetative growth of both cultivars, through their effects on branch, peduncle and root dry weight per plant and, to a lesser extent, leaf production. The warmest temperature regime (35.4°C) also reduced nodule activity, especially in cv. Prima. Seed yields were adversely affected, due largely to changes in the number of peduncles per plant, as mean maximum soil temperature increased from 25.8 to 35.4°C.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Temperature on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth and Development in Three Spanish Genotypes of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Golombek ◽  
C. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Abstract Extremes of soil temperature limit yield development of peanut. To obtain information relevant to improving yield by agronomic management and breeding, the influence of the soil temperature regimes (day/night) of 20/14 (T1), 26/20 (T2), 32/26 (T3), and 38/32 C (T4) imposed from the time of peg penetration into the soil until maturity on growth and development of three spanish genotypes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was investigated in a greenhouse. Soil temperature treatments were imposed by placing pots with individual plants in large temperature-controlled water baths. With increasing soil temperature from T1 to T3, leaves, stems and lateral roots became thinner. The leaf area increased from T1 to T3. The lateral root length increased up to maturity more at higher than at lower temperatures. The number of mature pods per plant, mature single seed mass, and therefore mature total seed mass per plant were highest at the intermediate temperature regimes, less at the warmest, and lowest at the coldest treatment. In early reproductive stages, pod inititation rate increased with decreasing soil temperature. Total pod growth and development of mature pods was lowest in T1, although pod initiation was high. Suboptimal soil temperatures slowed pod filling and maturation. At T4, one reason for the lower mature pod number compared to the intermediate temperature treatments seems to be the low pod initiation rate at early reproductive stages. These responses to temperature suggest agronomic management and genetic options for increasing yield at nonoptimal soil temperatures, such as irrigation during pod initiation stage when soil temperatures are high.

Local temperature optimum of N2O production rates in tropical rain forest soils of Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Breuer ◽  
Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
N Turnover ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Laboratory experiments are well-accepted approaches to study the temperature dependency of soil N-turnover processes under defined boundary conditions. However, many of these experiments have several drawbacks: the soil temperature regimes investigated are far wider than the span of soil temperatures observed in the field, the increments of the sampled soil temperatures are wide and may hide interesting details such as non-linear reaction of N-turnover processes, and due to the successive sampling over several days nutrient supply and soil moisture conditions change over time. The first 2 drawbacks are especially important when investigating soil samples from tropical rain forests as these sites are characterised by only small temperature amplitudes. Here we show an approach that allows the study of N-turnover processes at realistic soil temperature regimes observed in the field and small temperature increments within a short period of time. N2O production rates are measured for soil samples from 3 tropical rain forest sites in Queensland, Australia. Kinetics of N2O production follow exponential increases with increasing soil temperatures but are additionally characterised by local temperature optima at 2 of the 3 sites. The temperature response of N2O production rates at these 2 sites can be best described by the use of a combined exponential and optimum temperature function, which improves the coefficient of determination from 1% and 13% to 95% and 99%, respectively. The results further indicate that the microbial processes responsible for N2O production are well adapted to the mean annual temperature conditions of these sites. Successful application of the combined exponential and optimum function to other published results of N-turnover studies support this assumption.

Characteristics of prescribed burns and resultant short-term environmental changes in Populus tremuloides woodland in southern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 1782-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Smith ◽  
T. D. James
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Soil Temperatures

In a series of prescribed burns of low intensity and short duration in southern Ontario, wind speed, amount of fuel, and fuel moisture were important environmental controls of fire severity. A heterogenous pattern of burning, related to clumping in the vegetation and to a hummock–hollow microtopography presumably affected and was perpetuated in the reestablishing postfire vegetation.Removal of vegetation cover and surface litter plus surface albedo changes resulted in increased soil temperature 2 months after burning. These increases were short-lived and soil temperatures were close to those of unburned areas 4 months after the prescribed fires. Despite their small magnitude and short duration, the soil temperature increases could have an important stimulatory effect on regenerating vegetation.Significant increases in levels of readily available forms of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium at surface soil depths immediately after burning could have been depleted through uptake by vegetation and microorganisms. Portions of the nutrients were removed, also, by erosion of fly ash during burning, leaching to subsurface depths, and through fixation in unavailable form.

Seasonal soil temperature regimes in south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Watson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The soil temperature regimes of 15 locations in south-eastern Australia were categorized by using criteria adopted by the US. Soil Taxonomy. On the basis of mean annual and seasonal soil temperatures from depths of 50-61 cm, all sites but one were classed as thermic, having mean annual soil temperatures between 15� and 22�C and seasonal differences of more than 5�C. Mean annual and seasonal soil temperatures were significantly correlated with the corresponding mean air temperatures. Estimates of soil temperature regimes at other similar locations in the region may therefore be made, provided the appropriate air temperature data are available. It appears that the thermic category will not apply to certain areas of southern Victoria or to the high altitude areas of the Great Dividing Range, that extend from western Victoria through to northern New South Wales.

