scholarly journals Thermoplastic Starch Films Added with Dry Nopal (Opuntia Ficus Indica) Fibers

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Scognamiglio ◽  
Daniele Mirabile Gattia ◽  
Graziella Roselli ◽  
Franca Persia ◽  
Ugo De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

Dry fibers coming from garden waste, originating from Opuntia ficus indica, were introduced in amounts of either 8 or 16 wt % into a self-produced thermoplastic starch (TPS) based on potato starch and glycerol. Thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), mechanical (tensile tests), and morphological characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and performing energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (microanalysis) were carried out. The results indicated that the uneven distribution and variable geometry of fibers introduced led to a reduction of tensile stress and strain with respect to pure TPS. However, the positive effects of prolonged mixing and increased thickness were highlighted, which suggest the fabrication of the composite could be improved in the future by controlling the manufacturing procedure.

scholarly journals THERMAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTES FROM STARCH OF DIFFERENT BOTANICAL ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (38) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Alvaro ARRIETA
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Biopolymer Electrolytes ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Biopolymer Electrolyte

Background: Solid biopolymer electrolytes are a type of material with high technological potential used in the development of solar cells, batteries, fuel cells, among others, due to their biodegradable nature and low environmental impact. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the botanical origin of the starch used to prepare solid biopolymeric electrolyte films on its electrochemical and thermal properties and to establish the variations in thermal decomposition temperatures and redox potentials depending on the botanical origin of the starch used. Methods: Films of solid biopolymer electrolyte were made by thermochemical synthesis processes using corn starch, cassava starch, potato starch, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, and glutaraldehyde as plasticizers and lithium perchlorate salt. The synthesis solutions were taken to an oven at 70 °C for 48 hours. The films were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry using a dry electrochemical cell and thermally by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the electrochemical behavior of the films was similar in terms of registered redox processes. However, the potential values of the oxidation and reduction were different, as are the stability and intensity of the processes. On the other hand, the thermal analysis allowed establishing two decomposition processes in each of the films studied; the first process was due to dehydration and depolymerization phenomena in the films. The temperatures recorded were 59.0 °C, 58.9 °C, and 89.9 °C for potato starch, cassava starch, and corn starch films. The second process evidenced the thermal decomposition at different temperatures, 267.7 °C in potato starch films, 280.6 °C in corn starch films, and 287.1 °C in cassava starch films. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the botanical origin of the starch used in the synthesis of solid biopolymer electrolyte films affects its behavior and electrochemical and thermal stability.

scholarly journals Influence of Starch Composition and Molecular Weight on Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable Films

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Domene-López ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Quesada ◽  
Ignacio Martin-Gullon ◽  
Mercedes G. Montalbán
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Starch Films

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) films are considered one of the most promising alternatives for replacing synthetic polymers in the packaging field due to the starch biodegradability, low cost, and abundant availability. However, starch granule composition, expressed in terms of amylose content and phosphate monoesters, and molecular weight of starch clearly affects some film properties. In this contribution, biodegradable TPS films made from potato, corn, wheat, and rice starch were prepared using the casting technique. The effect of the grain structure of each starch on microstructure, transparency, hydration properties, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the films, was evaluated. Potato starch films were the most transparent and corn starch films the most opaque. All the films had homogeneous internal structures—highly amorphous and with no pores, both of which point to a good starch gelatinization process. The maximum tensile strength (4.48–8.14 MPa), elongation at break (35.41–100.34%), and Young’s modulus (116.42–294.98 MPa) of the TPS films were clearly influenced by the amylose content, molecular weight, and crystallinity of the film. In this respect, wheat and corn starch films, are the most resistant and least stretchable, while rice starch films are the most extensible but least resistant. These findings show that all the studied starches can be considered suitable for manufacturing resistant and flexible films with similar properties to those of synthetic low-density polyethylene (LDPE), by a simple and environmentally-friendly process.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotubes (PP/CNTs) Nanocomposites as Potential Strain Gauges for Structural Health Monitoring

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartolomeo Coppola ◽  
Luciano Di Maio ◽  
Loredana Incarnato ◽  
Jean-Marc Tulliani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Impedance Variation ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

