scholarly journals Composite Performance Evaluation of Basalt Textile-Reinforced Geopolymer Mortar

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiep Le Chi ◽  
Petr Louda ◽  
Su Le Van ◽  
Lukas Volesky ◽  
Vladimir Kovacic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Ageing Time ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Flexural Performance ◽  
Flexural Failure ◽  
Four Point Bending

Basalt fiber is a novel type of inorganic fiber which is produced from the extrusion of natural vocalnic basalt rocks through their melting process at high temperature. So the quality and strength characteristics of basalt fiber depend mainly on both the quality of raw material and manufacturing processing. Basalt fabric-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCM) are a novel composite and an extensive scientific investigation is still ongoing for geopolymer composite. Based on three types of basalt textile with respect to various net sizes, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the flexural performance of basalt textile-reinforced geopolymer composite through the four-point bending test. The specimens of rectangular form with the dimension of 400 × 100 × 15 mm3, reinforced with one to four layers of each type of basalt textile, were produced. They were then tested at the age of about 40 days after casting. On the other hand, the number of the specimens reinforced with four layers were considered to assess the mechanical strength of the specimens at longer periods of ageing time (60, 90, 150, 180 days). The experimental results showed that with the increasing number of reinforcing layers, the specimens significantly improved the mechanical strength, except for those reinforced with basalt textile of big net size. The specimens reinforced with basalt textile of big net size had no impact on post-crack mechanical strength, however, it helps to arrest the catastrophic brittle failure of the specimens; the failure of these specimens is due to localization of first crack. When the specimens were exposed to the further ageing times, the mechanical strength of the specimens were decreased over time. All the reinforced specimens have the same failure mode by flexural failure due to the rupture of fiber yarn in matrix, and no debonding of fiber yarn or a gradual peeling process of mortar matrix happened during testing.

scholarly journals Flexural Behavior of Carbon Textile-Reinforced Geopolymer Composite Thin Plate

Fibers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiep Le Chi ◽  
Petr Louda ◽  
Aravin Periyasamy ◽  
Totka Bakalova ◽  
Vladimir Kovacic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Four Point Bending Test ◽  
Chopped Basalt Fiber

Textile-reinforced Portland cement-based concrete has been researched and developed over the last few decades. It was widely used in a different range of applications, such as repair and/or strengthening of structural elements, thin walls, lightweight structures, façade elements, and others. Due to its varied application, this study aims to develop the carbon textile-reinforced geopolymer composite. Specimens of rectangular form with the dimensions of 400 × 100 × 15 mm3, reinforced with carbon textile, were produced. Four-point bending test was used to evaluate the effect of carbon textile on the mechanical strength of reinforced geopolymer composite based on the three factors: the different mortar compositions corresponding to the addition of the chopped basalt fiber (BF), the number of carbon textile layers, and the different thicknesses of the mortar cover layer. Besides that, a small part of the pull-out test was also considered to assess the adhesion strength at the interface between carbon textile and geopolymer mortar. The experimental results from the four-point bending test showed that the mechanical strength of composite specimens increased when the content of the chopped basalt fiber increased. With the increasing number of the textile layers, the specimens improved the flexural strength significantly. However, the flexural toughness of the specimens reinforced with three textile layers did not improve, as compared to those reinforced with two textile layers. The experimental results for the specimens related to the mortar cover thicknesses indicated that specimens with the mortar cover thickness of 2 mm provide the best strength. The experimental results from the pull-out tests showed that all the specimens have the same failure mode by slipping of the fiber yarn from the matrix.

Study on the Flexural Property of PVA-High Toughness Cementitious Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 765-768
Author(s):  
Wen Ling Tian ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Xiao Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Flexural Property ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Flexural Performance ◽  
Four Point Bending

For the compressive strength of the normal concrete is high and the tensile strength is low, it is typically brittle material. The ultimate tensile elongation of it is insufficiently 1/1000. Zhongwei Wu, an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering pointed out that compounding cementitious composites was the way to make it high-performance, and fiber reinforced was the key[1]. Polyvinyl Alcohol Engineered Cementitious Composites has super flexural performance[2] and stretching ability[3],and its ultimate deflection is approximately 40 times larger than that of normal concrete when bended, similar to the multiple cracking and super toughness of uniaxial tensile test, it shows significant bending hardening behavior in the process of the test. This paper studied its flexural property by four point bending test .

