scholarly journals Factors Associated with Structure Loss in the 2013–2018 California Wildfires

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra D. Syphard ◽  
Jon E. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Defensible Space ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The North ◽  
Building Inspectors ◽  
Space Distance

Tens of thousands of structures and hundreds of human lives have been lost in recent fire events throughout California. Given the potential for these types of wildfires to continue, the need to understand why and how structures are being destroyed has taken on a new level of urgency. We compiled and analyzed an extensive dataset of building inspectors’ reports documenting homeowner mitigation practices for more than 40,000 wildfire-exposed structures from 2013–2018. Comparing homes that survived fires to homes that were destroyed, we investigated the role of defensible space distance, defensive actions, and building structural characteristics, statewide and parsed into three broad regions. Overall, structural characteristics explained more of a difference between survived and destroyed structures than defensible space distance. The most consistently important structural characteristics—having enclosed eaves, vent screens, and multi-pane windows—were those that potentially prevented wind-born ember penetration into structures, although multi-pane windows are also known to protect against radiant heat. In the North-Interior part of the state, active firefighting was the most important reason for structure survival. Overall, the deviance explained for any given variable was relatively low, suggesting that other factors need to be accounted for to understand the full spectrum of structure loss contributors. Furthermore, while destroyed homes were preferentially included in the study, many “fire-safe” structures, having > 30 m defensible space or fire-resistant building materials, were destroyed. Thus, while mitigation may play an important role in structure survival, additional strategies should be considered to reduce future structure loss.

scholarly journals Secondary convective rings in an intense asymmetric cyclone of the Bay or Bengal

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
AKHILESH GUPTA ◽  
U. C. MOHANTY
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Cyclonic Storm ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT. The severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds of 4-11 May 1990, which crossed the Indian east coast near Machilipatnarn (Andhra Pradesh), was one of the most intense cyclones in recent years over the Bay of Bengal region of the north Indian Ocean. The storm reported the minimum sea level pressure of 912 hPa, the lowest observed value for any cyclone in the region. The storm exhibited certain interesting structural characteristics. The most striking  feature observed was the formation of secondary convective rings wrapped around the primary eyewall. These features were observed for nearly two days by four cyclone detection radars (CDR) located on the east coast of India. The paper presents an analysis of these features. We find that the double eye-wall structure of the storm has undergone a repetitive cycle characterized by the contraction of the outer eyewall and the weakening of the inner eyewall during the life of the cyclone. These interesting characteristics are observed for the first time in the north Indian Ocean for any cyclone. Some of the related aspects of double eyewall features, such as, the possible role of double eyewall structure on the recurvature or turning of the storm and the effect of land obstacle in the development of a secondary eyewall are discussed.        

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Material-Protection Sustainability Relationship on the Identity of Traditional Settlements

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Müjgan Bahtiyar Karatosun ◽  
Tuba Nur Olğun
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
Cultural Structure

Settlements are important units that contain different features in their structure. In addition to elements such as topography, climate, vegetation, and socio-cultural structure, the character and identity of these settlements are shaped by structural characteristics, spatial fiction and building materials within the settlement. Particularly in the traditional settlement textures, material as stone, wood or adobe is an important parameter that influences the characteristics and identity of these areas. In this context, material is undoubtedly one of the most defining features of the identity of the settlement which is with structures built using adobe. Adobe is effective on many different issues in traditional settlements. In this context, adobe, a local material, is a decisive factor in the character and identity of traditional settlements, especially as it reflects traditional construction practices and is unique. The aim of this study is to examine the role of adobe in the formation of the characteristic of the settlements and to develop suggestions for the sustainability of this characteristic. In the scope of the study, as first, the definitions of protection and sustainability concepts and their place in the literature will be covered. Then the concepts will be considered as material-oriented. Following these reviews, material-focused conservation and sustainability will be detailed in the sample settlement. In this context, adobe settlements in Malatya / Turkey region will be discussed. It is believed that the study will contribute to the protection of these settlements by examining the qualifications of material, which is an important characteristic of traditional settlements.

scholarly journals Professional who attended childbirth and breastfeeding in the first hour of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Araújo Tavares Silva ◽  
Vânia Matos Fonseca ◽  
Maria Inês Couto de Oliveira ◽  
Kátia Silveira da Silva ◽  
Eloane Gonçalves Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The North ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
Significant Independent Factor ◽  
Period Data

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the association between the professionals who attended vaginal delivery and breastfeeding in the first hour of life. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Nascer no Brasil (Born in Brazil) survey, conducted in the 2011-2012 period. Data from 8,466 puerperae were analyzed using a logistic regression model with a hierarchical approach. Results: The proportion of mothers who breastfed at birth was higher in deliveries attended by nurses (70%). A nurse-assisted delivery was 64% more likely to breastfeed in the first hour of life. Other factors associated with the outcome: residing in the North; age less than 35 years; multiparity; prenatal guidance on breastfeeding in the first hour of life; birth at Baby-Friendly Hospital; companion at birth; and female newborn. Conclusions: Obstetrician nurse/nurse-assisted delivery was a significant independent factor associated with breastfeeding in the first hour of life, suggesting the importance of strengthening the role of the obstetrician nurse.