Polypropylene/carbon nanotubes (PP/CNTs) nanocomposites with different CNTs concentrations (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) were prepared and tested as strain gauges for structures monitoring. Such sensors were embedded in cementitious mortar prisms and tested in 3-point bending mode recording impedance variation at increasing load. First, thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)), mechanical (tensile tests) and morphological (FE-SEM) properties of nanocomposites blends were assessed. Then, strain-sensing tests were carried out on PP/CNTs strips embedded in cementitious mortars. PP/CNTs nanocomposites blends with CNTs content of 1, 2 and 3 wt% did not show significant results because these concentrations are below the electrical percolation threshold (EPT). On the contrary, PP/CNTs nanocomposites with 5 and 7 wt% of CNTs showed interesting sensing properties. In particular, the best result was highlighted for the PP/CNT nanocomposite with 5 wt% CNTs for which an average gauge factor (GF) of approx. 1400 was measured. Moreover, load-unload cycles reported a good recovery of the initial impedance. Finally, a comparison with some literature results, in terms of GF, was done demonstrating the benefits deriving from the use of PP/CNTs strips as strain-gauges instead of using conductive fillers in the bulk matrix.

Composite materials derived from biodegradable starch polymer and Atriplex halimus fibers

e-Polymers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayet Latifa Boudjema ◽  
Hayet Bendaikha
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Atriplex Halimus ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

AbstractBiocomposites from starch and cellulose fibers have gained renewed interest as environmentally friendly materials and as biodegradable renewable resources for a sustainable development. In this study, natural fibers were extracted from a Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) plant found abundantly in North Africa. The composites were prepared by a solution casting method from corn starch using 0–15 wt.% of micro-cellulose fibers as a filler. The structure of the composites was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physical properties of the composites were determined by mechanical tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis and water absorption. The results showed that higher fiber content raised the elastic modulus by 92% and the temperature of degradation by up to 355°C. Optical microscopy revealed a good adhesion between the matrix and the fibers owing to their chemical similarities. Water uptake measurements showed that the composites had a much better water resistance and a more hydrophobic character than pure thermoplastic starch films. Biodegradability tests confirmed that the prepared composites are an environmentally safe material suited for different applications.

scholarly journals Effect of a Small Amount of Thermoplastic Starch Blend on the Mechanical Recycling of Conventional Plastics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Åkesson ◽  
Gauthaman Kuzhanthaivelu ◽  
Martin Bohlén
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break

Abstract The usage of bioplastics could increase in the future which may cause contamination of the waste streams of conventional plastics. The objective of this study was to investigate if a small amount of biopolymer contaminating conventional polymers would significantly affect mechanical and thermal properties. A starch-based plastic was first compounded by blending plasticised starch with PLA (polylactic acid). This polymer blend was subsequently compounded with HDPE (high density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene) or PET (polyethylene terephthalate) at 0%, 1% and 5% of the biopolymer. The compounds were characterised by tensile tests, Charpy impact tests, DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy). Tests showed that PE and PP were not significantly affected in terms of tensile strength and modulus but the elongation at break showed a strong reduction. PET was, on the other hand, incompatible with the starch-based plastic. Already at 1% contamination, PET had lost most of its impact strength.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Films Added with Mucilage from Opuntia Ficus Indica: Mechanical, Microstructural and Thermal Characterization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Scognamiglio ◽  
Daniele Mirabile Gattia ◽  
Graziella Roselli ◽  
Franca Persia ◽  
Ugo De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Plasticization Effect ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
The One ◽  
Loading Modes

Opuntia cladodes are a typical vegetable waste, from which mucilage in gel form can be extracted. This work proposes blending it with a self-produced thermoplastic starch (TPS), originating from potato starch with a high content in glycerol (ca. 30%). Three methods were compared for extraction, bare maceration (MA), mechanical blending (ME) and mechanical blending following maceration (MPM) to produce films with an approximate thickness of 150 μm. For the comparison, tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used. The MPM process proved the most effective, not only for extraction yielding, but also to obtain a larger deformation of the samples with respect to the one allowed by the pure TPS films. A considerable plasticization effect was observed. Despite this, the mechanical performance is still not completely satisfactory, and the expected effect of the calcium and magnesium salts contained in the mucilage to improve the rigidity of the TPS film was not really revealed. Prospected improvements would concern the fabrication process and the investigation of other possible loading modes and sample geometries.

scholarly journals Conductive Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Composite Filled with Waste Iron Filings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Battistelli ◽  
Diana P. Ferreira ◽  
Sofia Costa ◽  
Carlo Santulli ◽  
Raul Fangueiro
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Final Consideration ◽  
Reduced Dimension