Grading of structural timber of Populus × euramericana clone I-214

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros Casado ◽  
Luis Acuña ◽  
Luis-Alfonso Basterra ◽  
Gemma Ramón-Cueto ◽  
Daniel Vecilla
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Visual Grading ◽  
Populus Euramericana ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Grading tests were performed on 338 poplar wood samples (Populus × euramericana I-214) with dimensions of 150×50 mm2, 150×80 mm2, and 200×100 mm2 prepared for structural utilization. The non-destructive testing methods included ultrasound (Sylvatest) and induced vibrations (Portable Lumber Grader) combined with visual grading criteria. Additionally, screw withdrawal resistance was tested by the instrument Fakopp. These results were compared with those obtained by a four-point bending test according to the EN 408 (2004) standard. Ultrasound and induced vibrations overestimated the quality of this type of wood. Correlation equations are proposed to determine the true characteristics for each testing method. It can be concluded that poplar timber from clone I-214 has acceptable flexural strength, but a comparatively low elastic modulus, whereby it is not graded within a high strength class according to the EN 338 (2009) standard.

scholarly journals Flexural Performance of a New Hybrid Basalt-Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Oriented to Concrete Pipelines

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Zhiyun Deng ◽  
Xinrong Liu ◽  
Ninghui Liang ◽  
Albert de la Fuente ◽  
Haoyang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Crack Width ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Flexural Performance ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete

The bending performance of a basalt-polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (HBPFRC) was characterized by testing 24,400 × 100 × 100 mm3 prismatic specimens in a four-point bending test JSCE-SF4 configuration. The type and content of both fibers were varied in order to guarantee different target levels of post-cracking flexural performance. The results evidenced that mono-micro basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) allows the increase of the flexural strength (pre-cracking stage), while macro polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PPFRC) can effectively improve both bearing capacity and ductility of the composite for a wide crack width range. Compared with the plain concrete specimens, flexural toughness and equivalent flexural strength of macro PPFRC and the hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) increased by 3.7–7.1 times and 10–42.5%, respectively. From both technical and economic points of view, the optimal mass ratio of basalt fiber (BF) to polypropylene fiber (PPF) resulted in being 1:2, with a total content of 6 kg/m3. This HFRC is seen as a suitable material to be used in sewerage pipes where cracking control (crack formation and crack width control) is of paramount importance to guarantee the durability and functionality of the pipeline as well as the ductility of the system in case of local failures.

Waste size and lay up sequence strategy for reusing/recycling carbon fiber fabric in laminate composite: Mechanical property analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110370
Author(s):  
Marcos Yutaka Shiino ◽  
Thais Carolina Gonçalves Cipó ◽  
Maurício Vicente Donadon ◽  
Alexei Essiptchouk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
A Value ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Pet Film

Carbon fiber fabrics have been largely used in composite structures as they provide high mechanical strength and potential weigh reduction, allowing more efficiency in product design. However, the production of the parts generates scraps that is discarded as a waste, becoming a challenge to recycle the carbon fiber with predictable mechanical strength. Within this context, this research analyzed strategies of laying up carbon woven fabrics based scraps, in order to reach a desirable mechanical properties in bending loading. Three types of laminates were manufactured using varied fabric size and number of discontinuities in the layup combined with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as a matrix. The obtained composites were tested under four-point-bending test and an energy-strength based analysis was conducted. This analysis explained a strategic position of fabric scrap to maximize the bending strength: providing a value of 106.33 MPa for a composite with high number of discontinuities against 83.11 MPa for another with less discontinuity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bending Properties of Sawn and Glulam Blackwood in Portugal

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Martins ◽  
Sandra Monteiro ◽  
Sofia Knapic ◽  
Alfredo Dias
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Longitudinal Vibration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Four Point Bending Test ◽  
The University ◽  
Non Destructive

Portuguese forests have changed in recent years. These changes were mainly boosted by the wildfires that affected a significant percentage of the softwood area. Data from 2015, conveyed by the Portuguese Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests, indicates that hardwoods occupy 70% of the Portuguese forest area. This paper presents the Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.) species potential, focusing on construction applications, based on recent studies performed at the University of Coimbra and SerQ—Forest Innovation and Competences Center. The valuation of Blackwood for structural applications has been considered through the non-destructive and destructive assessment of their mechanical properties as sawn wood. Their potential was also assessed for a more technologically engineered wood product, the glulam. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) was estimated through the Longitudinal Vibration Method (LVM) and the Transformed Section Method (TSM); the static MOE and bending strength were assessed through a four-point bending test. Agreement was obtained between both approaches. Sawn Portuguese Blackwood showed a density of 647 kg/m3, 13,900 MPa of MOE and a bending strength of 65 MPa (mean values). The glulam beams fabricated with this raw material had improved properties relative to sawn wood, most obviously concerning the bending strength, with an improvement of 29%. This proves the significant ability and potential of these species to be used in construction products with structural purposes like sawn wood and glulam.

scholarly journals Flexural Performance of a New Hybrid Basalt-polypropylene Fiber-reinforced Concrete Oriented to Concrete Pipelines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyun Deng ◽  
Liu Xinrong ◽  
Liang Ninghui ◽  
Albert de la Fuente ◽  
Haoyang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Crack Width ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Flexural Performance ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete

