scholarly journals Cellulose Nanofibers Preparation from Cassava Peels via Mechanical Disruption

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Sonny Widiarto ◽  
Edi Pramono ◽  
Suharso ◽  
Achmad Rochliadi ◽  
I Made Arcana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Mechanical Disruption ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Cassava Peels

In this study, cellulose and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were extracted and prepared from cassava peels (CPs). The method of the cellulose extraction was performed by alkali treatment followed by a bleaching process. The CNF were prepared by mechanical disruption procedure (homogenization and ultrasonication), and the results were compared with a common acid hydrolysis procedure. The resulting cellulose and CNF from both procedures were then analyzed using FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and TGA. The results show that cellulose and CNF were successfully prepared from both procedures. The physical properties of the produced CNF were different; however, they had similar chemical properties.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization of Fiber and Its Reinforcement in Film Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 766-768
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Cassava Bagasse ◽  
Fiber Characterization

The aim of this project is to segregate the fiber from agricultural waste in three distinct stages such as alkali treatment, bleaching process, acid hydrolysis. Agricultural wastes such as cassava bagasse, sorghum stalk, corn stalk were selected. Initially the raw materials were subjected to chemical processes like alkali treatment and bleaching process to remove lignin and hemi cellulose. The chemically purified cellulose was then subjected to acid hydrolysis for isolation of fiber. Characterization of FTIR result shows that hemicellulose and lignin was partially eliminated. TGA was carried to know the thermal properties of the sample. The film was formed by casting method using isolated fiber, maize starch, agar, Tween 80. The fibers were incorporated into the film and their properties such as tensile strength, moisture content and solubility were studied

scholarly journals Karakteristik Sifat Fisiko-Kimia dan Fungsional Pati Sagu Ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre) Dimodifikasi dengan Hidrolisis Asam

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Febby Jeanry Polnaya ◽  
Alfredo Andelson Huwae ◽  
Gilian Tetelepta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of this study was to characterize modified Ihur sago starch as affected by treatment of acid hydrolysis. A completely randomized experimental non-factorial design was used in this research with four levels of treatments, i.e. native ihur sago starch, HCl concentrations of 1.1 N, 2.2 N, or 3.3 N, subsequently. Physical properties such as color, swelling power, solubility, and paste clarity were measured in this research. Moisture, ash, and amylose content were determined as chemical properties, while the resistant starch (RS) content was determined for its functional properties. Results showed that starch treated with acid hydrolysis caused changes to physical properties in comparison with native starch. These included higher (80.93–81.89) degree of whiteness (L*) than native starch (80.29), lower redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) than native (8.26 and 18.24) having the value of 5.13–6.34, and 13.21–15.39, respectively. Acid hydrolysis not only caused a decrease in swelling power (43.88–50.56%), but also an increase in solubility (8.92–12.34%) and paste clarity (74.70–77.73% T) compared to native starch. Higher moisture and ash content having the value of 8.72–15.01% and 0.22–0.37%, correspondingly but lower amylose (18.29–27.22%) and RS content were obtained by acid hydrolysis starch in contrast to native starch. The modified starch has improved heat stability with smaller breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity less than native starch, and is easily to gelatinize. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakteristik pati sagu ihur alami (PSIA) yang dimodifikasi dengan perlakuan hidrolisis asam. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap non-faktorial dengan empat taraf perlakuan yaitu PSIA, hidrolisis asam (PSIHA) menggunakan HCl 1,1 N, 2,2 N, atau 3,3 N. Parameter yang diukur meliputi karakteristik fisik antara lain warna, kemampuan menggelembung, daya larut, kejernihan pasta, dan sifat amilografi. Karakteristik kimia meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, dan amilosa sedangkan karakteristik fungsional yaitu kadar pati resistan (RS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan hidrolisis asam menyebabkan perubahan terhadap sifat fisik warna pati dimana nilai kecerahan (L*) pati hidrolisis asam (80,93–81,89) lebih tinggi dibandingkan PSIA (80,29). Sebaliknya nilai kemerahan (a*) dan kekuningan (b*) PSIHA (5,13–6,34 dan 13,21–15,39) lebih rendah dibandingkan PSIA (8,62 dan 18,24). Perlakuan asam juga menyebabkan kemampuan menggelembung PSIHA (43,88–50,65%) mengalami penurunan dibandingkan PSIA, tetapi meningkatkan daya larut (8,92–12,34%) dan kejernihan pasta (74,70–77,73% T). Untuk sifat kimia, kadar air pati sagu hidrolisis asam (8,72–15,01%) dan kadar abu (0,22–0,37%) relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pati alaminya, namun perlakuan asam menurunkan kadar amilosa (18,29–27,22%) dan kadar RS (0,06–0,37%). PSIHA memiliki kestabilan yang lebih baik selama pemanasan dengan breakdown viscosity yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan PSIA, serta kecenderungan teretrogradasi lebih rendah, yaitu ditunjukkan nilai setback viscosity yang rendah, dan lebih mudah mengalami gelatinisasi.

scholarly journals Effect of Preparation Conditions on Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 6373-6385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yern Chee Ching ◽  
Tuck Sean Ng
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Preparation Conditions

The effects of chlorite bleaching on the properties of cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber were investigated in this work. Cellulose was extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber via chlorite bleaching, alkali treatment, and acid hydrolysis. Cellulose was extracted by varying the bleaching duration, which corresponded to 4, 8, or 12 h. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the lignin and hemicellulose were significant removed after the bleaching process, whereas no spectral differences were observed in the samples with the increase of bleaching durations. The main removal of the lignin and hemicellulose components had occurred during the bleaching process. There was only slight additional removal of lignin and hemicellulose during the further extraction process with alkali and acid hydrolysis. The peaks at 1740 cm-1 and 1246 cm-1 which represent hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, were not present in the final extracted cellulose. The cellulose yield contents did not increase with the increasing of bleaching duration from 4 h to 12 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity and the 200 peak of OPEFB had increased after the bleaching process. Analysis of the visible light transmittance of cellulose, after a bleaching duration of 12 h, demonstrated the highest transmittance due to the disintegration of the fibers. By increasing the bleaching duration, the temperature at 50% weight loss of OPEFB increased, suggesting that the thermal stability of cellulose had improved.