A thermoplastic starch (TPS) was produced, starting with potato starch, glycerol and acetic acid, to shape it in films of thickness around 100 microns. To TPS iron waste filing particles, in the amount of 12% the weight of starch, were introduced in different modalities: as received, reduced in size by the use of a mortar, after treatment with hydrochloric acid, and after treatment and removal of hydrochloric acid. Morphological studies were carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopy and illustrated that the dispersion of iron filings was not optimal, though some improvement was observed by a reduced dimension of the particles. Tensile tests indicated the considerable improvement of stiffness offered by the insertion of iron particles to TPS, although the ultimate strain was reduced to less than 10%. Thermal characterization using thermogravimetry allowed revealing the three typical peaks for potato starch degradation, with only a slight decrease due to iron introduction. EDS allowed evaluating the presence of impurities in the iron filings and evidenced that the presence of iron was more effective on the surface than in the rest of the film. As a final consideration, An improvement in electrical conductivity by over an order of magnitude was obtained by the TPS+Fe+HCl film with respect to pure TPS.

scholarly journals Reusability of filtering facepiece respirators after decontamination through drying and germicidal UV irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e003110
Author(s):  
David Vernez ◽  
Jonathan Save ◽  
Anne Oppliger ◽  
Nicolas Concha-Lozano ◽  
Nancy B Hopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Particle Penetration ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Careful Design

IntroductionDuring pandemics, such as the SARS-CoV-2, filtering facepiece respirators plays an essential role in protecting healthcare personnel. The recycling of respirators is possible in case of critical shortage, but it raises the question of the effectiveness of decontamination as well as the performance of the reused respirators.MethodDisposable respirators were subjected to ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) treatment at single or successive doses of 60 mJ/cm2 after a short drying cycle (30 min, 70°C). The germicidal efficacy of this treatment was tested by spiking respirators with two staphylococcal bacteriophages (vB_HSa_2002 and P66 phages). The respirator performance was investigated by the following parameters: particle penetration (NaCl aerosol, 10–300 nm), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical tensile tests.ResultsNo viable phage particles were recovered from any of the respirators after decontamination (log reduction in virus titre >3), and no reduction in chemical or physical properties (SEM, particle penetrations <5%–6%) were observed. Increasing the UVGI dose 10-fold led to chemical alterations of the respirator filtration media (FTIR) but did not affect the physical properties (particle penetration), which was unaltered even at 3000 mJ/cm2 (50 cycles). When respirators had been used by healthcare workers and undergone decontamination, they had particle penetration significantly greater than never donned respirators.ConclusionThis decontamination procedure is an attractive method for respirators in case of shortages during a SARS pandemic. A successful implementation requires a careful design and particle penetration performance control tests over the successive reuse cycles.

scholarly journals Biocomposites Based on Thermoplastic Starch Reinforced with Recycled Paper Cellulose Fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnuay Wattanakornsiri ◽  
Sampan Tongnunui ◽  
Tongsai Jamnongkan ◽  
Claudio Migliaresi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Scanning Electron

Biocomposites sheets were prepared by compression molding from mixtures of corn starch plasticized by glycerol as matrix and cellulose fibers, extracted from used office paper, as reinforcement filler with contents ranging from 0 to 8% wt/wt of fibers to matrix. Properties of composites were determined by mechanical tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, water absorption measurement, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that higher fibers content raised the tensile strength and elastic modulus up to 109% and 112%, respectively, when compared to the non-reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS). The addition of the fibers improved the thermal resistance and decreased the water absorption up to 63.6%. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a good adhesion between matrix and fibers.

scholarly journals Influence of water addition on mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch foils

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Chocyk ◽  
Bożena Gładyszewska ◽  
Anna Ciupak ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Leszek Mościcki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Extrusion Method

Abstract The aim of this paper is to study the influence of water on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch films. Experimental observations of Young modulus and the breaking force of thermoplastic starch foils with different percentages of polyvinyl alcohol and keratin additives and screw rotation speeds are reported. Thermoplastic starch foils are prepared by the extrusion method with the bowling from potato starch and glycerol as a plasticizer. Young modulus and the breaking force were determined by the random marker method. Measurements of Young modulus and the breaking force of the films were performed after their production and after dosing with water. It was observed that in all cases Young modulus decreases after dosing with water, but the breaking force lied in the same range. Thermoplastic starch foils produced at the screw rotation speed equal to 60 r.p.m. have the best mechanical properties. The highest value of Young modulus and the breaking force were obtained for samples with a 1% keratin additive.

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