scholarly journals Properties of Mexican Tropical Palm Oil Flower and Fruit Fibers for Their Prospective Use in Eco-Friendly Construction Material

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Daniel Levacher ◽  
Nathalie Leblanc ◽  
Hafida Zmamou ◽  
Irini Djeran-Maigre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Fiber Axis

The palm oil industry is the leading source of palm oil waste fibers. The disposal of palm oil waste fibers by burning or dumping causes environmental issues such as the emission of CO2 and a diminution in soil fertility. Natural fiber reuse in construction materials such as concrete, mortar and adobe bricks as reinforcement provides a possible eco-friendly solution for fiber waste management. Palm oil flower fibers (POFL) obtained from palm oil empty fruit bunches and palm oil fruit fibers (POFR) obtained from palm oil fruit are two important types of palm oil fibers. Valorization of palm oil fibers requires a detailed analysis of their physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics. In this research, tropical palm oil flower and palm oil fruit fibers from Mexico were studied. Fiber extraction, preparation and testing were performed to observe their characteristics, which include water absorption, density, length, section estimation, chemical composition, thermal conductivity, thermal analysis (ATG) and tensile strength. The length, diameter and density of natural fibers have a significant influence on the strength and quality of composite materials. The characteristics of fibers vary with their chemical composition. Mechanical testing of palm oil fibers indicates a large variation in the tensile strength of palm oil flower and fruit fibers. Both palm oil flower and palm oil fruit fibers exhibit bilinear tensile load–deflection behavior associated with the alignment of cellulose along their fiber axis. The thermal characteristics of fibers indicate low thermal stability and thermal conductivity, which are essential for their use in building materials.

Effect of Saturation on Thermal Conductivity of Granular Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Hussein H. Humaish ◽  
Asad H. Aldefae ◽  
Wissam H. Humaish
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Transient Technique ◽  
Theoretical Results

Thermal conductivity is one of the most important properties of construction materials due to change the structure and the chemical composition of these materials particularly in hot weathers. Thermal conductivity testing of building materials in situ provides useful database about of temperature, moisture and conditions of storage. In this paper, thermal conductivity of Huston sand has been investigated for dry and saturation status by transient technique. TP02 Hukseflux probe used to calculate thermal conductivity of Huston sand. TP02 Hukseflux probe has been calibrated by Glycerol and compare with results from art-of-literature. The results showed that the value of thermal conductivity during the saturation is more than the dry state. This is identical to reality as the parameter is strongly influenced by presence of water. Comsol Multiphysics® simulation has been used to validate the experimental test. Slightly difference is marked between the experimental and theoretical results

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Oil Palm Decanter Cake Natural Polymer Composite (OPDC-NPC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aqif Adam ◽  
Alawi Sulaiman ◽  
Che Mohd Som Said ◽  
Ayub M. Som ◽  
Azhari Samsu Bahruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Decanter Cake

Palm oil industry produces huge amount of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Currently it is not yet commercialized however due to its characteristics, it can be used to produce oil palm decanter cake natural polymer composite (OPDC-NPC). NPC is a type of material made by combining natural fiber with polymer. Therefore the objective of this paper is to produce NPC from OPDC and then determine its mechanical and physical properties such as elasticity, stiffness, tensile strength and water absorption rate. The OPDC samples were collected from Felda Trolak Palm Oil Mill. Prior to NPC development, the oil was removed from OPDC using hexane soxhlet extraction method. OPDC-NPC was fabricated using molding method where the mixture of 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% OPDC were mixed using twin-screw extruder. The results showed that OPDC-NPC has an elasticity of 2231 MPa, stiffness of 30 MPa, tensile strength of 32 MPa and water absorption rate of 0.16 % which was slightly better with the other types of fibers.

Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Hosta Ardhyananta ◽  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Feisha Fadila Rifki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

scholarly journals PENYULUHAN DAN PERCONTOHAN PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH PLASTIK UNTUK MATERIAL BAHAN BANGUNAN DI LINGKUNGAN RPTRA, JAKARTA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Kurniawati ◽  
Lisa Oksri Nelfia ◽  
Ade Okvianti Irlan ◽  
Indrawati Sumeru
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Public Road ◽  
House Construction ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Construction is growing rapidly nowadays. Buildings, housing, industry/business centers and highways will require natural aggregates which are natural resources that cannot be renewed. Therefore, we need replacement materials able to replace these natural aggregate. The large amount of plastic waste in fields, based on existing data, causes environmental pollution through it can be reused and useful for building and road construction. Most of communities don’t even know the plastic waste processing technology that allow their use in the construction of house construction such as floors, walls, roofs, and hinges and also road construction with not heavy road loads. The purpose of this activity is to provide the knowledge to the people of RPTRA related to technology for the use of plastic waste for building materials and also road construction in the area in the RPTRA environment considering it is not a public road and hence, with not heavy vehicle. The method used is firstly observation and interview of several houses visited. Then activities about using different types of plastic waste as construction materials. Finally, evaluation of the progress of the project by conducting a survey to people who had met the criteria of being a member of the plastic waste program. The success of this program will be the people’s understanding and a significate growing of any highvalue plastic use as construction material. The benefit of this community service is to increase the knowledge and insight of the people of RPTRA, South Meruya, and West Jakarta City, related to environmentally friendly technologies such as plastic waste processing.

scholarly journals Assessing the long term effects on climate change of metallurgical slags valorization as construction material: a comparison between static and dynamic global warming impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-111
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Maria ◽  
◽  
Annie Levasseur ◽  
Karel Van Acker ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stainless Steel Slag ◽  
Environmental Evaluation

<abstract> <p>The interest in circular economy for the construction sector is constantly increasing, and Global Warming Potential (GWP) is often used to assess the carbon footprint of buildings and building materials. However, GWP presents some methodological challenges when assessing the environmental impacts of construction materials. Due to the long life of construction materials, GWP calculation should take into consideration also time-related aspects. However, in the current GWP, any temporal information is lost, making traditional static GWP better suited for retrospective assessment rather than forecasting purposes. Building on this need, this study uses a time-dependent GWP to assess the carbon footprint of two newly developed construction materials, produced through the recycling of industrial residues (stainless steel slag and industrial goethite). The results for both materials are further compared with the results of traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based concrete, presenting similar characteristics. The results of the dynamic GWP (D_GWP) are also compared to the results of traditional static GWP (S_GWP), to see how the methodological development of D_GWP may influence the final environmental evaluation for construction materials. The results show the criticality of the recycling processes, especially in the case of goethite valorization. The analysis shows also that, although the D_GWP did not result in a shift in the ranking between the three materials compared with S_GWP, it provides a clearer picture of emission flows and their effect on climate change over time.</p> </abstract>

Influence of Palm Oil Fibers Length Variation on Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Crude Bricks

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Daniel Levacher ◽  
Nathalie Leblanc ◽  
Hafida Zmamou ◽  
Irini Djeran Maigre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Crude bricks are composite materials manufactured with sediments and natural fibers. Natural fibers are waste materials and used in construction materials for reinforcement. Their reuse in manufacturing reinforced crude bricks is eco-friendly and improves mechanical and thermal characteristics of crude bricks. Factors such as type of fibers, percentage of fibers, length of fibers and distribution of fibers inside the bricks have significant effect on mechanical, physical and thermal properties of biobased composite materials. It can be observed by tests such as indirect tensile strength, compressive strength for mechanical characteristics, density, shrinkage, color for physical properties, thermal conductivity and resistivity for thermal properties, and inundation test for durability of crude bricks. In this study, mechanical and physical characteristics of crude bricks reinforced with palm oil fibers are investigated and effect of change in percentage and length of fibers is observed. Crude bricks of size 4*4*16 cm3 are manufactured with dredged sediments from Usumacinta River, Mexico and reinforced with palm oil fibers at laboratory scale. For this purpose, sediments and palm oil fibers characteristics were studied. Length of fibers used is 2cm and 3cm. Bricks manufacturing steps such as sediments fibers mixing, moulding, compaction and drying are elaborated. Dynamic compaction is opted for compaction of crude bricks due to energy control. Indirect tensile strength and compressive strength tests are conducted to identify the mechanical characteristics of crude bricks. Physical properties of bricks are studied through density and shrinkage. Durability of crude bricks is observed with inundation test. Thermal properties are studied with thermal conductivity and resistivity test. Distribution and orientation of fibers and fibers counting are done to observe the homogeneity of fibers inside the crude bricks. Finally, comparison between the mechanical characteristics of crude bricks manufactured with 2cm and 3cm length with control specimen was made.