Using low cost sensors to assess soil temperature response to summer heatwaves in urban greenspaces.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Hannam ◽  
Carolyn Nandozi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Regulatory Effects

<p>Urban green spaces regulate city air temperatures, particularly mediating the urban heat island effect. Urban below ground temperature regulation is less studied, but known to have a significant effect on urban heating by regulating temperature through heat transfer and thermal conductivity. The impacts of climate change, such as the increased frequency and intensity of heatwaves, will exacerbate urban heating effects, having significant impact on urban citizens. We installed low cost temperature sensors in topsoils across a gradient of urban green spaces (parking lots, rewilded areas, managed grassland, biodiversity plots, woodland) in the Cranfield Urban Observatory (UK). The soil temperture sensors measured continously during June and July 2019 and included two periods of record breaking heatwaves in Europe in late June and July.  As expected, the results showed significant variations in soil temperature between the urban green space types, where parking lot soils showed higher and flasher temperature regimes compared with all other green spaces.  Urban woodland had significant dampening effects on soil temperatures. The managed green spaces responsed differently to the heatwave events and grassland soils retained heat for longer compared with areas planted with wildflower mixes (biodiversity plots).  Therefore, urban planning should prioritise the type of green spaces within urban developments to take into account the different regulatory effects of heat, particulaly under the projected effects of a changing climate.</p>

Effects of soil temperature and tuber depth onCyperusspp. control

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlene A. Chase ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Salvadore J. Locascio
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Ldpe Film ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Residual Control

Studies were conducted to determine lethal temperatures forCyperus esculentusandCyperus rotundustubers using diurnal oscillations in soil temperature with maxima of 40, 45, 50, and 55 C and a minimum of 26 C. Growth ofCyperusspp. plants was faster at 40 C than at a constant temperature of 26 C. The 45 C treatment delayedCyperusspp. emergence but was not lethal to tubers. Tuber mortality was 100% for bothCyperusspp. with the 50 and 55 C temperature regimes. Soil solarization with thermal-infrared-retentive (TIR) films resulted in higher soil temperatures than with a 30-μm low-density polyethylene (LDPE) clear film. With TIR films, greater proportions of emergedC. rotundusplants were killed by foliar scorching, and 6 wk of soil solarization was more effective at reducingC. rotundusdensity than with the LDPE film. Four weeks after film removal, the lowest level of control was obtained with the LDPE film. ForC. rotundustubers planted 5 and 10 cm deep, 62% control was obtained with the LDPE film, and it decreased to 32% with a 15-cm planting depth. The best residual control was 95 and 92% with the 75-and 100-μm TIR films, respectively. With the TIR films, there was no significant change inC. rotunduscontrol with planting depth.

scholarly journals Social exclusion increases the executive function of attention networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huoyin Zhang ◽  
Shiyunmeng Zhang ◽  
Jiachen Lu ◽  
Yi Lei ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

AbstractPrevious studies in humans have shown that brain regions activating social exclusion overlap with those related to attention. However, in the context of social exclusion, how does behavioral monitoring affect individual behavior? In this study, we used the Cyberball game to induce the social exclusion effect in a group of participants. To explore the influence of social exclusion on the attention network, we administered the Attention Network Test (ANT) and compared results for the three subsystems of the attention network (orienting, alerting, and executive control) between exclusion (N = 60) and inclusion (N = 60) groups. Compared with the inclusion group, the exclusion group showed shorter overall response time and better executive control performance, but no significant differences in orienting or alerting. The excluded individuals showed a stronger ability to detect and control conflicts. It appears that social exclusion does not always exert a negative influence on individuals. In future research, attention to network can be used as indicators of social exclusion. This may further reveal how social exclusion affects individuals' psychosomatic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Simulation of Daily Mean Soil Temperatures for Agricultural Land Use Considering Limited Input Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Philipp Grabenweger ◽  
Branislava Lalic ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Jan Balek ◽  
Erwin Murer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Limited Input Data

A one-dimensional simulation model that simulates daily mean soil temperature on a daily time-step basis, named AGRISOTES (AGRIcultural SOil TEmperature Simulation), is described. It considers ground coverage by biomass or a snow layer and accounts for the freeze/thaw effect of soil water. The model is designed for use on agricultural land with limited (and mostly easily available) input data, for estimating soil temperature spatial patterns, for single sites (as a stand-alone version), or in context with agrometeorological and agronomic models. The calibration and validation of the model are carried out on measured soil temperatures in experimental fields and other measurement sites with various climates, agricultural land uses and soil conditions in Europe. The model validation shows good results, but they are determined strongly by the quality and representativeness of the measured or estimated input parameters to which the model is most sensitive, particularly soil cover dynamics (biomass and snow cover), soil pore volume, soil texture and water content over the soil column.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document