The bending performance of a basalt-polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (HBPFRC) was characterized by testing 24 400×100×100 mm3 prismatic specimens in a four-point bending test JSCE-SF4 configuration. The type and content of both fibers was varied in order to guarantee different target levels of post-cracking flexural performance. The results evidenced that mono-micro basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) allows the increase of the flexural strength (pre-cracking stage), while macro polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete can effectively improve both bearing capacity and ductility of the composite for a wide crack width range. Compared with the plain concrete specimens, flexural toughness and equivalent flexural strength of macro polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (PPFRC) and the hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) increased by 3.7~7.1 times and 10%~42.5%, respectively. From both technical and economic points of view, the optimal mass ratio of basalt fiber to polypropylene fiber resulted to be 1:2, with a total content of 6 kg/m3. This HFRC is seen as a suitable material to be used in sewerage pipes where cracking control (crack formation and crack width control) is of paramount importance to guarantee the durability and functionality of the pipeline as well as the ductility of the system in case of local failures.

scholarly journals Effect of the Nonprestressed/Prestressed BFRP Bar on Flexural Performance of the Bamboo Beam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Qingfang Lv ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Ye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Prestress Loss ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Flexural Performance ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Laminated Bamboo

Until now, the systematical and comprehensive strengthening techniques have not been formed for the bamboo structure. Under such background, this paper aims to explore the effects of the application of the nonprestressed and prestressed basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars on the flexural performance of the beams made of the laminated bamboo and reconstituted bamboo materials. Two series of four-point bending tests were thus conducted. In the first series of tests, the pure laminated bamboo beam and the laminated bamboo beam applied with nonprestressed BFRP bar were compared. Test results showed that the ultimate load and deformation capacity of the laminated bamboo beam was improved due to the existence of the BFRP bar. In the second series of tests, the reconstituted bamboo beams applied with nonprestressed and prestressed BFRP bars were compared. It is found that the ultimate load of the reconstituted bamboo beam was not improved by the application of the prestressed force. The further analysis related to the prestress loss demonstrated that the prestress loss before the release of the prestressed BFRP bar could reach up to 31.8–37.3% compared with the design initial prestressed stress. The prestress loss caused by the elastic deformation of the bamboo beam can be neglected. For all tested specimens, the plane section assumption was acceptable and the position of the neutral axis of the beam gradually moved down with the increase of the applied load.

Experimental Investigation of Flax FRP Tube Confined Coconut Fibre Reinforced Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bo Yan ◽  
Nawawi Chouw ◽  
Krishnan Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Lateral Load ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Performance ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Axial Compressive Strength ◽  
Coconut Fibre ◽  
Frp Tube

The compressive and flexural performance of flax fibre reinforced polymer (FFRP) confined coconut fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC) structures were investigated. The mass content of coconut fibre considered was 1% of cement. Eighteen cylinders were tested under uniaxial compression and 12 beams were tested under four-point bending. Test results show that in compression, both FFRP tube and FFRP wrapping confinements enhance the axial compressive strength and ultimate strain of concrete significantly, e.g. the ultimate strength of 4-layer FFRP tube confined CFRC is 94% larger than that of the unconfined CFRC. In flexure, the FFRP tube increases the lateral load bearing capacity and the deflection several times larger than the unconfined concrete columns, e.g. the ultimate lateral load of 4-layer FFRP confined PC and CFRC are 1066% and 946% larger than the corresponding unconfined PC and CFRC specimens. In flexure, coir inclusion can affect the failure mode of the FFRP-CFRC composite structure significantly.

Recovering waste energy of the combined gas turbine system using paraffin melting

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7481-7497
Author(s):  
Yousef Najjar ◽  
Abdelrahman Irbai
Keyword(s):  
Melting Process ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Layered System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Waste Energy

This work covers waste energy utilization of the combined power cycle by using it in the candle raw material (paraffin) melting process and an economic study for this process. After a partial utilization of the burned fuel energy in a real bottoming steam power generation, the exhaust gas contains 0.033 of the initially burned energy. This tail energy with about 128 ºC is partly driven in the heat exchanger of the paraffin melting system. Ansys-Fluent Software was used to study the paraffin wax melting process by using a layered system that utilizes an increased interface area between the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and the phase change material (PCM) to improve the paraffin melting process. The results indicate that using 47.35 kg/s, which is 5% of the entire exhaust gas (881.33 kg/s) from the exit of the combined power cycle, would be enough for producing 1100 tons per month, which corresponds to the production quantity by real candle's factories. Also, 63% of the LPG cost will be saved, and the payback period of the melting system is 2.4 years. Moreover, as the exhaust gas temperature increases, the consumed power and the payback period will decrease.

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