Morphology, Thermal and Chemical Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) Hydrolyzed from Banana Stem

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Norbaya Kasa ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Omar ◽  
Ismarul Nizam
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Cellulose ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Banana Stem ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Banana stem (BS) was used as the natural cellulose source. It must undergo an alkali treatment and bleaching process before continuing with an acid hydrolysis. Then, the Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was synthesized via acid hydrolysis with four different concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at 50 %, 52 %, 54 % and 56 % respectively at 50 0C for 1 hour. The influence of acid concentration of morphology, thermal and chemical properties of the NCC was studied in this project. The morphology dimension of the NCC was determined by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and thermal stability of the NCC was determined by using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical composition and structural analysis were measured by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Effect of Acid/Fiber Ratio on Physical Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers Extracted from Cassava Pulp

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Thanh Chi Nguyen ◽  
Ruksakulpiwat Chaiwat ◽  
Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Cellulose nanofibers (CeNF) were extracted successfully from cassava pulp (CP) by submitting to alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments. The raw CP was mercerized with NaOH solution and then followed by bleaching treatment using a solution made up of equal parts (v:v) of acetate buffer and aqueous chlorite. In order to obtain cellulose nanofibers, the acid hydrolysis treatment of bleached fibers was performed using a mixture of HCl/H2SO4 (1:2 v/v). In this acid treatment reaction, the effects of acid/fiber ratio (ml/g) on physical properties of obtained cellulose nanofibers were investigated. Nanofibers were morphologically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealing the nanofibers with diameter in the range of 12-24 nm and immeasurable length were obtained. An increase in crystallinity of fibers after treatments was revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Due to the introduction of sulfate groups at the outer surfaces of fibers during the hydrolysis, thermal stability of nanofibers, characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), was lower than that of raw CP. The acid/fiber ratio of 150ml/2g was found to be a proper ratio for thermal stability of obtained nanofibers. The crystallinity of nanofibers increased with the increase of acid/fiber ratio.

Isolation of Nanocellulose from Pomelo Fruit Fibers by Chemical Treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niti Yongvanich ◽  
Pattama Visuttpitukul
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
20 Nm

This study aims to isolate cellulose nanofibers from locally abundant pomelo fruit. Only the inner, soft peels were selected for investigation. The peels were subjected to alkali treatment (NaOH) with different concentrations and soaking times. Acid hydrolysis was also carried out to obtain an aqueous suspension of nanocellulose. The treated cellulose fibers were characterized by various methods. The effect of alkali treatment was initially confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectra which displayed disappearance of several peaks belonging to non-cellulosic materials. The sharpening of the absorption at around 914 cm-1 is attributed the β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units in cellulose. Alkali treatment also helped eliminate the non-cellulosic constituents via reduction in the 1240 and 1750 cm-1 peak. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed an improved onset of degradation likely caused by an increase in crystallinity evidenced by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) through the presence of two well-defined reflections characteristic of cellulose. The morphological and structural characterization by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) still revealed a compact structure even after alkali treatment. However, acid hydrolysis was successful in individualizing cellulose nanofibers as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The diameter of these nanofibers was in the 10 - 20 nm range with various lengths.

I. The physical properties of homologues and isomers

1878 ◽  
Vol 26 (179-184) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Observations of the physical properties of chemical compounds have been very numerous; in many, however, the object aimed at has been merely the definition of the substances in question, and the results lay claim to no great accuracy. In others, data have been required for the solution of purely physical problems, and but little attention has been paid to the chemical nature of the substances employed. In comparatively few has equal importance been attached to both the physical and chemical aspects of the question. If, then, we attempt to compare the physical properties of a series of compounds presenting very similar chemical properties, we find that in the case of one or two members of the series our knowledge is tolerably omplete, but that with regard to the others little is known but their approximate boiling-points and densities.

Pyrrole Chemistry. XIV. Some Chemical and Physical Properties of 3-Pyrrolecarbaldehyde and 1-Methyl-3-pyrrolecarbaldehyde

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1961-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Anderson ◽  
H. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

3-Pyrrolecarbaldehyde (1) has been prepared on an increased scale. A general survey of the physical and chemical properties of the 3-aldehyde and 1-methyl-3-pyrrolecarbaldehyde has been carried out. The results indicate similar chemical properties to those of the corresponding 2-aldehydes. The physical properties are generally predictable on the basis of earlier studies.

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Properties of Some Hazelnut Varieties Grown in Portugal

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Elsa Ramalhosa ◽  
Arminda Lopes ◽  
Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Hazelnuts are one of the most appreciated nuts worldwide due to their unique organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Gunslebert had more elongated hazelnuts and with heavier shelled fruits, while the kernels of the Grada de Viseu revealed to be heavier. Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell, Gunslebert had a harder core, and Segorbe was more resistant to fracture. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (λ = 0.007) and water activity (λ = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.

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