scholarly journals Multi-Analytical Approach for Asbestos Minerals and Their Non-Asbestiform Analogues: Inferences from Host Rock Textural Constraints

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Maria Militello ◽  
Andrea Bloise ◽  
Laura Gaggero ◽  
Gabriele Lanzafame ◽  
Rosalda Punturo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Instrumental Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Asbestos is a hazardous mineral, as well as a common and well-known issue worldwide. However, amphiboles equal in composition but not in morphology, as well as the fibrous antigorite and lizardite, are not classified as asbestos even if more common than other forms of the mineral. Still, their potential hazardous properties requires further exploration. The proposed multi-instrumental approach focuses on the influence of textural constraints on the subsequent origin of asbestiform products in massive rock. This aspect has a significant effect on diagnostic policies addressing environmental monitoring and the clinical perspective. Concerning minerals that are chemically and geometrically (length > 5 μm, width < 3 μm and length:diameter > 3:1) but not morphologically analogous to regulated asbestos, the debate about their potential hazardous properties is open and ongoing. Therefore, a selection of various lithotypes featuring the challenging identification of fibrous phases with critical counting dimensions was investigated; this selection consisted of two serpentinites, one metabasalt and one pyroxenite. The analytical protocol included optical microscopy (OM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS; TEM/EDS), micro-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography (SR X-ray μCT). The latter is an original non-destructive approach that allows the observation of the fiber arrangement in a three-dimensional space, avoiding morphological influence as a result of comminution.

scholarly journals Construction of Shale Gas Well

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Aneta Sapińska-Śliwa ◽  
Rafał Wiśniowski ◽  
Krzysztof Skrzypaszek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trajectory Design ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Profile Type ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The paper describes shale gas borehole axes trajectories (vertical, horizontal, multilateral). The methodology of trajectory design in a two-and three-dimensional space has been developed. The selection of the profile type of the trajectory axes of the directional borehole depends on the technical and technological possibilities of its implementation and the results of a comprehensive economic analysis of the availability and development of the field. The work assumes the possibility of a multivariate design of trajectories depending on the accepted (available or imposed) input data.

Static and Dynamic Behaviours of Three-Tower Suspension Bridges and the Structure Selection of the Mid-Tower

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2343-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liang ◽  
Xiang Nan Wu ◽  
Yue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Structure Selection ◽  
Main Cable ◽  
Main Girder ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In order to discuss the mechanical behaviour differences between the two-tower and three-tower suspension bridges, based on the Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge, three dimensional space finite element models of two-tower, three-tower with concrete mid-tower and with steel mid-tower were constructed. Through the comprehensive analysis, main conclusions are got as follows: due to the mid-tower lack of effective restraint from side cable, compared with two-tower suspension bridges, three-tower suspension bridges have lower total stiffness and natural frequency, with larger deflection-to-span ratio of main girder. So, some factors such as anti-slipping safety factor between the main cable and saddle, deflection-to-span ratio of main girder and force in mid-tower, which are not important in two-tower design, become controlling ones in three-tower suspension bridges. These factors are related to anti-pushing rigidity of mid-tower, but in contradictory demanding for the rigidity of mid-tower. After comprehensive analysis, steel tower with shape of upside-down ‘Y’ meets all demands, and then, was selected as appropriate structure for the mid-tower.

scholarly journals Inverse of the conic transformation of a function with a power weight

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Ziyaudin Medzhidov
Keyword(s):  
Radon Transform ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circular Cone ◽  
Common Vertex ◽  
Power Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radon Transformation ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

We consider the Radon transformation defined on circular cones called the conical Radon transform. In the three-dimensional space $R^{3}$, it maps the functions to its surface integrals over a circular cone, and in $R^{2}$ to its integrals over two rays with a common vertex. In this paper, we present new formulas for inversion of k-weighted conical and X-ray Radon transformations under complete and incomplete data in $R^{2}$ and $R^{3}$.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of the Coaxial Quadrotor Dynamics for Its Attitude and Altitude Control

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Wojciech Giernacki ◽  
Jarosław Gośliński ◽  
Jagoda Goślińska ◽  
Tadeo Espinoza-Fraire ◽  
Jinjun Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Altitude Control ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In this paper, an easily implementable coaxial quadrotor model and its validation on data from a real unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), are presented. The proposed mathematical model consists of two parts: description of orientation and position of the UAV in the three-dimensional space. It takes into consideration the gyroscopic effect, influence of the Coriolis force, viscous friction and a several drag-like effects (blade flapping, rotor drag, translational drag and profile drag). In contrast to multirotor models available in the literature, this one is characterized by complementarity in relation to the available control techniques. Depending on selection of these techniques, the model can be narrowed (simplified) to meet the needs without the loss of behaviour adequacy to a real UAV.

scholarly journals Si/Ge intermixing during Ge Stranski–Krastanov growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2374-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Portavoce ◽  
Khalid Hoummada ◽  
Antoine Ronda ◽  
Dominique Mangelinck ◽  
Isabelle Berbezier
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Cylindrical Symmetry ◽  
Dislocation Nucleation ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The Stranski–Krastanov growth of Ge islands on Si(001) has been widely studied. The morphology changes of Ge islands during growth, from nucleation to hut/island formation and growth, followed by hut-to-dome island transformation and dislocation nucleation of domes, have been well described, even at the atomic scale, using techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Although it is known that these islands do not consist of pure Ge (due to Si/Ge intermixing), the composition of the Ge islands is not precisely known. In the present work, atom probe tomography was used to study the composition of buried dome islands at the atomic scale, in the three-dimensional space. The core of the island was shown to contain about 55 atom % Ge, while the Ge composition surrounding this core decreases rapidly in all directions in the islands to reach a Ge concentration of about 15 atom %. The Ge distribution in the islands follows a cylindrical symmetry and Ge segregation is observed only in the {113} facets of the islands. The Ge composition of the wetting layer is not homogeneous, varying from 5 to 30 atom %.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

3D Observation of Elemental Distribution of Si-Device using a Dedicated FIB/STEM System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yaguchi ◽  
M. Konno ◽  
T. Kamino ◽  
M. Ogasawara ◽  
K. Kaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sample Rotation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Elemental Maps

Abstract A technique for preparation of a pillar shaped sample and its multi-directional observation of the sample using a focused ion beam (FIB) / scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) system has been developed. The system employs an FIB/STEM compatible sample rotation holder with a specially designed rotation mechanism, which allows the sample to be rotated 360 degrees [1-3]. This technique was used for the three dimensional (3D) elemental mapping of a contact plug of a Si device in 90 nm technology. A specimen containing a contact plug was shaped to a pillar sample with a cross section of 200 nm x 200 nm and a 5 um length. Elemental analysis was performed with a 200 kV HD-2300 STEM equipped with the EDAX genesis Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) system. Spectrum imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) [4, 5] was used to enhance the weak X-ray signals of the doped area, which contain a low concentration of As-K. The distributions of elements, especially the dopant As, were successfully enhanced by MSA. The elemental maps were .. reconstructed from the maps.

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