Carbon fiber reinforced tin-superconductor composites

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Ho ◽  
D. D. L. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Continuous Carbon Fiber

Unidirectional and continuous carbon fiber tin-matrix composites were used for the packaging of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7–δ by diffusion bonding at 170 °C and 500 psi. Tin served as the adhesive and to increase the ductility, the normal-state electrical conductivity, and the thermal conductivity. Carbon fibers served to increase the strength and the modulus, both in tension along the fiber direction and in compression perpendicular to the fiber layers, though they decreased the strength in compression along the fiber direction. Carbon fibers also served to increase the thermal conductivity and the thermal fatigue resistance. At 24 vol. % fibers, the tensile strength was approximately equal to the compressive strength perpendicular to the fiber layers. With further increase of the fiber content, the tensile strength exceeded the compressive strength perpendicular to the fiber layers, reaching 134 MPa at 31 vol. % fibers. For fiber contents less than 30 vol. %, the compressive ductility perpendicular to the fiber layers exceeded that of the plain superconductor. At 30 vol. % fibers, the tensile modulus reached 15 GPa at room temperature and 27 GPa at 77 K. The tensile load was essentially sustained by the carbon fibers and the superconducting behavior was maintained after tension almost to the point of tensile fracture. Neither Tc nor Jc was affected by the composite processing.

The Interpretation and Inheritance of Green Local Building Material System in Modern Architecture - Case Study of Century Fishing Village Eelgrass Cottage Resort in Dayu Island, Shidao Bay, Jiaodong Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Ying Ding ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Material System ◽  
Fishing Village ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
New Buildings

Dayu island sea cottage is the most typical carrier of the fish culture in the coastal area of Jiaodong. In recent years, economic development, changes in fishermen's living habits led to a the dismantling of a large number of traditional sea cottages and gradual disappearing of unique Dayu island building materials system comprising of eelgrass roof, local granite stone wall and soil kang chimney. In order to protect the local cultural characteristics so they can be passed down, the paper sorted out the original traditional eelgrass cottage building material system. The project of Century Fishing Village Eelgrass Cottage Resort represents experimentation and innovation on the original material system, forming a novel construction material system. Such a system not only satisfies the requirement of new buildings on thermal insulation, energy and space conservation, but also enhances safety and resistance to wind, erosion. The wide adoption of the new material system in new buildings enhances the technique of integrating traditional construction materials and modern architecture in both form and function, making it an ideal design strategy.

A Study on the Establishment of Demolition Waste DB System by BIM-Based Building Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Woo Park ◽  
Gi Wook Cha ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Hyun Cheol Seo
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Item List ◽  
Design Construction

Recently, BIM (Building Information Modeling) became mandatory in Korea, and BIM started to be implemented in construction area. It is a design tool for maximizing the efficiency of design, construction, and maintenance throughout the entire lifecycle, but there are not many studies about the demolition wastes (DW) in the demolition stage. This study gathered basic data concerning the development of a database of DW disposed in the demolition stage using BIM-based building material database. For this, a BIM software, ARCHICAD, and construction material categories of the item list system of the PPS (Public Procurement Service) were analyzed to select major building materials. Based on the analysis, the disposal routes were analyzed considering the characteristics of DW. The database of DW was developed by examining the disposal routes of 52 major construction materials selected according to the characteristics of each material during demolition and selecting 7 major DW.

Study and Application of Plastic Construction Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 1117-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Quan Xue
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Low Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Building Walls

As new building materials, plastic has light weigh, corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, waterproof, energy-saving, molding convenient, high recycling characteristic, widely used in building materials. According to the research of improving its flame retardancy, strength, thermal insulation, waterproof properties, the application of plastic use in doors and windows, pipeline, building walls and roofs of buildings, etc. were reviewed, and the developing direction was discussed.

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