Role of the Structural Characteristics of Dendrimers in the Manifestation of the Antiamyloid Properties

INEOS OPEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
Yu. Yu. Stroilova ◽  
V. I. Muronets ◽  
Z. B. Shifrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Short Review ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Amyloid Aggregation ◽  
Amyloid Proteins ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Aggregation Processes

Among the compounds able to efficiently inhibit the amyloid aggregation of proteins and decompose the amyloid aggregates that cause neurodegenerative diseases, of particular interest are dendrimers, which represent individual macromolecules with the hypercrosslinked architectures and given molecular parameters. This short review outlines the peculiarities of the antiamyloid activity of dendrimers and discusses the effect of dendrimer structures and external factors on their antiamyloid properties. The potential of application of dendrimers in further investigations on the aggregation processes of amyloid proteins as the compounds that exhibit the remarkable antiamyloid activity is evaluated.

The Inherited Past of the Broch: On Antiquarian Discourse and Contemporary Archaeology

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW BAINES
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
The North

In reading archaeological texts, we expect to be engaged in a characteristically archaeological discourse, with a specific and recognisable structure and vocabulary. In evaluating the published work of 19th Century antiquarians, we will inevitably look for points of contact between their academic language and our own; success or failure in the identification of such points of contact may prompt us to recognise a nascent archaeology in some writings, while dismissing others as naïve or absurd. With this point in mind, this paper discusses the written and material legacies of three 19th Century antiquarians in the north of Scotland who worked on a particular monument type, the broch. The paper explores the degree to which each has been admitted as an influence on the development of the broch as a type. It then proceeds to compare this established typology with the author's experiences, in the field, of the sites it describes. In doing so, the paper addresses wider issues concerning the role of earlier forms of archaeological discourse in the development of present day archaeological classifications of, and of the problems of reconciling such classifications with our experiences of material culture.

Training of Village Teachers in Vilna Educational District in the 1860s and 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Anna A. Komzolova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

One of the results of the educational reform of the 1860s was the formation of the regular personnel of village teachers. In Vilna educational district the goal was not to invite teachers from central Russia, but to train them on the spot by establishing special seminaries. Trained teachers were supposed to perform the role of «cultural brokers» – the intermediaries between local peasants and the outside world, between the culture of Russian intelligentsia and the culture of the Belarusian people. The article examines how officials and teachers of Vilna educational district saw the role of rural teachers as «cultural brokers» in the context of the linguistic and cultural diversity of the North-Western Provinces. According to them, the graduates of the pedagogical seminaries had to remain within the peasant estate and to keep in touch with their folk «roots». The special «mission» of the village teachers was in promoting the ideas of «Russian elements» and historical proximity to Russia among Belarusian peasants.

Peranan Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Perwakilan Sumatera Utara Dalam Pengawasan Pelayanan Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Kota Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Putri Ananda Sari ◽  
Abdul Kadir ◽  
Beby Mashito Batu Bara
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
First Report ◽  
The North ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Sumatra

This study aims to determine the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in North Sumatra Representative in the Supervision of Population and Civil Registry Service in Medan City. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods describing information about the data obtained from the field in the form of written and oral data from the parties studied. Data is collected based on interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in North Sumatra was carried out in the form of external supervision. External supervision is supervision carried out by the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia Representative of North Sumatra to the Medan Population and Civil Registry Service. Actions taken in the supervision process are incoming reports, follow-up of the first report and follow-up of the report. Based on the research that has been carried out, it has been concluded that the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in the North Sumatra Representative in supervising the service provider of the Population and Civil Registry services is carried out in the form of external supervision. In supervising the handling of public reports of alleged poor service in the area of population administration, it has been effective, with several efforts to handle reports such as: (1) Clarification; (2) Investigation; (3) Recommendations; (4) Monitoring.

СТРУКТУРА, МОДЕЛИ И СТРАТЕГИИ УЧАСТИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ СООБЩЕСТВ В КОНФЛИКТАХ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
А. И. Кольба ◽  
Н. В. Кольба
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
City Government ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The City

The article describes the structural characteristics of the urban communities of the city of Krasnodar and the related features that impact their participation in urban conflicts. This issue is considered in a number of scientific publications, but there is a need to expand the empirical base of such studies. On the base of expert interviews conducted with both city activists, their counterparty (representatives of the municipal government) and external observers (journalists), the parameters of urban communities functioning in the process of their interaction with other conflict actors are revealed. The communities characteristics such as the predominantly territorial principle of formation, the overlap of online and offline communications in their activities, the presence of a “core” with a relatively low number of permanent participants and others are determined. Their activities are dominated by neighborly and civilian models of participation in conflicts. The possibilities of realizing one’s own interests through political interactions (participation in elections, the activities of representative bodies of power, political parties) are not yet sufficiently understood. Urban communities, as a rule, operate within the framework of conventional forms of participation in solving urgent problems, although in some cases it is possible to use confrontational methods, in particular, protest ones. In this regard, the most often used compromise, with the desire for cooperation, a strategy of behavior in interaction with opponents. The limited activating role of conflicts in the activities of communities has been established. The weak manifestation of the civil and especially political component in their activities determines the preservation of a low level of political subjectivity. This factor restrains the growth of urban communities resources and the possibility of applying competitive strategies in interaction with city government and business.

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